1. A method of providing weighted grammars for speech recognition in a vehicle navigation system, the method comprising:
receiving grammar for speech recognition, the grammar including a plurality of tokens;
receiving geographical information corresponding to the tokens;
receiving location information indicating the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used;
calculating weights corresponding to the tokens based upon the location information and the geographical information,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) associated with each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=SG(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing input speech with the tokens;
generating confidence scores corresponding to the tokens based upon the comparison; and
modifying the confidence scores based upon the weights associated with the tokens.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein modifying the confidence scores comprises multiplying the confidence scores by their associated weights.
4. A method of providing weighted grammars for speech recognition in a vehicle navigation system, the method comprising:
receiving grammar for speech recognition, the grammar including a plurality of tokens;
receiving geographical information corresponding to the tokens;
receiving location information indicating the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used;
calculating weights corresponding to the tokens based upon the location information and the geographical information,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the population of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) associated with each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=PG(Dcg+C),
where PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant.
5. A method of providing weighted grammars for speech recognition in a vehicle navigation system, the method comprising:
receiving grammar for speech recognition, the grammar including a plurality of tokens;
receiving geographical information corresponding to the tokens;
receiving location information indicating the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used;
calculating weights corresponding to the tokens based upon the location information and the geographical information,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size and population of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) associated with each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=(SG+PG)(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant.
6. A method of providing weighted grammars for speech recognition in a vehicle navigation system, the method comprising:
receiving grammar for speech recognition, the grammar including a plurality of tokens;
receiving geographical information corresponding to the tokens;
receiving location information indicating the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used;
calculating weights corresponding to the tokens based upon the location information and the geographical information,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size, population, and the popularity indices of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) associated with each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=(SG+PG+IG)(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, IG is the popularity index of the location corresponding to the tokens, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant.
7. A speech recognition system for use in a vehicle navigation system, the speech recognition system comprising:
a grammar database storing grammars including tokens corresponding to parts of addresses;
a geographical information database storing geographical information corresponding to the tokens; and
a grammar generator selecting one or more of the tokens and assigning weights to the selected tokens, the weights being determined based upon the geographical information and the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) assigned to each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=SG(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant larger than zero.
8. A speech recognition system for use in a vehicle navigation system, the speech recognition system comprising:
a grammar database storing grammars including tokens corresponding to parts of addresses;
a geographical information database storing geographical information corresponding to the tokens; and
a grammar generator selecting one or more of the tokens and assigning weights to the selected tokens, the weights being determined based upon the geographical information and the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the population of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) assigned to each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=PG(Dcg+C),
where PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant larger than zero.
9. A speech recognition system for use in a vehicle navigation system, the speech recognition system comprising:
a grammar database storing grammars including tokens corresponding to parts of addresses;
a geographical information database storing geographical information corresponding to the tokens; and
a grammar generator selecting one or more of the tokens and assigning weights to the selected tokens, the weights being determined based upon the geographical information and the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size and population of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) assigned to each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=(SG+PG)(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant larger than zero.
10. A speech recognition system for use in a vehicle navigation system, the speech recognition system comprising:
a grammar database storing grammars including tokens corresponding to parts of addresses;
a geographical information database storing geographical information corresponding to the tokens; and
a grammar generator selecting one or more of the tokens and assigning weights to the selected tokens, the weights being determined based upon the geographical information and the location of a vehicle for which the vehicle navigation system is used,
wherein the geographical information includes distances between the vehicle location and locations corresponding to the tokens and the size, population, and the popularity indices of the locations corresponding to the tokens, and the weight (W) assigned to each of the tokens is calculated by:
W=(SG+PG+IG)(Dcg+C),
where SG is the size of the location corresponding to the token, PG is the population of the location corresponding to the token, IG is the popularity index of the location corresponding to the token, Dcg is the distance from the vehicle location to the location corresponding to the token, and C is a predetermined constant larger than zero.
11. The speech recognition system of claim 7, further comprising:
a speech recognition engine comparing input speech with the tokens and generating confidence scores corresponding to the tokens based upon comparison, the speech recognition engine modifying the confidence scores based upon the assigned weights.
12. The speech recognition system of claim 11, wherein the speech recognition engine modifies the confidence scores by multiplying the confidence scores with the assigned weights.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An oral delivery system for delivering a probiotic formulation targeted to the ileum and proximal colon of a subject; the system comprising:
a core comprising a probiotic formulation wherein the probiotic formulation is included in a biodegradable first capsule that is coated with a first enteric coating that encapsulates the first capsule containing the probiotic formulation, and wherein the an enteric coating solubilizes in a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5; and
a second capsule sized to include the coated first capsule, wherein the second capsule is fabricated of a biodegradable material and wherein the second capsule is coated with a second enteric coating that solubilizes in a pH of about 7 to 8, wherein the second capsule releases the first capsule in the ileum and once released the first capsule is solubilized in the proximal colon at a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5 with the release of the probiotic formulation contained therein.
2. The oral delivery system of claim 1 wherein the second enteric coating is substantially insoluble at a pH of less than a range of between about 7.0 to about 8.0 and soluble in the pH range of about 7.0 to about 8.0 and wherein the second enteric coating is comprised of one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, and copolymers of methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
3. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second capsule releases the first capsule in the ileum and once released the first capsule is solubilized in the proximal colon at a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5 with the release of the probiotic formulation.
4. The oral delivery system claim 1, wherein the probiotic formulation comprises at least one to about 30 species or different strains of bacteria that are normally present in a pre-determined location within the gastrointestinal tract of a subject.
