1. A method comprising:
providing a swellable fluid, wherein the swellable fluid comprises:
an aqueous fluid,
a crosslinking agent, and
at least a plurality of swellable particles; and
placing the swellable fluid in a subterranean formation, and
allowing the swellable fluid to form a semi-solid crosslinked gel structure in the subterranean formation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure is formed from a reaction comprising a water-soluble copolymer of at least one nonacidic ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer and at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated ester.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure is formed from a reaction comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyalkyleneimine, a polyalkylenepolyamine, a polyacrylamide, a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidacrylamide copolymer, a sulfonated styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer, a vinylpyrrolidone2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidacrylamide terpolymer, a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidN\u2014N-dimethyl-acrylamideacrylamide terpolymer, and any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the crosslinking agent comprises a crosslinking agent selected from a group consisting of polyethyleneimine, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, unilhexium, phenol, formaldehyde, hydroquinone, chitosan, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, and any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the swellable particle swells in the presence of a non-aqueous fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the swellable particle swells in the presence of an aqueous-based fluid.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure reduces the permeability of a portion of the subterranean formation neighboring the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the swellable fluid is a swellable spacer fluid, and wherein placing the swellable fluid into the well bore comprises placing the swellable fluid into an annulus between a subterranean formation and a conduit disposed in the well bore, and wherein the swellable fluid is placed into the conduit behind a first fluid and ahead of a second fluid.
9. A method comprising:
after the placement of a first fluid in a well bore, placing a swellable spacer fluid into an annulus between a subterranean formation and a conduit disposed in a well bore, wherein the swellable spacer fluid comprises:
an aqueous fluid,
a crosslinking agent, and
at least a plurality of swellable particles; and
placing a second fluid into the annulus after the swellable spacer fluid such that the swellable spacer fluid is between the second fluid and the first fluid that is disposed in the annulus; and
allowing the spacer fluid to form a semi-solid crosslinked gel structure in the annulus.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the swellable particle swells in the presence of a non-aqueous fluid.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the swellable particle swells in the presence of an aqueous-based fluid.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the second fluid comprises a cement composition, and wherein the first fluid comprises a drilling fluid.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure is formed from a reaction comprising a water-soluble copolymer of at least one nonacidic ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer and at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated ester.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure is formed from a reaction comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyalkyleneimine, a polyalkylenepolyamine, a polyacrylamide, a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidacrylamide copolymer, a sulfonated styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer, a vinylpyrrolidone2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidacrylamide terpolymer, a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acidN\u2014N-dimethyl-acrylamideacrylamide terpolymer, and any combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein the swellable particles are present in a range from about 5% to about 95% by volume.
16. The method of claim 9 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure comprises a silicate-based gelling agent.
17. The method of claim 9 wherein the semi-solid crosslinked gel structure substantially isolates the second fluid and the first fluid.
18. A method comprising:
providing a swellable fluid, wherein the swellable fluid comprises:
an aqueous fluid,
a silicate-based gelling agent system, and
a swellable particle; and
placing the swellable fluid in a subterranean formation.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising allowing the swellable fluid to form a semi-solid crosslinked gel structure in a zone of the subterranean formation.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the subterranean formation comprises an annulus located between the subterranean formation and a conduit disposed in a well bore penetrating the subterranean formation, and further comprising placing the swellable fluid into the annulus after the introduction of a first fluid and before the introduction of a second fluid.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein the swellable particle swells in the presence of an aqueous fluid, a non-aqueous fluid, or a gas.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pyrolysis tube comprising mixing blades, wherein pyrolysis takes place when hydrocarbons and vapor are mixed together and passed through the pyrolysis tube,
wherein at least a first and a second mixing blade, made by twisting two ends of a plate 180 degrees in opposite directions, are installed in an axial direction in the pyrolysis tube, and wherein the mixing blades are disposed to make ends of the first mixing blade intersect ends of the second mixing blade at a right angle.
2. The pyrolysis tube of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis tube comprises a potassium based compound coated on a surface of the mixing blades or on an inner surface of the pyrolysis tube.
3. The pyrolysis tube of claim 1, wherein an entire volume of the mixing blades is from 1% to 20% of an inner volume of the pyrolysis tube.
4. The pyrolysis tube of claim 2, wherein an entire volume of the mixing blades is from 1% to 20% of an inner volume of the pyrolysis tube.
5. A pyrolysis method comprising the steps of:
inflowing hydrocarbons and water into a vaporizer for respectively vaporizing them, and forwarding the vaporized gases to a preheater using one channel for mixing;
preheating the mixture exiting the vaporizer;
passing the mixture through a pyrolysis tube and thermally decomposing the mixture; and
condensing the decomposed mixture exiting the pyrolysis tube,
wherein the pyrolysis tube includes a plurality of mixing blades, said mixing blades made by twisting two ends of a plate 180 degrees in opposite directions, said mixing blades being installed in an axial direction in the pyrolysis tube, and the mixing blades being disposed to make ends of a first mixing blade intersect ends of a second mixing blade at a right angle, and wherein said pyrolysis tube is heated to between 600\xb0 C. and 1000\xb0 C., a ratio of waterhydrocarbon is from 0.3 to 3.0 by weight, and an LHSV is from 1 hr\u22121 to 20 hr\u22121.
6. The pyrolysis tube of claim 1, wherein an entire volume of the mixing blades is less than 10% of an inner volume of the pyrolysis tube.
7. The pyrolysis tube of claim 1, wherein fluid flow through the pyrolysis tube is separated into two half areas while passing the first mixing blade, and each separated flow is divided again into two half areas while passing through the second mixing blade.