1. A method for modeling construction risk comprising:
providing a statistical model for each of a plurality of location-based tasks of a construction project model;
randomly selecting a model parameter for each of the plurality of statistical models to generate a statistically-based duration for each of the location-based tasks;
calculating a schedule duration based on the statistically-based durations of the location-based tasks; and
repeating the steps of providing, randomly selecting, and calculating until a statistical distribution for the construction project model is generated.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises setting a start date for a location-based task equal to the maximum of the group comprising a start date distribution and an earliest start date defined by preceding activities.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises determining a duration for a task by determining when a time integral of a total productivity function equals an amount of work required to complete the task.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises adding a delay to a start time for a task if a resource has left a job site associated with the task.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises adding a delay to a finish time for a task based on weather data.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises adding a delay to a finish time for a task based on modification of resources required for the task.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises adding a delay to a finish time for a task based on modification of productivity rates for workers performing the task.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating a schedule duration comprises adding a delay to a finish time for a task based on rework required due to poor quality of workmanship for the task.
9. A system for modeling construction risk comprising:
a construction task modeling system storing a model having one or more parameters for each of a plurality of interrelated location-based tasks;
a production risk system storing one or more risk models for generating a value for each of the one or more parameters based on an input; and
a Monte Carlo simulation system generating a random value of the input for each of the one or more parameters, wherein the system generates a schedule duration upon receiving the input for each of the one or more parameters.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a weather risk modeling system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of weather on the parameter.
11. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a prerequisite risk modeling system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of a prerequisite on the parameter.
12. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a resource modification risk system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of a modification of one or more resource on the parameter.
13. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a productivity rate risk system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of a productivity rate on the parameter.
14. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a material availability risk system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of an availability of a material on the parameter.
15. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a resource availability risk system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of an availability of a resource on the parameter.
16. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a location risk modeling system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of a location in which a task is performed on the parameter.
17. The system of claim 9 wherein the production risk system includes a quality risk modeling system generating a value for one or more parameters based on an affect of a quality of work for a task on the parameter.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A cutting element for use in drilling subterranean formations, comprising:
a substantially cylindrical substrate;
a volume of superabrasive material mounted to an end of the substrate and including:
a cutting face configured for use on a drag bit, the cutting face comprising at least one planar portion extending in two dimensions generally transverse to a longitudinal axis of the cutting element;
a rear boundary adjacent the substrate;
only one or more grooves in the cutting face, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting face and having substantially parallel sidewalls, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face beginning at a lateral periphery of the cutting face and extending across the at least one planar portion of the cutting face at least as far as a geometric center point of the cutting face; and
wherein there are no grooves in the cutting face that do not extend across the at least one planar portion at least as far as the geometric center point of the cutting face.
2. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves comprise a plurality of grooves, wherein all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face intersect proximate the geometric center point of the cutting face.
3. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping toward the geometric center of the cutting face at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, a maximum depth at the geometric center point of the cutting face and a lesser depth at the lateral periphery of the cutting face.
4. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves comprise a groove having a floor sloping at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and a maximum depth at approximately an opposite side of the lateral periphery of the cutting face greater than a depth at the beginning of the at least one groove.
5. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping toward the geometric center point of the cutting face at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, a maximum depth between opposing sides of the lateral periphery of the cutting face and greater than a depth at the opposing sides of the lateral periphery of the cutting face.
6. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves include at least one groove extending completely across a diameter of the cutting face.
7. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves comprise a plurality of grooves, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face located on and extending completely across a diameter of the cutting face.
8. The cutting element of claim 1, wherein the one or more grooves include a plurality of grooves, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face located on a diameter of the cutting face beginning at the periphery of the cutting face, and further including a rib raised above or inset into the cutting face and extending parallel to and along at least one longitudinal side wall of at least a portion of at least one groove of the plurality of grooves.
