1. An adapter configured to couple a withdrawal spike with a multidose vial for maintaining sterility therein, the adapter comprising:
a hollow body defined by an outer wall having a first end and a second end;
a first retaining member at the first end adapted to irreversibly engage at least a portion of the multidose vial such that once the adapter has been engaged with the vial, it is permanently locked in place to prevent removal of the adapter from the vial; and
a second retaining member at the second end adapted to irreversibly engage at least a portion of the withdrawal spike, such that the withdrawal spike is locatable in a predetermined position with respect to the multidose vial such that once the spike has been engaged with the adapter, it is permanently locked in place as to prevent removal of the spike from the adapter,
wherein the adapter irreversibly couples the withdrawal spike to the multidose vial such that the sterility of the vial contents is maintained after withdrawal of a first and subsequent doses using first and subsequent injection devices.
2. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the first retaining member comprises at least one inwardly extending first projection.
3. The adapter of claim 2, wherein the or each first projection is disposed at a free end of an associated resiliently deflectable tab that is defined by a pair of slots in the outer wall, the slots extending at least partially from the first end towards the second end of the outer wall.
4. The adapter of claim 3, wherein the or each first projection includes a camming surface for engagement by at least a portion of the multidose vial.
5. The adapter of claim 3, wherein the outer wall includes a thinned portion between the ends of the pair of slots at the fixed end of the or each tab to aid tab deflection.
6. The adapter of claim 1, further comprising a flange extending from the second end.
7. The adapter of claim 6, wherein the second retaining member comprises at least one inwardly extending second projection disposed on the outer periphery of the flange.
8. The adapter of claim 7, wherein the or each second projection is disposed at a free end of an associated resiliently deflectable tab that has a fixed end at the outer periphery of the flange.
9. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the or each second projection includes a camming surface for engagement by at least a portion of the withdrawal spike.
10. The adapter of claim 8, wherein the or each tab includes a thinned portion at the fixed end to aid tab deflection.
11. The adapter of claim 6, wherein the flange comprises an annular disc that includes a rim extending about at least a portion of the flange periphery, the flange and rim configured to receive a housing of the withdrawal spike.
12. The adapter of claim 1, further comprising a skirt projecting from the first end of the body.
13. The adapter of claim 12, wherein the skirt is configured to enshroud at least a portion of the multidose vial, with an inner surface of the skirt having a shape that is adapted to match the contours of the relevant portion of the multidose vial.
14. The adapter of claim 1, further comprising at least one gripping surface.
15. The adapter of claim 14, wherein there is a pair of opposed gripping surfaces, each disposed on an outer surface of a boss projecting outwardly from the outer wall of the body.
16. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the adapter comprises a unitary piece.
17. The adapter of claim 16, wherein the adapter comprises a thermoplastic moulding.
18. An assembly comprising:
a multidose vial;
a withdrawal spike adapted to permit multiple sterile withdrawals to be taken from the multidose vial using first and subsequent injection devices; and
an adapter configured to couple the withdrawal spike with the multidose vial for maintaining sterility therein during and after withdrawal of a first and subsequent doses therefrom, the adapter comprising:
a hollow body defined by an outer wall having a first end and a second end;
a first retaining member at the first end irreversibly engaging at least a portion of the multidose vial such that once the adapter has been engaged with the vial, it is permanently locked in place to prevent removal of the adapter from the vial; and
a second retaining member at the second end irreversibly engaging at least a portion of the withdrawal spike, such that the withdrawal spike is located in a predetermined position with respect to the multidose vial and that once the spike has been engaged with the adapter, it is permanently locked in place as to prevent removal of the spike from the adapter.
19. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the multidose vial comprises: a shell defining an interior chamber having an opening; and a cap hermetically sealing the opening.
20. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the chamber contains multiple doses of a component.
21. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the cap is received in the hollow body of the adapter and is engaged by the first retaining member.
22. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the cap comprises a septum.
23. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the withdrawal spike comprises:
a housing; and
a piercing thorn, the thorn protruding centrally and perpendicularly from the housing.
24. The assembly of claim 23, wherein said predetermined position comprises the thorn of the withdrawal spike being inserted through the vial cap by a predetermined distance.
25. The assembly of claim 23, wherein the spike housing is received in the adapter flange and is engaged by the second retaining member.
26. A method of assembling an assembly for administering multiple doses of a component, comprising the steps of:
providing a multidose vial containing the component;
providing a withdrawal spike adapted to permit multiple doses to be taken from the multidose vial;
providing an adapter as defined in claim 1;
fitting the adapter onto the multidose vial; and
fitting the withdrawal spike onto the adapter.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein (a) said multidose vial comprises a shell defining an interior chamber having an opening and a cap hermetically sealing the opening, and (b) wherein the first retaining member of the adapter comprises at least one inwardly extending first projection disposed at a free end of an associated resiliently deflectable tab that is defined by a pair of slots in the outer wall, the slots extending at least partially from the first end towards the second end of the outer wall, wherein the first projection includes a camming surface for engagement by at least a portion of the multidose vial, the step of fitting the adapter onto the multidose vial comprising:
engaging the camming surface of the or each first projection with the vial cap;
resiliently deflecting outwardly the associated deflectable tab to a deflected position via a relative axial force between the multidose vial and the adapter; and
passing the cap beyond the or each first projection, the or each first projection hence returning from the deflected position to retain the cap within the hollow body.