5. The oral delivery system of claim 4, wherein the pre-determined location is the ileum or colon.
6. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein the probiotic formulation comprises a mixture of bacterial genera that is reflective of the mixture of strains derived from the ileum of a normal human, and the number of said organisms released is more than 105 and less than 1012.
7. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein the release of the probiotic formulation is in at least two sites of the distal end of the gastrointestinal tract including the ileum and colon of a subject and to thereby ameliorate the imbalance of Clostridium difficile in a subject suffering from such an imbalance.
8. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein said probiotic formulation comprises a live bacterial suspension selected from the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
9. The oral delivery system of claim 8, wherein the probiotic formulation further comprises the organism Faecalibacterium prausnitzii andor Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
10.-11. (canceled)
12. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein the probiotic formulation is used to modify the course of metabolic syndrome associated diseases selected from the group consisting of obesity and type 2 diabetes; or to repair intestinal dysbiosis associated diseases selected from the group consisting of Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD), Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) and metabolic syndrome.
13. (canceled)
14. The oral delivery system of claim 1, wherein the first and second biodegradable capsule is fabricated of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
15.-16. (canceled)
17. A capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system that delivers desirable probiotics or therapeutic agents to the ileum andor proximal colon, the system comprising:
a first capsule containing the desirable probiotics or therapeutic agents, wherein the first capsule is fabricated of a biodegradable material and wherein the first capsule is coated with a first enteric coating that solubilizes in a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5; and
a second capsule being of a size that can include within its dimensions the coated first capsule, wherein the second capsule is fabricated of a biodegradable material and wherein the second capsule is coated with a second enteric coating that solubilizes in a pH of about 7 to 8, wherein the second capsule releases the first capsule in the ileum and once released the first capsule is solubilized in the proximal colon at a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5 with the release of the desirable probiotics or therapeutic agents.
18. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein the second capsule further comprises desirable probiotics for release in the ileum.
19. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein, the desirable probiotics or therapeutic agents within the capsule system are delivered to the ileum andor proximal colon without leakage of such probiotics or therapeutic agents in the proximal areas of the gastrointestinal tract positioned before the ileum andor proximal colon.
20. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein the first andor second enteric coating is comprised of one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, and copolymers of methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
21. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein the second capsule releases the first capsule in the ileum and once released the first capsule is solubilized in the proximal colon at a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5 with the release of the desirable probiotics or therapeutic agents.
22. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein the desirable probiotics comprise at least one to about 30 different species or strains of bacteria that are normally present in a pre-determined location within the gastrointestinal tract of a subject.
23.-27. (canceled)
28. The capsule-in-capsule oral delivery system of claim 17, wherein the first capsule is coated with the first enteric coating comprises about 10 mgcm2 of Eudragit EPO and the second capsule is coated with about 5 mgcm2 of Eudragit L100S100, 7525 mix.
29. A method of treating the onset of a gastrointestinal disorder, the method comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment in a pharmaceutically effective amount of an oral formulation comprising:
a first capsule containing desirable probiotics having beneficial effects on a gastrointestinal disorder, wherein the first capsule is fabricated of a biodegradable material and wherein the first capsule is coated with a first enteric coating that solubilizes in a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5; and
a second capsule being of a size that can include within its dimensions the coated first capsule, wherein the second capsule is fabricated of a biodegradable material and wherein the second capsule is coated with a second enteric coating that solubilizes in a pH of about 7 to 8, wherein the second capsule releases the first capsule in the ileum and once released the first capsule is solubilized in the proximal colon at a pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5 with the release of the desirable probiotics.
30. The method of treating the onset of a gastrointestinal disorder according to claim 29, wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a Clostridium difficile disorder.
31. (canceled)
32. The method of treating the onset of a gastrointestinal disorder according to claim 29, wherein the Clostridium difficile disorder is associated with one or more of a Clostridium difficile infection, an imbalance of Clostridium difficile in the ileum or colon of said subject, diarrhea, inflammation, colitis fever or dysbiosis.
33.-37. (canceled)
38. An oral delivery system to deliver an oral formulation targeted directly to the ileum andor colon of a subject with essentially no loss of the oral formulation before reaching at least the ileum, the system comprising:
a core comprising the oral formulation, wherein the oral formulation comprises probiotics, fecal bacteria for a fecal transplant or a therapeutic agent;
a first enteric coating encapsulating the core, wherein the first coating dissolves in a dissolution pH of about 6.2 to about 6.5;
a second enteric coating encapsulating the first coating, wherein the second coating dissolves in a dissolution pH of about 7 to 8.
39. The oral delivery system of claim 38, further comprising a first biodegradable film layer positioned between the core and first enteric coating.
40. The oral delivery system of claim 39, further comprising a second biodegradable film layer positioned between the first enteric coating and the second enteric coating.
41. The oral delivery system of claim 40, wherein the first and second biodegradable film is hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
42. The oral delivery system of claim 40, wherein the first and second biodegradable film is in the form of a tablet or capsule.
43. The oral delivery system of claim 42, wherein the fecal bacteria is administered for a fecal transplant to treat a Clostridium difficile associated disorder in a subject suffering from such a disorder.
44. (canceled)
45. The oral delivery system of claim 38, wherein the coating is comprised of one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide, chitosan (Chi) stabilized with PVA (poly-vinylic alcohol), a lipid, an alginate, carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), cellulose acetate trimellitiate (CAT), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, color con, food glaze and mixtures of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), shellac, copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, and copolymers of methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate to which a monomer of methylacrylate has been added during polymerization.