1. An exhaust device for a vehicle, comprising:
an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe having a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion of the exhaust pipe is connectable to an engine;
a muffler, wherein the second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the muffler;
an air supply pipe that supplies air to the exhaust pipe, the air supply pipe is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe located within the muffler, wherein at least the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected is substantially linear such that a smooth flow of exhaust gas past the air supply pipe is provided;
a first purification member for purifying exhaust gas, the first purification member forms a portion of the second end portion of the exhaust pipe.
2. The exhaust device of claim 1, wherein the exhaust pipe is substantially linear between the portion to which the air supply pipe is connected and the first purification member.
3. The exhaust device of claim 1, further comprising a second purification member for purifying exhaust gas, wherein the second purification member is located upstream of the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected.
4. The exhaust device of claim 3, wherein the first purification member and the second purification member comprise a catalyst that functions to purify exhaust gas.
5. The exhaust device of claim 3, wherein the exhaust pipe is substantially linear between the first purification member and the second purification member.
6. The exhaust device of claim 3, wherein the second purification member is located within the muffler.
7. The exhaust device of claim 6, wherein the second purification member is positioned near an upstream end of a section of the exhaust pipe that is located within the muffler.
8. The exhaust device of claim 6, wherein the first purification member and the second purification member are spaced at a predetermined distance apart from one another in a longitudinal direction of the muffler.
9. The exhaust device of claim 1, further comprising a separation wall that separates a space inside the muffler into a plurality of regions, and a connection pipe extending through the separation wall and connecting two of the regions separated by the separation wall, wherein the second end portion of the exhaust pipe and the connection pipe overlap one another in a longitudinal direction of the muffler.
10. The exhaust device of claim 1, wherein an axis of the air supply pipe is substantially perpendicular to an axis of the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected.
11. A vehicle, comprising:
an engine;
an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe having a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion of the exhaust pipe configured to receive exhaust gases from the engine;
a muffler, wherein the second end portion of the exhaust pipe is located within the muffler;
an air supply pipe that supplies air to the exhaust pipe, the air supply pipe is connected to a portion of the exhaust pipe located within the muffler, wherein at least the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected is substantially linear such that a smooth flow of exhaust gas past the air supply pipe is provided;
a first purification member for purifying exhaust gas, the first purification member forms a portion of the second end portion of the exhaust pipe.
12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the exhaust pipe is substantially linear between the portion to which the air supply pipe is connected and the first purification member.
13. The vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a second purification member for purifying exhaust gas, wherein the second purification member is located upstream of the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected.
14. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein the first purification member and the second purification member comprise a catalyst that functions to purify exhaust gas.
15. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein the exhaust pipe is substantially linear between the first purification member and the second purification member.
16. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein the second purification member is located within the muffler.
17. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein the second purification member is positioned near an upstream end of a section of the exhaust pipe that is located within the muffler.
18. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein the first purification member and the second purification member are spaced at a predetermined distance apart from one another in a longitudinal direction of the muffler.
19. The vehicle of claim 11, further comprising a separation wall that separates a space inside the muffler into a plurality of regions, and a connection pipe extending through the separation wall and connecting two of the regions separated by the separation wall, wherein the second end portion of the exhaust pipe and the connection pipe overlap one another in a longitudinal direction of the muffler.
20. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein an axis of the air supply pipe is substantially perpendicular to an axis of the portion of the exhaust pipe to which the air supply pipe is connected.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A power line communication (PLC) device comprising:
a processor; and
a memory coupled to the processor, the memory configured to store program instructions executable by the processor to cause the PLC device to:
receive a signal;
apply convolutional encoding to the received signal, the convolutional encoding producing an encoded signal;
perform a subcarrier modulation operation upon the encoded signal, the subcarrier modulation operation producing a modulated signal;
apply symbol-level repetition coding to the modulated signal, the symbol-level repetition coding producing a repetitious signal;
scramble the repetitious signal; and
cause the repetitious signal to be transmitted over a power line.
