1. An electrical contact assembly for a plasma torch tip, comprising:
an electrically conductive contact portion having a first end and a second end;
a compressible portion in mechanical communication with the second end of the electrically conductive contact portion;
a mounting portion adapted to mount to a plasma torch;
wherein the compressible portion comprises a spring assembly;
wherein the assembly includes a spring housing adapted to receive a coil spring in a generally coaxial relation;
wherein the spring housing defines an outer diameter and an inner diameter together defining a generally uniform cylindrical wall comprising a spring housing main body and enclosing a hollow cavity adapted to receive the coil spring;
wherein the spring housing has a first end and a second end including a retaining ridge, the retaining ridge extending inward toward a longitudinal axis from the inner diameter of the spring housing, and the retaining ridge has an inner diameter and an outer diameter; and,
wherein the compressible portion further comprises a plunger received by the hollow cavity, and the plunger defining a head and a shaft, the head having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the spring housing and greater than the inner diameter of the retaining ridge, and the shaft having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the retaining ridge.
2. The electrical contact assembly of claim 1, wherein the plunger includes an end opposing the head, the end including a means for mounting to the plasma torch.
3. The electrical contact assembly of claim 2, wherein the means for mounting comprises a male thread.
4. A plasma torch tip electrical contact assembly, comprising:
a contact defining a cylinder having an annular cross section and a linear longitudinal axis and having a minor diameter, the contact having a first end and a second end, the second end having a major diameter greater than the minor diameter and the major diameter further defining a male threaded portion;
a spring housing defining a cylinder having an outer diameter and an annular cross section and the spring housing defining a linear longitudinal axis, and the housing further defining an inner diameter and an outer diameter greater than zero, the inner diameter and outer diameter together defining a hollow cylindrical housing including a main housing body, the spring housing further including a first end and a second end at either end of the main housing body, the first end defining a female threaded portion adapted to mate with the male threaded portion of the contact, and the second end having an inner diameter less than that of the main housing body thereby defining a retaining ridge extending inward toward the longitudinal axis;
a plunger defining a cylinder having an outer diameter and an annular cross section and the plunger defining a linear longitudinal axis, the plunger comprising a first end and a second end, the first end defining a plunger head having a major diameter extending a portion of the length of the plunger and being less than the inner diameter of the main housing body but greater than an inner diameter of the retaining ridge, and the second end defining a male threaded portion, and the balance of the plunger defining a minor diameter less than that of the plunger major diameter; and
a coil spring disposed within the main housing body, the coil spring having a first end abutting the contact and a second end abutting the plunger head, and the coil spring biasing the plunger head against the retaining ridge.
5. An electrical contact assembly for use with an associated plasma torch assembly, comprising:
an electrically conductive contact having a first end defining an electrode contact tip and a second end;
a spring housing having a first end that is fixedly attached to the second end of the electrically conductive contact and a second end;
a plunger having a first end that is attached to the second end of the spring housing in a manner that permits the spring housing to move relative to the plunger and a second end that is fixedly mountable to the associated plasma torch assembly; and,
a spring positioned within the spring housing that biases the electrically conductive contact and the spring housing to move together away from the associated plasma torch assembly.
6. The electrical contact assembly of claim 5 wherein the spring housing has an inner chamber that: (1) encloses the spring; and, (2) receives the first end of the plunger.
7. The electrical contact assembly of claim 5 wherein the spring has: (1) a first end that contacts the second end of the electrically conductive contact; and, (2) a second end that contacts the first end of the plunger.
8. The electrical contact assembly of claim 5 wherein:
the second end of the spring housing comprises a retaining ridge that extends inwardly from an inner wall of the spring housing;
the first end of the plunger has a head that is received within an inner chamber of the spring housing; and,
the retaining ridge prevents the plunger head from being removed from the second end of the spring housing.
9. The electrical contact assembly of claim 5 wherein:
the electrically conductive contact has a substantially cylindrical shape;
the first end of the electrically conductive contact has a first diameter;
the second end of the electrically conductive contact has a second diameter;
a mid-section of the electrically conductive contact has a third diameter;
the third diameter is greater than the first diameter; and,
the second diameter is greater than the third diameter.
