What is claimed is:
1. A stain removing chewing gum composition comprising a core and an optional coating having at least one layer, at least one of said core and coating comprising a stain removing effective amount of at least one stain removing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic and non-ionic surfactants, said stain removing agent being present in a manner which enables an effective amount of the stain removing agent to be released from the composition.
2. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the stain removing agent is selected from the group consisting of medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts.
3. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 2 wherein the medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts contain 14-20 carbon atoms.
4. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the stain removing agent is a mixture of organic acid esters of mono and diglycerides.
5. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the stain removing agent is selected from the group consisting of sulfated butyl oleate, medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts in particular the sodium and potassium salts of the stearate and palmitate, and methyl and ethyl esters thereof, sodium oleate, salts of fumaric acid, potassium glomate, organic acid esters of mono and diglycerides such as stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate, succistearin, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, glycerol tristearate, lecithin, hydroxylated lecithin, sodium lauryl sulfate, acetylated monoglycerides, succinylated monoglycerides, monoglyceride citrate, ethoxylated mono- and diglycerides, sorbitan monostearate, calcium stearyl-2-lactylate, sodium stearyl lactylate, lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycerol, glycerol-lactoesters of C14-C20 fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of C14-C20 fatty acids, propylene glycol alginate, sucrose C14-C20 fatty acid esters, diacetyl tartaric or citric acid esters of mono and diglycerides, and triacetin and mixtures thereof.
6. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 5 wherein the stain removing agent is selected from sodium stearate, sodium palmitate and mixtures thereof.
7. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the chewing gum composition is in the form of a slab or stick, said chewing gum composition having a reduced amount of a softener.
8. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 7 wherein the stain removing agent is an anionic surfactant.
9. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 8 where the stain removing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium stearate, sodium palmitate and mixtures thereof.
10. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the chewing gum composition is a centerfill chewing gum composition having a centerfill and a gum portion, said stain removing agent being present in the centerfill, the gum portion or both.
11. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 in the form of a coated chewing gum composition wherein the stain removing agent is present in the coating, the core or both the coating and the core.
12. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 11 wherein the stain removing agent is present in the coating.
13. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of the stain removing agent is from about 0.2 to 2.0% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition.
14. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 13 wherein the amount of the stain removing agent is from about 0.4 to 1.2% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition.
15. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 13 wherein the stain removing agent is a 5050 mixture of sodium stearate and sodium palmitate and the amount of the stain removing agent is about 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition.
16. The stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 13 wherein the stain removing agent is a mixture of organic acid esters of mono and diglycerides and the amount of the stain removing agent is about 1.0% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition.
17. A method of removing stains from teeth comprising chewing an effective amount of the stain removing chewing gum composition of claim 1.
18. A method of producing the stain-removing chewing gum composition of claim 1 comprising adding the stain removing agent in one of the last steps of forming the chewing gum composition to enable the stain removing agent to be loosely contained with the chewing gum composition whereby the stain removing agent can be effectively released upon chewing.
19. A stain removing confectionery composition comprising a stain removing effective amount of at least one stain removing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic and non-ionic surfactants said stain removing agent being present in a manner which enables an effective amount of the stain removing agent to be released from the composition.
20. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 19 wherein the stain removing agent is selected from the group consisting of medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts.
21. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 20 wherein the medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts contain 14-20 carbon atoms.
22. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 19 wherein the stain removing agent is a mixture of organic acid esters of mono and diglycerides.
23. The stain removing confectionery chewing gum composition of claim 19 wherein the stain removing agent is selected from the group consisting of sulfated butyl oleate, medium and long chain fatty acid esters and salts in particular the sodium and potassium salts of the stearate and palmitate, and methyl and ethyl esters thereof, sodium oleate, salts of fumaric acid, potassium glomate, organic acid esters of mono and diglycerides such as stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate, succistearin, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, glycerol tristearate, lecithin, hydroxylated lecithin, sodium lauryl sulfate, acetylated monoglycerides, succinylated monoglycerides, monoglyceride citrate, ethoxylated mono- and diglycerides, sorbitan monostearate, calcium stearyl-2-lactylate, sodium stearyl lactylate, lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycerol, glycerol-lactoesters of C14-C20 fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of C14-C20 fatty acids, propylene glycol alginate, sucrose C14-C20 fatty acid esters, diacetyl tartaric or citric acid esters of mono and diglycerides, and triacetin and mixtures thereof.
24. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 23 wherein the stain removing agent is selected form sodium stearate, sodium palmitate and mixtures thereof.
25. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 19 wherein the amount of the stain removing agent is from about 0.2 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the confectionery composition.
