1460887818-33db30da-0240-495e-b5bb-1ea381fbb183

1. A diverter for a projectile, comprising:
a mass; and
a release mechanism extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end coupled to the mass and a second end configured to couple to the projectile, the release mechanism includes\u2014
a groove disposed between the first and second ends and cincturing the longitudinal axis; and
an explosive charge disposed along the longitudinal axis between the groove and the second end.
2. The diverter according to claim 1 wherein the release mechanism comprises an unactuated arrangement and an actuated arrangement.
3. The diverter according to claim 2, wherein a time period to transition from the unactuated arrangement and the actuated arrangement is less than 100 microseconds.
4. The diverter according to claim 3, wherein the time period is approximately 50 microseconds.
5. The diverter according to claim 2, wherein, the unactuated arrangement includes the release mechanism retaining the mass on the projectile, and the actuated arrangement includes the release mechanism releasing the mass from the projectile.
6. The diverter according to claim 2, wherein the mass is coupled to the first end in the actuated arrangement and decoupled from the second end in the actuated arrangement.
7. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the mass and the first end are threadably coupled.
8. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the mass extends along the longitudinal axis between a fixed end coupled to the first end and a free end disposed along the longitudinal axis between the groove and the second end.
9. The diverter according to claim 8, wherein the free end cinctures the release mechanism.
10. The diverter according to claim 9, further comprising an annular gap between the free end and the release mechanism.
11. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the release mechanism comprises an explosive bolt.
12. The diverter mechanism according to claim 11, wherein the explosive bolt comprises a first set of screw threads at the first end and a second set of screw threads at the second end.
13. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the release mechanism further comprises an electrically operated heating element.
14. The diverter according to claim 13, wherein the electrically operated heating element comprises a thin film bridge.
15. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the explosive charge comprises an ignition charge, a primary explosive material, and a secondary explosive material.
16. The diverter according to claim 15, wherein the release mechanism further comprises an electrically operated heating element configured to ignite the ignition charge, wherein the ignition charge is configured to detonate the primary explosive material, and wherein the primary explosive material is configured to detonate the secondary explosive material.
17. The diverter according to claim 1, wherein the release mechanism comprises a bolt body cincturing a passageway extending along the longitudinal axis from the second end to a closed end, wherein the closed end is disposed between the groove and the second end, and wherein the explosive charge comprises a secondary explosive material pressed against the closed end.
18. The diverter according to claim 17, wherein the secondary explosive material is configured to separate the first and second ends by shock wave interaction at the groove.
19. The diverter according to claim 17, wherein the release mechanism comprises a squib assembly occluding the passageway proximate the second end.
20. The diverter according to claim 19, wherein the squib assembly is hermetically coupled to the bolt body.
21. The diverter according to claim 19, wherein the squib assembly comprises a head body, a plurality of electrical leads extending through an aperture in the head body, and an insulator hermetically sealing the electrical leads and the head body.
22. The diverter according to claim 21, wherein the squib assembly comprises an electrostatic spark discharge gap between the head body and the plurality of electrical leads.
23. A projectile comprising:
a body extending along a first axis between a nose and a tail; and
an array of diverters configured to divert a trajectory of the body, wherein individual diverters include an explosive bolt extending along a second axis between a first end having a mass and a second end coupled to the projectile, and wherein the explosive bolt couples the first end to the projectile in an unactuated arrangement and the explosive bolt decouples the first end from the projectile in an actuated arrangement.
24. The projectile according to claim 23, wherein the second axes are non-parallel to the first axis.
25. The projectile according to claim 23, wherein the second axes are approximately perpendicular to the first axis.
26. The projectile according to claim 23, wherein the second axes are non-parallel to the first axis.
27. The projectile according to claim 23, wherein the array of diverters comprise a plurality of diverters having individual second axes disposed at different angular positions about the first axis.
28. A method of diverting a projectile from a first trajectory to a second trajectory, comprising:
separating a bolt body coupling a mass to the projectile, wherein an unseparated arrangement of the bolt body retains the mass on the projectile and a separated arrangement of the bolt body releases the mass off the projectile, and wherein separating the bolt body occurs in less than 100 microseconds.
29. The method according to claim 28, wherein separating the bolt body occurs in approximately 50 microseconds.
30. The method according to claim 28, wherein separating the bolt body comprises detonating an explosive charge between ends of the bolt body.
31. The method according to claim 28, wherein separating the bolt body comprises generating shock wave interaction at a groove cincturing the bolt body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) expression vector that comprises the following sequences (a) to (c):
(a) the following nucleotide sequence (a-1) or (a-2):
(a-1) a nucleotide sequence encoding all or a part of the target gene; or
(a-2) a nucleotide sequence encoding DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to DNA consisting of a sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence (a-1);

(b) a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence (a) and an inverted repeat thereof; and
(c) a sequence encoding a loop region and connecting the nucleotide sequence (a) to the nucleotide sequence (b),
wherein the sequences are transcribed into RNA and thereby forming ds-RNA having a stem-loop structure.
2. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, which further comprises a polymerase II promoter.
3. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, which further comprises a developmental-stage-specific promoter.
4. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 2, wherein the polymerase II promoter or developmental-stage-specific promoter is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) early gene promoter.
5. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, which further comprises a sequence that autocatalytically cleaves RNA located upstream of the nucleotide sequences (a) to (c).
6. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 5, wherein the sequence that autocatalytically cleaves RNA is a ribozyme site.
7. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, which further comprises a sequence that pauses RNA polymerase located downstream of the nucleotide sequences (a) to (c).
8. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 7, wherein the sequence that pauses RNA polymerase is a sequence of the MAZ domain.
9. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence (c) is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, 5, or 6.
10. The ds-RNA expression vector according claim 1, wherein the target gene is a disease-associated gene.
11. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 1, wherein the target gene is the Ski gene.
12. The ds-RNA expression vector according to claim 11, wherein a part of the target gene is a 540 bp 5\u2032-region of the Ski gene.
13. A target gene-knockdown animal, in which a ds-RNA for the target gene is expressed.
14. The animal according to claim 13, in which the ds-RNA for the target gene is tissue-specifically expressed.
15. The animal according to claim 13, which is a transgenic animal having a ds-RNA expression vector introduced therein and expressing ds-RNA for the target gene, or progeny thereof.
16. The animal according to claim 15, wherein the ds-RNA expression vector comprises the following sequences (a) to (c):
(a) the following nucleotide sequence (a-1) or (a-2):
(a-1) a nucleotide sequence encoding all or a part of the target gene; or
(a-2) a nucleotide sequence encoding DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to DNA consisting of a sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence (a-1);