1. A compound of the formula:
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof, wherein
X represents S or O;
Y represents NR8;
G represents O or NR7;
R1, R2, and R3 represent, independently, H, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
R4 represents H, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, amino, piperazino, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl except for methyl and methoxyl;
R5, R6 and R7 represent, independently, H or lower alkyl;
R8 represents H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
R9, R10, R9\u2032, and R10\u2032 represent, independently, H, F, Cl, Br, I, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or a three to six membered cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl that includes Cn andor Cn\u2032; and
n and n\u2032 equal, independently, an integer from zero to five.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein
R9 and R10 represent, independently, H, F, Cl, Br, I, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
n equals 1; and
n\u2032 equals 0,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein
X represents O; and
Y and G each represents NH,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R9 and R10 each represents H,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R4 represents Cl, Br, F, or I,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
6. The compound of claim 5, wherein R4 represents Cl and R6 represents methyl,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R5 each represents H,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(i) a compound of the formula:
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof; wherein
X represents S or O;
Y represents NH or NR8;
G represents O or NR7;
R1, R2, and R3 represent, independently, H, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
R4 represents H, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, amine, piperazine, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl except for methyl and methoxyl;
R5, R6 and R7 represent, independently, H or lower alkyl;
R8 represents H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl;
R9, R10, R9\u2032, and R10\u2032 represent, independently, H, F, Cl, Br, I, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or a three to six membered cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl that includes Cn andor Cn\u2032; and
n and n\u2032 equal, independently, an integer from zero to five; and
(ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
9. A method of treating a necrotic cell disease comprising administering to a subject having a necrotic cell disease a compound of claim 1,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof, and
wherein said necrotic cell disease is trauma, ischemia, stroke, cardiac infarction, infection, sepsis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, or HIV-associated dementia.
10. A method of treating a necrotic cell disease comprising administering to a subject having a necrotic cell disease a compound of the formula:
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof; wherein
Y represents NR8;
G represents NR7;
R1, R2, and R3 represent independently H, OH, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, COOH, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or aryl;
R4 represents independently OH, OR8, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R8)2, COOH, CO2R8, NO2, NHC(O)R8, methyl, methoxyl, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, or amine;
R5 and R7 represent independently H or lower alkyl;
R6 represents lower alkyl;
each R8 represents independently H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl;
R9, R10, R9\u2032, and R10\u2032 represent independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or a three to six membered cycloalkyl that includes Cn andor Cn\u2032; and
n and n\u2032 equals an integer from zero to five, and
wherein said necrotic cell disease is trauma, ischemia, stroke, cardiac infarction, infection, sepsis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, or HIV-associated dementia.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said compound has the formula:
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein said compound is an enantiomer of the formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein said compound is an enantiomer of the formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein
R9, R10, R9\u2032, and R10\u2032 represent independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; and
n and n\u2032 are, independently, zero or one,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein R9, R10, R9\u2032, and R10\u2032 each represents H,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein R4 represents Cl, Br, F, or I,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein R6 represents methyl,
or a stereoisomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salt of the compound or of a stereoisomeric form thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of printing dots in an area on a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over said area, comprising:
processing continuous tone data representing an image through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for said area; and
printing each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns during said plurality of printing passes, with each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of said plurality of printing passes over said area,
wherein said processing continuous tone data includes:
distributing each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data to generate N sets of continuous tone values, wherein N corresponds to the number of said plurality of printing passes for printing said area; and
applying a halftoning algorithm individually to each set of said N sets of continuous tone values to generate said N halftone patterns of dots for said area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data is a number V in a range of zero to 255, and said each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data is represented in each of said N sets of continuous tone values by a value of VN rounded to the nearest whole number, and with any remainder being added to a corresponding VN in one of said N sets.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said halftoning algorithm is an error diffusion halftone algorithm.
4. A method of printing dots in an area on a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over said area, comprising:
processing continuous tone data representing an image through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for said area; and
printing each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns during said plurality of printing passes, with each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of said plurality of printing passes over said area,
wherein said processing continuous tone data includes:
assigning said continuous tone data to a first grid, said first grid defining pixel locations at a first resolution R;
spatially dividing said first grid to generate N second grids, wherein each of said N second grids contains a subset of said continuous tone data, and wherein N corresponds to the number of said plurality of printing passes for printing said area; and
applying a halftoning algorithm individually to each subset of said continuous tone data in each of said N second grids to generate said N halftone patterns of dots for said area.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said dividing is achieved by forming various combinations of odd and even rows, and odd and even columns, of said first grid.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said halftoning algorithm is an error diffusion halftone algorithm.
7. An apparatus for printing dots in an area on a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over said area, comprising:
a print engine for carrying said printhead;
a halftoner mechanism that receives continuous tone data representing an image and processes said continuous tone data through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for said area; and
a formatter mechanism communicatively coupled between said halftoner mechanism and said print engine, said formatter mechanism being configured to supply each of said N halftone patterns individually to said print engine, with each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of said plurality of printing passes in said area,
wherein the processing of said continuous tone data includes:
distributing each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data to generate N sets of continuous tone values, wherein N corresponds to the number of said plurality of printing passes for printing said area; and
applying a halftoning algorithm individually to each set of said N sets of continuous tone values to generate said N halftone patterns of dots for said area.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data is a number V in a range of zero to 255, and said each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data is represented in each of said N sets of continuous tone values by a value of VN rounded to the nearest whole number, and with any remainder being added to a corresponding VN in one of said N sets.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said halftoning algorithm is an error diffusion halftone algorithm.
10. An apparatus for printing dots in an area on a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over said area, comprising:
a print engine for carrying said printhead;
a halftoner mechanism that receives continuous tone data representing an image and processes said continuous tone data through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for said area; and
a formatter mechanism communicatively coupled between said halftoner mechanism and said print engine, said formatter mechanism being configured to supply each of said N halftone patterns individually to said print engine, with each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of said plurality of printing passes in said area,
wherein the processing of said continuous tone data includes:
assigning said continuous tone data to a first grid, said first grid defining pixel locations at a first resolution R;
spatially dividing said first grid to generate N second grids, wherein each of said N second grids contains a subset of said continuous tone data, and wherein N corresponds to the number of said plurality of printing passes for printing said area; and
applying a halftoning algorithm individually to each subset of said continuous tone data in each of said N second grids to generate said N halftone patterns of dots for said area.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said dividing is achieved by forming various combinations of odd and even rows, and odd and even columns, of said first grid.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said halftoning algorithm is an error diffusion halftone algorithm.
13. A method of printing dots in an area in a page using a plurality of printing passes of a printhead over said area, comprising:
processing continuous tone data representing an image through N halftoning iterations to generate N halftone patterns of dots for said area: and
printing each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns during said plurality of printing passes, with each individual halftone pattern of said N halftone patterns being printed on a different printing pass of said plurality of printing passes over said area,
wherein said processing continuous tone data includes distributing each continuous tone value in said continuous tone data to generate N sets of continuous tone values, wherein N corresponds to the number of said plurality of printing passes for printing said area and applying a halftoning algorithm individually to each set of said N sets of continuous tone values to generate said N halftone patterns of dots for said area.