10. The electrical contact assembly of claim 5 wherein:
the second end of the electrically conductive contact is threadingly attached to the first end of the spring housing;
the second end of the plunger has a threaded portion that can be threadingly attached to the associated plasma torch assembly; and,
the spring housing has an inner chamber that receives the first end of the plunger.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of forming a solid-state device, comprising:
providing a gel electrolyte precursor and an electroactive monomer disposed between at least two electrodes to form a device,
applying a voltage to the device to polymerize the electroactive monomer in the presence of the gel electrolyte precursor to form a conjugated polymer, and
crosslinking the gel electrolyte precursor to form a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition to form a solid-state device comprising a composite comprising conjugated polymer and crosslinked gel electrolyte composition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition comprises a lithium, sodium, or potassium salt, or an ionic liquid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a reference electrode.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electroactive monomer is thiophene, substituted thiophene, carbazole, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, thieno3,4-bthiophene, substituted thieno3,4-bthiophene, dithieno3,4-b:3\u2032,4\u2032-dthiophene, thieno3,4-bfuran, substituted thieno3,4-bfuran, bithiophene, substituted bithiophene, pyrrole, substituted pyrrole, acetylene, phenylene, substituted phenylene, naphthalene, substituted naphthalene, biphenyl and terphenyl and their substituted versions, phenylene vinylene (e.g., p-phenylene vinylene), substituted phenylene vinylene, aniline, substituted aniline, indole, substituted indole, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electroactive monomer is
wherein
each occurrence of Q1 is independently S, O, or Se;
Q2 is S, O, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of Q3 is independently CH or N;
Q4 is C(R1)2, S, O, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of Q5 is independently CH2, S, or O;
each occurrence of R1 is independently hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkyl-OH, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkoxy, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, or \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
each occurrence of R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently is hydrogen; optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 haloalkyl, aryl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 haloalkoxy, aryloxy, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C10 alkyl, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-O-aryl, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-aryl;
or hydroxyl;
each occurrence of R7 is an electron withdrawing group;
each occurrence of R8 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or cyano;
each occurrence of R9 is independently C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkoxy, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of R19 is independently C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, or \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl;
E is O or C(R7)2;
represents an aryl;
is C2, C4, or C6 alkenylene, an aryl or hetero aryl; and
g is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of gel electrolyte precursor and an electroactive monomer further comprises a conducting oligomer, a conducting precursor polymer, a viologen, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising patterning the device using
a blocking material;
direct patterning;
lithography;
individually addressable electrodes; or
directed polymerization by the selective application of voltage.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein an electrochemical atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used as an external working electrode to supply the voltage for the applying.
9. A solid-state device, comprising:
at least two electrodes; and
a composite disposed between the at least two electrodes, the composite comprising a conjugated polymer and a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition;
wherein the composite is formed by in situ polymerization of an electroactive monomer in a combination comprising a gel electrolyte precursor and an electroactive monomer, and then crosslinking the gel electrolyte precursor to form a crosslinked gel electrolyte composition, wherein the conjugated polymer is not formed as a discrete film.
10. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the crosslinked gel electrolyte composition comprises a lithium, sodium, or potassium salt, or an ionic liquid.
11. The solid-state device of claim 9, further comprising a layer disposed on the composite, the layer comprising
a second electrolyte composition, or
a second composite comprising the second electrolyte composition and a second conjugated polymer formed by in situ polymerization of a second electroactive monomer in a second combination comprising the second electrolyte composition and second electroactive monomer.
12. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the electroactive monomer is thiophene, substituted thiophene, carbazole, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, thieno3,4-bthiophene, substituted thieno3,4-bthiophene, dithieno3,4-b:3\u2032,4\u2032-dthiophene, thieno3,4-bfuran, substituted thieno3,4-bfuran, bithiophene, substituted bithiophene, pyrrole, substituted pyrrole, acetylene, phenylene, substituted phenylene, naphthalene, substituted naphthalene, biphenyl and terphenyl and their substituted versions, phenylene vinylene (e.g., p-phenylene vinylene), substituted phenylene vinylene, aniline, substituted aniline, indole, substituted indole, or a combination thereof.
13. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the electroactive monomer is
wherein
each occurrence of Q1 is independently S, O, or Se;
Q2 is S, O, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of Q3 is independently CH or N;
Q4 is C(R1)2, S, O, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of Q5 is independently CH2, S, or O;
each occurrence of R1 is independently hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkyl-OH, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkoxy, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, or \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
each occurrence of R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently is hydrogen; optionally substituted C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 haloalkyl, aryl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 haloalkoxy, aryloxy, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C10 alkyl, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-O-aryl, \u2014C1-C10 alkyl-aryl;
or hydroxyl;
each occurrence of R7 is an electron withdrawing group;
each occurrence of R8 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or cyano;
each occurrence of R9 is independently C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkoxy, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl, or N\u2014R2;
each occurrence of R10 is independently C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, aryl, \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O\u2014C1-C6 alkyl, or \u2014C1-C6 alkyl-O-aryl;
E is O or C(R7)2;
represents an aryl;
is C2, C4, or C6 alkenylene, an aryl or hetero aryl; and
g is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
14. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the combination of gel electrolyte precursor and an electroactive monomer further comprises a conducting oligomer, a conducting precursor polymer, a viologen, or a combination thereof.
15. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the at least two electrodes are indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coated substrates.
16. The solid-state device of claim 9, further comprising a reference electrode.
17. The solid-state device of claim 9, further comprising a potential source in electrical connection with the at least two electrodes.
18. The solid-state device of claim 9, wherein the device is an electrochromic device, an organic thin-film transistor, an organic light-emitting diode, or an organic photovoltaic cell.
19. A solid-state device prepared by the method of claim 1.