1. An optical film comprising a transparent polymer film, wherein the optical film has: a value A1 defined by formula (1), the value A1 ranging from 0.10 to 0.95; a value A2 defined by the formula (2), the value A2 ranging from 1.01 to 1.50; and a glass transition temperature of 120\xb0 C. or higher:
Value A1=Re(450)Re(550)\u2003\u2003(1)
Value A2=Re(650)Re(550)\u2003\u2003(2)
wherein Re(\u03bb) indicates an in-plane retardation value of the optical film to light having a wavelength of \u03bb (nm); and Rth(\u03bb) indicates a thickness-direction retardation value of the optical film to light having a wavelength of \u03bb (nm).
2. The optical film according to claim 1, which comprises a compound in an amount of 0.01 to 30% by mass, the compound having a maximum absorption wavelength \u03bbmax shorter than 250 nm in a UV absorption spectrum of a solution of the compound.
3. The optical film according to claim 1, wherein comprises cellulose acylate as a main component of the optical film.
4. The optical film according to claim 1, which has: a value C1 defined by formula (4), the value C1 ranging from 0.40 to 0.95; a value C2 defined by formula (5), the value C1 ranging from 1.05 to 1.93; and Rth(550) of 70 to 400 nm:
Value C1={Re(450)Rth(450)}{Re(550)Rth(550)}\u2003\u2003(4)
Value C2={Re(650)Rth(650)}{Re(550)Rth(550)}.\u2003\u2003(5)
5. The optical film according to claim 4, which comprises a first birefringent layer and a second birefringent layer
6. An optically compensatory film comprising:
an optical film according to claim 1; and
an optically anisotropic layer comprising a liquid crystal compound, the optically anisotropic layer having a liquid crystal transition temperature of from 25\xb0 C. to a temperature higher by 20\xb0 C. than a glass transition temperature of the optical film.
7. The optically compensatory film according to claim 6, wherein the optically anisotropic layer comprising has such an optical characteristic to fulfill a value B1 defined by formula (3):
Value B1 Re(450)Re(650)\u22661.25\u2003\u2003(3)
wherein Re(450) indicates an in-plane retardation value of the optically anisotropic layer to light having a wavelength of 450 nm; and Re(650) indicates an in-plane retardation value of the optically anisotropic layer to light having a wavelength of 650 nm.
8. The optically compensatory film according to claim 6, wherein the liquid crystal compound is a discotic compound.
9. An optically compensatory film comprising:
a transparent film comprising a first birefringent layer and a second birefringent layer; and
an optically anisotropic layer comprising a liquid crystal compound,
wherein the transparent film has: a value A1 defined by formula (1), the value A1 ranging from 0.10 to 0.95; a value A2 defined by formula (2), the value A2 ranging from 1.01 to 1.50; a value B1 defined by formula (4), the value B1 ranging from 0.40 to 0.95; a value B2 defined by formula (5), the value B2 ranging from 1.05 to 1.93; and Rth(550) of 70 to 400 nm:
Value A1=Re(450)Re(550)\u2003\u2003(1)
Value A2=Re(650)Re(550)\u2003\u2003(2)
Value B1={Re(450)Rth(450)}{Re(550)Rth(550)}\u2003\u2003(4)
Value B2={Re(650)Rth(650)}{Re(550)Rth(550)}\u2003\u2003(5)
wherein Re(\u03bb) indicates an in-plane retardation value of the transparent film to light having a wavelength of \u03bb (nm); and Rth(\u03bb) indicates a thickness-direction retardation value of the transparent film to light having a wavelength of \u03bb (nm).
10. The optically compensatory film according to claim 9, wherein the first and second birefringent layers differ from each other in wavelength dependency of birefringence.
11. The optically compensatory film according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and the second birefringent layers is a birefringent layer comprising a liquid crystal compound.
12. The optically compensatory film according to claim 9, wherein the liquid crystal compound is a discotic compound.
13. A polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and an optical film according to claim 1.
14. A liquid crystal display comprising: a liquid crystal cell; and a polarizing plate according to claim 13.
15. The liquid crystal display according to claim 14, wherein the liquid crystal cell is in one of VA mode, OCB mode and IPS mode.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A continuous flexible bus comprising:
a plurality of flexible clad conductors;
a switch; and
at least one piercing connector configured to,
pierce one of the plurality of flexible clad conductors, and
cause an electrical connection between an electrical conductor in the pierced one of the plurality of flexible clad conductors and the switch.
