1. A bi-doped AlN crystal having a thickness of at least approximately 0.1 mm, a diameter of at least approximately 1 cm, and an n-type conductivity greater than approximately 10\u22125 \u03a9\u22121cm\u22121 at room temperature, the bi-doped AlN crystal being doped with both (i) a donor species comprising Si and (ii) an acceptor species comprising at least one of Mg, Be, or Zn.
2. The AlN crystal of claim 1, wherein the conductivity is greater than approximately 3\xd710\u22123 \u03a9\u22121cm\u22121 at room temperature.
3. The AlN crystal of claim 1, wherein a mobility thereof is greater than approximately 25cm2 V\u22121 s\u22121 at room temperature.
4. The AlN crystal of claim 1, wherein a diameter thereof is at least approximately 2 cm.
5. A bi-doped, p-type AlN crystal having a mobility greater than approximately 25 cm2 V\u22121 s\u22121 at room temperature, the bi-doped AlN crystal being doped with both (i) a donor species comprising O and (ii) an acceptor species comprising C, wherein both the donor species and the acceptor species occupy anion lattice sites in the AlN crystal.
6. A bi-doped, single-crystal AlN structure having dimensions of at least 2mm by 2 mm by 1 mm and a conductivity greater than approximately 10\u22125 \u03a9\u22121cm\u22121 at room temperature, the bi-doped AlN structure being doped with both (i) a donor species comprising at least one of Si or O and (ii) an acceptor species comprising at least one of Mg, Be, C, or Zn, wherein the donor species and the acceptor species are present at approximately equal concentrations.
7. A bi-doped AlN crystal doped with both (i) an interstitial dopant species comprising Li and (ii) a substitutional dopant species comprising at least one of Be, Mg, or Zn.
8. The AlN crystal of claim 7, wherein the AlN crystal is substantially intrinsic with a conductivity less than approximately 10\u22122 \u03a9\u22121cm\u22121 at room temperature.
9. The AlN crystal of claim 7, wherein the interstitial dopant species and the substitutional dopant species are present at approximately equal concentrations.
10. The AlN crystal of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the interstitial dopant species is extractable via at least one of annealing, immersing the AlN crystal in molten metal, and applying a voltage to at least a portion of the AlN crystal.
11. The AlN crystal of claim 1, wherein the donor species and the acceptor species are present at approximately equal concentrations.
12. The AlN crystal of claim 1, wherein the AlN crystal is disposed within a semiconductor device.
13. The AlN crystal of claim 5, wherein the donor species and the acceptor species are present at approximately equal concentrations
14. The AlN crystal of claim 5, wherein the AlN crystal is disposed within a semiconductor device.
15. The AlN structure of claim 6, wherein the AlN structure is disposed within a semiconductor device.
16. The AlN crystal of claim 7, wherein the AlN crystal is disposed within a semiconductor device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A cell transduction vector comprising a vector nucleic acid encoding:
a retroviral packaging site;
a first viral inhibitor subsequence;
a splice donor site subsequence;
a splice acceptor site subsequence;
a retroviral Rev binding subsequence; and,
a promoter subsequence;
wherein:
the first viral inhibitor subsequence is located between the splice donor site subsequence and the splice acceptor site subsequence;
the splice donor site subsequence and the splice acceptor site subsequence permit splicing of the first viral inhibitor subsequence from the vector nucleic acid in the nucleus of a cell; and,
the promoter subsequence is operably linked to the first viral inhibitor subsequence.
2-24. (canceled)
25. A cell transduction vector comprising a nucleic acid subsequence encoding an EDN protein, which subsequence is operably linked to a promoter, wherein said cell transduction vector inhibits the replication of a retrovirus in a cell transduced by the cell transduction vector.
26. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector is pBAR-EDN, or a conservative modification thereof.
27. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the cell is a CD4+ cell.
28. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the cell is a stem cell.
29. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector inhibits the replication of HIV in the cell.
30. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector nucleic acid is packaged in a retroviral particle.
31. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector is packaged in a liposome.
32. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector comprises a cell binding ligand selected from the group of cell binding ligands consisting of transferrin, kit-ligand, an interleukin, and a cytokine.
33. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector nucleic acid further encodes a subsequence encoding a retroviral chromosome integration subsequence.
34. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the vector further comprises a multicistronic mRNA which encodes a first open reading frame and a second open reading frame, which multicistronic mRNA is operably linked to a promoter, wherein the dicistronic mRNA comprises a subsequence encoding EDN.
35. The cell transduction vector of claim 25, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of a tetracycline responsive promoter, a probasin promoter, and a CMV promoter.
36. A method of transducing a cell with a nucleic acid encoding a viral inhibitor comprising contacting the cell with the cell transduction vector of claim 1.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the cell is transduced in vitro.
38. A method of inhibiting the growth of HIV in a cell comprising transducing the cell with the cell transduction vector of claim 1.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the cell is isolated from a mammal, and wherein the method further comprises introducing the cell into a mammal.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the cell is selected from the group of cells consisting of transferrin receptor+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.
41. A cell comprising the cell transduction vector of claim 1.
42. The cell of claim 41, wherein the cell is selected from the group of cells comprising CD4+ cells, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, and transferrin receptor+ cells.