26. The stain removing confectionery composition of claim 25 wherein the amount of the stain removing agent is from about 3 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the confectionery composition.
27. The stain removing composition of claim 19 wherein the confectionery composition is selected from the group consisting of hard boiled candies, nougats, gel confections, centerfill confections, panning goods, and fondants.
28. A method of removing stains from teeth comprising placing an effective amount of the stain removing composition of claim 19 into the oral cavity until the composition is dissolved.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for fractionating alternative solid fuels, into a gaseous fraction, a coal fraction, and a solid fraction, comprising:
gasifying means into which the solid fuels are processed, including a first end and a second end;
a feeding zone at the first end of the gasifying means;
feeding means, operatively placed at the feeding zone of the gasifying means, in order to control feeding of solid fuels;
a gasifying zone next the feeding zone, wherein the partial combustion of the solid fuels will take place;
air feeding means connected to the gasifying zone for feeding air for the combustion of the solid fuel;
mesh means at the gasifying zone, controlling the permeability and permanence time of the solid fuels at the gasifying zone;
cooling means associated with the mesh means, in order to control the temperature of the mesh means;
driving means for the mesh means which open or close said mesh means, for discharging the coal fraction and the solid fraction, after a complete separation of the gaseous fraction of said solid fuels in order to avoid the formation of agglomerates into the gasifying means;
gas exhaust means, into which the gaseous fraction is discharged from the gasifying zone for further use;
a discharging zone next the gasifying zone; and
discharging means at the discharging zone which receive the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the gasifying zone.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gasifying means comprise a vertical column.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gasifying means comprise a horizontal chamber.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding means comprise feeding valve means including driving means to open and close said feeding valve means.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding valve means comprise a plurality of gates in which the solid fuels are fed.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driving means for the feeding valves means comprises hydraulic motors which lift and lower said feeding valve means.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air feeding means comprise an air pump to feed air at ambient temperature.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air feeding means further including a hot air input from a suitable source at the gasifying zone in order to control the temperature thereof.
9 The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mesh means comprise a plurality of grills.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling means of the mesh means including internal pipes inside said mesh means, into which cool water is circulated by means of a pump.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling means of the mesh means including internal pipes inside said mesh means, into which cool air is circulated by means of a pump.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driving means for the mesh means comprise hydraulic motors for alternately introduce or withdraw said mesh means.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means comprise a plurality of gates.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means include driving means.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driving means of the discharging means comprises hydraulic motors which lift and lower said discharging valve means.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding means feed the solid fuel to the gasifying zone, by gravity.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding means feed the solid fuel to the gasifying zone, by an hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the gasifying zone to the discharging zone, by gravity.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the gasifying zone, by an hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the discharging zone to the outside of the apparatus, by gravity.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the discharging zone to the outside of the apparatus, by an hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.
22. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge valve means including driving means which open and close said discharging valve means in order to discharge the coal fraction and the solid fraction from the apparatus.
23. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein gasifying means are placed at a back end of a kiln for producing cement, the hot air input is taken from a tertiary air duct of the kiln, the discharging means discharge the gaseous fraction to a pre-calciner or calciner section of the kiln to substitute primary fuel, and the discharge means discharge the coal fraction to a kiln input to substitute primary fuel and the solid fraction is integrated to a cement clinker, substituting part of iron required in the form of an oxide.
24. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the solid fraction to a feeding conveyor belt of a kiln for the production of cement..
25. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction to a main burner of a kiln for the production of cement.
26. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot air input comes from residual air from a cement clinker cooler and the discharge means discharge the solid fraction outside of the gasifying means, to containers for an application to a recuperator of a kiln for the production of cement having no pre-calciner.
27. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharging means discharge the coal fraction a main burner of a kiln fro the production of cement. having no pre-calciner.
28. A method for fractionating alternative solid fuel, into a gaseous fraction, a coal fraction, and a solid fraction comprising the steps of:
providing an apparatus including a gasifying zone wherein the solid fuels will be partially burned and the volatiles will be emitted;
feeding the alternative solid fuel to the gasifying zone;
providing an air input to the gasifying zone;
partially burning the alternative solid fuels into the gasifying zone until most of the volatiles have been emmitted, coal with a minimum content of volatiles is obtained, and the non combustible solids are separated;
discharging the volatiles from the gasifier for further use;
discharging the resultant coal and solids from the gasifying zone for further use.
29. A method according to claim 7, further comprising providing hot air from a suitable source to the gasifying zone in order to control the temperature in the gasifying zone.
30. A method according to claim 7, wherein the discharging of the resulting coal and solids from the gasifying zone is carried out by gravity.
31. A method according to claim 7, wherein the discharging of the resulting coal and solids from the gasifying zone is carried out by mechanical means.