9. The cutting element of claim 8, wherein the rib comprises material selected from the group consisting of diamond material, polycrystalline diamond material, tungsten carbide material, cubic boron nitride material, leached polycrystalline diamond material, cobalt, and any combinations thereof.
10. A cutting element for use on a bit for drilling subterranean formations, comprising:
a substrate;
a volume of diamond material mounted to an end of the substrate and including:
a cutting face configured for use on a drag bit, the cutting face comprising at least one planar portion extending in two dimensions generally transverse to a longitudinal axis of the cutting element, the cutting face having at least another portion located at a non-perpendicular angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element;
a rear boundary adjacent the substrate;
only one or more grooves in the cutting face, all of the one and more grooves in the cutting face extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting face and having substantially parallel side walls, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face extending from a cutting edge at a lateral periphery of the cutting face and extending across the at least one planar portion and the at least another portion of the cutting face at least as far as a geometric center point of the cutting face; and
wherein there are no grooves in the cutting face that do not extend across the at least one planar portion at least as far as the geometric center point of the cutting face.
11. The cutting element of claim 10, wherein the one or more grooves in the cutting face comprise a plurality of grooves, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face located on diameters of the cutting face.
12. The cutting element of claim 10, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element and a maximum depth at one of approximately a geometric center point of the cutting face, approximately opposite of the cutting edge at a lateral periphery of the cutting face, and intermediate of the lateral periphery of the cutting face and the geometric center point of the cutting face and a lesser depth at other portions of the at least one groove.
13. The cutting element of claim 10, wherein the one or more grooves include a plurality of grooves, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face located on a diameter of the cutting face beginning at the lateral periphery of the cutting face, and further including a rib raised above or inset into the cutting face and extending parallel to and along at least one longitudinal side wall of at least a portion of at least one groove of the plurality of grooves.
14. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the rib comprises material selected from the group consisting of diamond material, polycrystalline diamond material, tungsten carbide material, cubic boron nitride material, leached polycrystalline diamond material, cobalt, and any combinations thereof.
15. A drilling apparatus, comprising:
a body having structure for connection to a drill string;
cutting elements fixedly mounted to the body at an end thereof opposite the structure, at least one cutting element comprising:
a substrate;
a volume of superabrasive material mounted to an end of the substrate and including:
a cutting face comprising at least one planar portion extending in two dimensions generally transverse to a longitudinal axis of the at least one cutting element;
a rear boundary adjacent the substrate;
only one or more grooves in the cutting face, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting face and having substantially parallel side walls, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face beginning at a lateral periphery of the cutting face and extending across the at least one planar portion of the cutting face at least as far as a geometric center point of the cutting face; and
wherein there are no grooves in the cutting face that do not extend across the at least one planar portion at least as far as the geometric center point of the cutting face.
16. The drilling apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping toward the geometric center point of the cutting face at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, a maximum depth at approximately a geometric center point of the cutting face and a lesser depth at the lateral periphery of the cutting face.
17. The drilling apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, a maximum depth at approximately a side of the lateral periphery of the cutting face greater than a depth at the beginning of the at least one groove.
18. The drilling apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more grooves comprise at least one groove having a floor comprising at least one portion sloping toward the geometric center point of the cutting face at a non-perpendicular angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting element, a maximum depth between opposing sides of the lateral periphery of the cutting face and a lesser depth at the opposing sides of the lateral periphery of the cutting face.
19. The drilling apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more grooves include a groove extending across an entire diameter of the cutting face.
20. The drilling apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more grooves include a plurality of grooves, all of the one or more grooves in the cutting face located on a diameter of the cutting face beginning at the lateral periphery of the cutting face, and further including a rib raised above or inset into the cutting face and extending parallel to and along at least one longitudinal side wall of at least a portion of at least one groove of the plurality of grooves.
21. The drilling apparatus of claim 20, wherein the rib comprises material selected from the group consisting of diamond material, polycrystalline diamond material, tungsten carbide material, cubic boron nitride material, leached polycrystalline diamond material, cobalt, and any combinations thereof.