1. A method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, each comprising a first electrode film provided on a substrate having an insulating surface, a photoelectric conversion layer comprised of semiconductor thin films and a second electrode film formed on the photoelectric conversion layer, are serially connected, the method comprising steps of:
(a) forming a laminated film by sequentially laminating the first electrode film, the photoelectric conversion layer, the second electrode film on the insulating surface of the substrate without being divided;
(b) forming deep open grooves through the laminated films to the depth of the first electrode film so as to electrically separate the laminated film including the first electrode film;
(c) forming at least one shallow open groove parallel to, but offset from the deep open groove to isolate at least the second electrode film;
(d) removing some portions of the photoelectric conversion layer by etching using the second electrode film with two or more open grooves as a mask to expose the first electrode film at bottom of at least one of the open grooves;
(e) forming an insulating member inside the deep open groove or at the upper part of the deep open groove so as to block the opening thereof; and
(f) filling the open groove where the first electrode film is exposed with a conductive member that extends to adjacent element across the deep open groove.
2. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 1, wherein the open grooves are formed by irradiating laser beams from above the second electrode film.
3. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 2, wherein the deep open grooves are formed by long-wavelength laser beams, while the shallow open grooves are formed by short-wavelength laser beams.
4. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 2, wherein the deep and shallow open grooves are formed by pulsed laser beams with same energy density, and the pulsed laser beams are irradiated longer in time (i.e. more pulses) to form the deep open grooves than to form the shallow open grooves.
5. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 1, the etching is a dry etching using plasma formed by CF4 (carbon tetrafluoride).
6. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 1, the etching is a dry etching using plasma formed by a mixed gas of CF4 and O2 (Oxygen).
7. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 1, the shallow grooves whose bottom exposes the first electrode film are formed so that two or more openings of the shallow open grooves are arranged beside an opening of the deep open groove.
8. The method for manufacturing an integrated type photovoltaic device according to claim 1, the deep open grooves are formed by applying water jet machining from above the second electrode film.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A transducer design, comprising:
a transducer assembly having a frontal area;
a housing having a main port forming a portion of a main volume, wherein the frontal area substantially enclosed by the housing defines at least a portion of the main volume; and
an area defining a back volume, wherein the back volume is contiguous with the main volume.
2. The transducer design of claim 1, wherein a back volume path exits via the main port into the main volume.
3. The transducer design of claim 1, wherein the transducer design further comprises a leak path from the main volume to an external area.
4. The transducer design of claim 1, wherein the transducer design further comprises a barrier within the main volume.
5. The transducer design of claim 4, wherein the barrier is comprised of waterproof felt.
6. The transducer design of claim 4, wherein the transducer design further comprises a transducer sheet metal placed between the transducer assembly and the barrier.
7. The transducer design of claim 1, wherein the main volume is further defined by a user’s ear and an external portion of the housing.
8. A portable electronic product having an improved transducer design, comprising:
a transducer assembly having a frontal area;
a housing of the portable electronic product having a main port forming a portion of a main volume, wherein the frontal area substantially enclosed by the housing defines at least a portion of the main volume; and
an area defining a back volume, wherein the back volume is contiguous with the main volume.
9. The portable electronic product of claim 8, wherein the portable electronic product is selected from the group comprising a portable two-way radio, a cellular phone, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal digital assistant, and a portable radio receiver.
10. The portable electronic product of claim 8, wherein a back volume path exits via the main port into the main volume.
11. The portable electronic product of claim 8, wherein the transducer design further comprises a leak path from the main volume to an external area.
12. The portable electronic product of claim 8, wherein the transducer design further comprises a low audio felt within the main volume.
13. The portable electronic product of claim 12, wherein the transducer design further comprises a transducer sheet metal placed between the transducer assembly and the low audio felt.
14. The portable electronic product of claim 8, wherein the main volume is further defined by a user’s ear and an external portion of the housing.
15. A method of forming a transducer design, comprising the steps of:
forming a main volume in a frontal area of a transducer;
porting the main volume through a housing in front of the transducer;
porting a back volume in an area behind the transducer through the main volume.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises the step of forming a leak path from the main volume to an external area.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the main volume and the back volume are contiguous.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises forming an acoustic impedance area within the main volume using felt.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the method further comprises the step of creating ports from the transducer to the main volume and the from the back volume to the main volume using a transducer sheet metal placed between the transducer assembly and the felt.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the main volume is further defined by a user’s ear and an external portion of the housing.