2. The PLC device of claim 1, wherein the processor includes a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC) circuit, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a microprocessor, or a microcontroller.
3. The PLC device of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the PLC device to:
interleave the encoded signal to produce an interleaved signal prior to performing the subcarrier modulation operation, the subcarrier modulation operation being performed upon the interleaved signal.
4. The PLC device of claim 3, wherein to scramble the repetitious signal, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the PLC device to:
apply a scrambler shift corresponding to a PLC domain where the PLC device is located, the scrambler shift different from another scrambler shift corresponding to another PLC domain.
5. The PLC device of claim 1, wherein to apply the symbol-level repetition coding to the modulated signal, the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the PLC device to:
apply a repetitive pattern to a first set of symbols within the modulated signal for an N number of times, wherein N is an integer; and
apply the repetitive pattern to a second set of symbols within the modulated signal for the N number of times, the second set of symbols occurring later in time than the first set of symbols.
6. The PLC device of claim 1, wherein to apply the symbol-level repetition coding to the modulated signal, the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the PLC device to:
apply a first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a first set of repeated symbols;
apply a second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the first set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the first set of repeated symbols;
apply the first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a second set of repeated symbols, the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols; and
apply the second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the second set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols, and the second repetitive pattern different from the first repetitive pattern.
7. A method comprising:
performing, by a power line communication (PLC) device,
applying convolutional encoding to a PLC signal, the convolutional encoding producing an encoded signal;
interleaving the encoded signal to produce an interleaved signal prior to performing the subcarrier modulation operation;
performing a subcarrier modulation operation upon the encoded interleaved signal, the subcarrier modulation operation producing a modulated signal; and
applying repetition coding to the modulated signal, the repetition coding producing a repetitious signal;
scrambling the repetitious signal using a scrambler shift corresponding to a PLC domain where the PLC device is located, the scrambler shift different from another scrambler shift corresponding to another PLC domain.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein applying the repetition coding further comprises:
applying a first repetitive pattern to a first set of symbols within the modulated signal; and
applying a second repetitive pattern to a second set of symbols within the modulated signal, the second set of symbols occurring later in time than the first set of symbols, and the second repetitive pattern different from the first repetitive pattern.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein applying the repetition coding further comprises:
applying a first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a first set of repeated symbols;
applying a second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the first set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the first set of repeated symbols;
applying the first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a second set of repeated symbols, the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols; and
applying the second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the second set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols, and the second repetitive pattern different from the first repetitive pattern.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution by a power line communication (PLC) device, cause the PLC device to:
apply convolutional encoding to a PLC signal, the convolutional encoding producing an encoded signal;
interleave the encoded signal to produce an interleaved signal;
perform a subcarrier modulation operation upon the interleaved signal, the subcarrier modulation operation producing a modulated signal;
scrambling the repetitious signal prior to transmitting the repetitious signal over the power line;
apply symbol-level repetition coding to the modulated signal, the symbol-level repetition coding producing a repetitious signal; and
transmit the repetitious signal over a power line.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein to apply the symbol-level repetition coding, the program instructions, upon execution by the PLC device, further cause the PLC device to:
apply a first repetitive pattern to a first set of symbols within the modulated signal; and
apply a second repetitive pattern to a second set of symbols within the modulated signal, the second set of symbols occurring later in time than the first set of symbols, and the second repetitive pattern different from the first repetitive pattern.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein to apply the symbol-level repetition coding, the program instructions, upon execution by the PLC device, further cause the PLC device to:
apply a first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a first set of repeated symbols;
apply a second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the first set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the first set of repeated symbols;
apply the first repetitive pattern to a first portion of a second set of repeated symbols, the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the second portion of the first set of repeated symbols; and
apply the second repetitive pattern to a second portion of the second set of repeated symbols, the second portion of the second set of repeated symbols occurring later in time than the first portion of the second set of repeated symbols, and the second repetitive pattern different from the first repetitive pattern.