1. An aqueous ink composition comprising:
(a) water,
(b) pigment particles dispersed with a surfactant or self dispersing without the need for a dispersant,
(c) at least one humectant, and
(d) at least one fluorinated polyurethane additive which is different from any pigment dispersant in the ink, having a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000; and
further comprising a second non-fluorinated polyurethane additive which is distinct from the dispersant, wherein the second polyurethane additive comprises polyether groups.
2. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the pigment particles are self-dispersing.
3. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the pigment particles are dispersed by a surfactant.
4. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the pigment particles are dispersed by a polymeric dispersant.
5. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive comprises at least one first soft segment comprising fluorinated side chains.
6. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the fluorinated side chain is a fluoroalkyl group.
7. The ink composition of claim 6, wherein the fluoralkyl group comprises from 2 to 6 carbons.
8. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the fluorinated side chain is a fluorinated polyether.
9. The ink composition of claim 8, wherein the fluorinated polyether side chain comprises from 2 to 6 carbons.
10. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the first soft segment further comprises siloxane groups.
11. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the at least one first soft segment is present in the fluorinated polyurethane at between 2% and 30% by weight of the total fluorinated polyurethane.
12. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the at least one first soft segment is present in the fluorinated polyurethane at between 5% and 20% by weight of the total fluorinated polyurethane.
13. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive further comprises at least one non-fluorinated second soft segment comprising polyether, polyester, polycarbonate or polydimethylsiloxane groups.
14. The ink composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one second soft segment is present at between 1% and 30% by weight of the total fluorinated polyurethane.
15. The ink composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one second soft segment is present at between 1% and 20% by weight of the total fluorinated polyurethane.
16. The ink composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one second soft segment is present at between 1% and 10% by weight of the total fluorinated polyurethane.
17. The ink composition of claim 13, wherein the first soft segment comprises fluorinated polyether groups and the second soft segment comprises polyether groups.
18. The ink composition of claim 5, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive has an acid number of greater than or equal to 20.
19. The ink composition of claim 18, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane has an acid number from 60 to 150.
20. The ink composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the fluorinated polyurethane additive to the second non-fluorinated polyurethane additive is from 10:1 to 100:1.
21. An aqueous ink composition comprising:
(a) water,
(b) pigment particles dispersed with a surfactant or self dispersing without the need for a dispersant,
(c) at least one humectant, and
(d) at least one fluorinated polyurethane additive which is different from any pigment dispersant in the ink, having a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive comprises at least one first soft segment comprising fluorinated side chains and wherein the first soft segment further comprises siloxane groups.
22. An aqueous ink composition comprising:
(a) water,
(b) pigment particles dispersed with a surfactant or self dispersing without the need for a dispersant,
(c) at least one humectant, and
(d) at least one fluorinated polyurethane additive which is different from any pigment dispersant in the ink, having a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive comprises at least one first soft segment comprising fluorinated side chains and at least one non-fluorinated second soft segment comprising tetramethylene oxide groups.
23. An aqueous ink composition comprising:
(a) water,
(b) pigment particles dispersed with a surfactant or self dispersing without the need for a dispersant,
(c) at least one humectant, and
(d) at least one fluorinated polyurethane additive which is different from any pigment dispersant in the ink, having a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, wherein the fluorinated polyurethane additive comprises at least one first soft segment comprising fluorinated side chains and at least one non-fluorinated second soft segment, wherein the first soft segment comprises polyfluoroalkylmethylsiloxane groups and the second soft segment comprises polyether groups.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for producing an additive for lubricant oil that has a Total Base Number from about 100 to about 400, comprising overbasing reacting of components consisting of A, B, C, D and E at a temperature between 50\xb0 C. and 200\xb0 C.,
wherein, the component A is an alkyl salicylic acid that is of a particular molecular formula (I) before its neutralization or overbasing,
where R1 represents a hydrogen, R2 represents an alkyl group which has 10 to 50 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2;
the component B is CaO, which is added by one time or by plural times during the reaction;
the component C is ethylene glycol;
the component D is base oil; and
the component E is carbon dioxide, which is introduced after the component B and is used each time when the component B is added;
the ethylene glycol is removed from the reacted mixture after the overbasing under vacuum, and then the reacted mixture is filtered to obtain a clear liquid product.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein, the ethylene glycol is added at a temperature between 50\xb0 C. and 180\xb0 C.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein, the amount of the introduced carbon dioxide is excessive for the CaO.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacted mixture is filtered at a temperature below 170\xb0 C.
5. The process of claim 1, further comprising adding a filter auxiliary.
6. The process of claim 1, further comprising vacuum distillation of the product to remove partial flux oil for concentrating.