1. An acoustic transducer comprising:
a substrate having a cavity that is open at a top of the substrate;
a vibration electrode film provided above the substrate so as to cover the cavity; and
a fixed electrode film provided at a distance above the vibration electrode film,
wherein a gap is formed between an upper surface of the substrate and a lower surface of the vibration electrode film around the cavity,
wherein, in the gap across which the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the vibration electrode film face each other, a narrow portion of the gap that is narrower than another portion of the gap is disposed, and
wherein the narrower portion of the gap extends linearly.
2. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the narrow portion of the gap extends in a direction other than a direction orthogonal to an end edge of the vibration electrode film.
3. The acoustic transducer according to claim 2, wherein the narrow portion of the gap extends in a direction parallel to the end edge of the vibration electrode film.
4. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein a size of the gap at an end edge of the vibration electrode film is smaller than a size of the gap at an edge of the top opening of the cavity.
5. The acoustic transducer according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the vibration electrode film facing the upper surface of the substrate is curved in cross section such that the end edge of the vibration electrode film comes closer to the upper surface of the substrate.
6. The acoustic transducer according to claim 4, wherein a portion of the vibration electrode film facing the upper surface of the substrate is bent in cross section such that the end edge of the vibration electrode film comes closer to the upper surface of the substrate.
7. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein a size of the gap at an intermediate position between an edge of the top opening of the cavity and an end edge of the vibration electrode film is smaller than a size of the gap at the edge of the top opening of the cavity and a size of the gap at the end edge of the vibration electrode film.
8. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a stopper projected from a lower surface of a portion of the vibration electrode film facing the upper surface of the substrate,
wherein the projection length of the stopper is greater than a height difference between a proximal end of the stopper and a lowermost end of the vibration electrode film.
9. The acoustic transducer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a projecting portion provided on the upper surface of the substrate in a region of the upper surface of the substrate facing the vibration electrode film,
wherein the projecting portion reduces a size of the gap formed between the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the vibration electrode film.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image processing device comprising:
a processor; and
a memory which stores a plurality of instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
acquire a captured image;
extract first feature data and second feature data of a first user included in the captured image;
calculate a first authentication decision value, which indicates a probability that the first feature data of the first user resembles first feature data of a second user; and
authenticate the first user by selectively using either one of the first feature data of the first user and both the first feature data and the second feature data of the first user according to the first authentication decision value, wherein
when the first authentication decision value is smaller than a first threshold, the processor is to authenticate the first user according to a first similarity that indicates a similarity between the first feature data of the first user and first standard feature data, the first standard feature data being prestored;
when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, the processor is to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity and a second similarity that indicates a similarity between the second feature data of the first user and second standard feature data, the second standard feature data being prestored; and
the first threshold corresponds to a false acceptance rate that is permitted by the authentication.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein:
the first feature data of the first user is a color histogram, and
the second feature data of the first user is a feature vector.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein:
the second user is included in the captured image; and
the calculation is to acquire the first feature data of the second user, based on the extraction, or to acquire the first feature data of the second user from another image processing device.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein when the first authentication decision value is smaller than the first threshold, and when the first similarity is larger than or equal to a second threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity, the processor is to authenticate the first user.
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein, when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, the processor is to determine a second authentication decision value according to the first threshold and the first authentication decision value, the second authentication decision value being used to calculate a third threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the second similarity.
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, and when the first similarity is larger than or equal to a second threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity, and the second similarity is larger than or equal to the third threshold, the processor is to authenticate the first user.
7. The device according to claim 5, wherein a value obtained by multiplying the first authentication decision value by the second authentication decision value is smaller than or equal to the first threshold.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the extraction is to extract the first feature data of the first user from a face area or a body area and also extract the second feature data of the first user from the face area.
9. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a captured image;
extracting first feature data and second feature data of a first user included in the captured image;
calculating, by a computer processor, a first authentication decision value, which indicates a probability that the first feature data of the first user resembles first feature data of a second user; and
authenticating the first user by selectively using either one of the first feature data of the first user and both the first feature data and the second feature data of the first user according to the first authentication decision value, wherein
when the first authentication decision value is smaller than a first threshold, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user according to a first similarity that indicates a similarity between the first feature data of the first user and first standard feature data, the first standard feature data being prestored;
when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity and a second similarity that indicates a similarity between the second feature data of the first user and second standard feature data, the second standard feature data being prestored; and
the first threshold corresponds to a false acceptance rate that is permitted by the authenticating.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein:
the first feature data of the first user is a color histogram; and
the second feature data of the first user is a feature vector.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein:
the second user is included in the image; and
the calculating is to acquire the first feature data of the second user, based on the extracting, or to acquire the first feature data of the second user from another image processing device.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein when the first authentication decision value is smaller than the first threshold, and when the first similarity is larger than or equal to a second threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user.
13. The method according to claim 9, wherein when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, the authenticating is to determine a second authentication decision value according to the first threshold and the first authentication decision value, the second authentication decision value being used to calculate a third threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the second similarity.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, and when the first similarity is larger than or equal to a second threshold, which is used to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity, and the second similarity is larger than or equal to the third threshold, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein a value obtained by multiplying the first authentication decision value by the second authentication decision value is smaller than or equal to the first threshold.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing an image processing program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising:
acquiring a captured image;
extracting first feature data and second feature data of a first user included in the captured image;
calculating a first authentication decision value, which indicates a probability that the first feature data of the first user resembles first feature data of a second user; and
authenticating the first user by selectively using either one of the first feature data of the first user and both the first feature data and the second feature data of the first user according to the first authentication decision value, wherein
when the first authentication decision value is smaller than a first threshold, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user according to a first similarity that indicates a similarity between the first feature data of the first user and first standard feature data, the first standard feature data being prestored;
when the first authentication decision value is larger than or equal to the first threshold, the authenticating is to authenticate the first user according to the first similarity and a second similarity that indicates a similarity between the second feature data of the first user and second standard feature data, the second standard feature data being prestored; and
the first threshold corresponds to a false acceptance rate that is permitted by the authenticating.