2. The continuous flexible bus of claim 1, wherein the piercing connector comprises:
a first block associated with at least a first circuit conductor lug having a plurality of first piercing contacts;
a second block; and
at least one fastener connecting the first block to the second block, the at least one fastener configured to cause the plurality of first piercing contacts to make and maintain electrical contact with the electrical conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
3. The continuous flexible bus of claim 2, wherein the at least one fastener is configured to further cause the plurality of first piercing contacts to pierce an armor around the electrical conductor, to pass through a jacket around the electrical conductor, and to pass through insulation around the electrical conductor before making and maintaining electrical contact with the electrical conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
4. The continuous flexible bus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of first piercing contacts are insulated in such a way that the plurality of first piercing contacts only make and maintain electrical contact with the electrical conductor and do not make and maintain electrical contact with the armor around the electrical conductor.
5. A piercing connector comprising:
a first block associated with a first circuit conductor lug having a plurality of first piercing contacts;
a second block; and
bolts connecting the first block to the second block, the bolts configured, when tightened, to cause the plurality of first piercing contacts to make and maintain electrical contact with a conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
6. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the bolts are configured, when tightened, to further cause the plurality of first piercing contacts to pierce an armor around the conductor, to pass through a jacket around the conductor, and to pass through insulation around the conductor before making and maintaining electrical contact with the conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
7. The piercing connector of claim 6, wherein the plurality of first piercing contacts are insulated in such a way that the plurality of first piercing contacts only make and maintain electrical contact with the conductor and do not make and maintain electrical contact with the armor around the conductor.
8. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the first block is associated with a first ground conductor lug wherein the bolts are configured, when tightened, to further cause the first ground conductor lug to contact an armor around the conductor.
9. The piercing connector of claim 8, wherein the first ground conductor lug further comprise a ground tab exterior to the piercing connector and in electrical connection with the first ground conductor lug.
10. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the second block is associated with a second circuit conductor lug having a plurality of second piercing contacts wherein the bolts connecting the first block to the second block are configured, when tightened, to cause the plurality of second piercing contacts to make and maintain electrical contact with the conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
11. The piercing connector of claim 10, wherein the plurality of second piercing contacts further comprise a second tab exterior to the piercing connector and in electrical connection with the plurality of second piercing contacts.
12. The piercing connector of claim 10, wherein the bolts are configured, when tightened, to further cause the plurality of second piercing contacts to pierce an armor around the conductor, to pass through a jacket around the conductor, and to pass through insulation around the conductor before making and maintaining electrical contact with the conductor placed between the first block and the second block.
13. The piercing connector of claim 12, wherein the plurality of second piercing contacts are insulated in such a way that the plurality of second piercing contacts only make and maintain electrical contact with the conductor and do not make and maintain electrical contact with the armor around the conductor.
14. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the second block is associated with a second ground conductor lug wherein the bolts are configured, when tightened, to further cause the second ground conductor lug to contact an armor around the conductor.
15. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the first block and the second block are made of a non-electrically conductive material.
16. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the first block and the second block are made of epoxy.
17. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the first block and the second block are made of porcelain.
18. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the bolts connecting the first block to the second block comprise torque bolts having heads configured to snap off when a predetermined amount of torque is applied to the heads.
19. The piercing connector of claim 5, wherein the plurality of first piercing contacts further comprise a first tab exterior to the piercing connector and in electrical connection with the plurality of first piercing contacts.
20. A continuous flexible bus comprising:
a flexible metal cladding containing a plurality of electrical conductors;
a switch; and
at least one piercing connector configured to,
pierce the flexible metal cladding, and
cause an electrical connection between a one of the plurality of electrical conductors in the pierced flexible metal cladding and the switch wherein the piercing connector comprises;
a first block associated with a first circuit conductor lug having a plurality of first piercing contacts;
a second block; and
at least one fastener connecting the first block to the second block, the at least one fastener configured to cause the plurality of first piercing contacts to make and maintain electrical contact with the one of the plurality of electrical conductors in the flexible metal cladding placed between the first block and the second block wherein the plurality of first piercing contacts are insulated in such a way that the plurality of first piercing contacts only make and maintain electrical contact with the one of the plurality of electrical conductors and do not make and maintain electrical contact with the flexible metal cladding once the fastener is completely fastened.