28. The method of claim 26, (a) wherein said withdrawal spike comprises a housing and a piercing thorn, the thorn protruding centrally and perpendicularly from the housing, and (b) wherein the adapter further comprises a flange extending from the second end, wherein the second retaining member comprises at least one inwardly extending second projection disposed at a free end of an associated resiliently deflectable tab that has a fixed end at the outer periphery of the flange, wherein the or each second projection includes a camming surface for engagement by at least a portion of the withdrawal spike, the step of fitting the withdrawal spike onto the adapter comprising:
engaging the camming surface of the or each second projection with the spike housing;
resiliently deflecting outwardly the associated deflectable tab to a deflected position via a relative axial force between the spike and the adapter; and
passing the housing beyond the or each second projection, the or each second projection hence returning from the deflected position to retain the spike housing against the adapter flange.
29. A method of preparing multiple doses of a component comprising the steps of:
assembling the assembly in accordance with claim 26;
inserting an injection device into the withdrawal spike;
withdrawing substantially a sterile dose of component from the multidose vial into the injection device through the spike; and
repeating the inserting and withdrawal steps using subsequent injection devices.
30. The method of claim 26, wherein the component comprises a vaccine.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the vaccine is an influenza vaccine.
32. The assembly of claim 20, wherein the component comprises an influenza vaccine.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A transmission apparatus for serial and parallel channel interworking, which supports signal comparability between a serial channel signal and a parallel channel signal in an optical transport network, the transmission apparatus comprising:
a first receiving (RX) interface unit;
a first transmitting (TX) interface unit;
a second receiving (RX) interface unit; and
a second transmitting (TX) interface unit;
wherein the first RX interface unit and the first TX interface unit operate in a serial interface TX mode for channel interworking transmission between first serial optical modules supporting a SerDes Framer Interface (SFI) and process data signals and deskew signals that are transmitted in a transmission order of frames,
wherein the second RX interface unit and the second TX interface unit operate in a parallel interface TX mode and process data signals that are transmitted through a plurality of data lanes for channel interworking transmission between second serial optical modules supporting no SFI or between parallel optical modules supporting no SFI.
2. The transmission apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first serial optical modules and the second serial modules is a 40GBASE-FR optical module and each of the first serial optical modules which supports the SFI-5.2 is further a 40G 300 pin MSA optical module, and
each of the parallel optical modules which does not support the SFI is a 40GBASE-LR optical module.
3. The transmission apparatus of claim 1, wherein the serial interface TX mode of the first interface unit is a mode that supports serial channel signal transmission using a SFI-5, and
the parallel interface TX mode of the second interface unit is a mode that supports parallel channel signal transmission using a plurality of parallel data lanes.
4. The transmission apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a decoding unit configured to monitor the serial interface TX mode of the first interface unit and the parallel interface TX mode of the second interface unit to thereby determine whether to activate the first interface unit or the second interface unit.
5. The transmission apparatus of claim 4, wherein the decoding unit automatically converts a transmission mode into one of the serial interface TX mode and the parallel interface TX mode according to a received input signal.
6. The transmission apparatus of claim 5, wherein the decoding unit activates, if receiving a Loss of Lane Alignment (LOL) alarm signal from the second RX interface unit, the first RX interface unit,
the decoding unit deactivates, if receiving no RX Out-of-Alignment (RXOOA) alarm signal when the first RX interface unit is activated, the second RX interface unit, and
the decoding unit deactivates, if receiving no LOL alarm signal from the second RX interface unit and receiving a RXOOA alarm signal from the first RX interface unit when the first RX interface unit is activated, the first RX interface unit and activates the second RX interface unit.
7. The transmission apparatus of claim 5, wherein the decoding unit activates, if receiving a LOL alarm signal from the second RX interface unit, the first RX interface unit or a RX deskew channel signal receiver in the first RX interface unit,
the decoding unit activates, if receiving no Loss of Frame (LOF) alarm signal from the first RX interface unit or the RX deskew channel signal receiver in the first RX interface unit, the first RX interface unit, and
the decoding unit activates, if receiving no RXOOA alarm signal from the first RX interface unit when the first RX interface unit is activated, the first TX interface unit and deactivates the second TX and RX interface units.
8. A transmission method for serial and parallel channel interworking of a transmission apparatus for serial and parallel channel interworking, the transmission apparatus supporting signal comparability between a serial channel signal and a parallel channel signal in an optical transport network, the transmission method comprising at least one operation of:
processing data signals and deskew signals that are transmitted in a transmission order of frames, in a serial interface transmission mode, through a first transmitting interface unit and a receiving interface units for channel interworking transmission between serial optical modules that support a SerDes Framer Interface (SFI); and
processing data signals transmitted through a plurality of data lanes, in a parallel interface transmission mode, through a second transmission interface unit and a reception interface unit for channel interworking transmission between the serial optical modules that do not support the SFI or between parallel optical modules that do not support the SFI.
9. The transmission method of claim 8, further comprising automatically converting a transmission mode into one of a serial interface transmission mode and a parallel interface transmission mode according to a received signal.
10. The transmission method of claim 9, wherein the automatically converting of the transmission mode into one of the serial and parallel interface transmission modes comprises:
if a Loss of Lane Alignment (LOL) alarm signal is generated from the second receiving interface unit and no RX Out-of-Alignment (RXOOA) alarm signal is generated when the first receiving interface unit is activated, activating the first receiving interface unit, and deactivating the second receiving interface unit; and
if no LOL alarm signal is generated from the second receiving interface unit and a RXOOA alarm signal is generated from the first receiving interface unit when the first receiving interface unit is activated, deactivating the first receiving interface unit, and activating the second receiving interface unit.