1. A BPV comprising:
an LSBPV housing;
an LSBPV electric drive system, fixed with respect to the LSBPV housing, structured and located to drive the BPV as an LSBPV; and
a power storage system, fixed with respect to the LSBPV housing, wherein the LSBPV comprises at least one lithium ion superpolymer electrochemical cell.
2. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the LSBPV further comprises at least one aqueous electrochemical cell.
3. The BPV of claim 2 wherein the at least one aqueous electrochemical cell is structured as a lead-acid electrochemical cell.
4. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is structured according to a set of governmental or private regulations for an LSBPV.
5. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is a land vehicle.
6. The BPV of claim 5 wherein the BPV has exactly two wheels structured and located to drive the BPV into motion relative to the land by at least substantially rolling contact between the wheels and the land.
7. The BPV of claim 6 wherein the two wheels are at least substantially aligned along an alignment axis defined to lie at least approximately along the direction of travel of the BPV.
8. The BPV of claim 6 wherein the two wheels are at least substantially aligned along an alignment axis defined to lie at least approximately transverse to the direction of travel of the BPV.
9. The BPV of claim 5 wherein the BPV has exactly four wheels structured and located to drive the BPV into motion relative to the land by at least substantially rolling contact between the wheels and the land.
10. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is designed primarily for recreation.
11. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is designed primarily for sport.
12. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is designed primarily for military applications.
13. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is designed primarily for a person with impaired physical mobility.
14. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV is designed primarily for transportation within one or more of the following types of installations: military base, airport, shopping mall, stadium andor arena.
15. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV housing is designed to accommodate two human passengers.
16. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV housing is designed to accommodate a maximum of one human passenger.
17. The BPV of claim 1 wherein the BPV housing is designed to accommodate a maximum of zero human passengers.
18. A BPV comprising an energy storage system comprising:
at least one non-aqueous electrochemical cell structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion;
at least one aqueous electrochemical cell structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion; and
energy storage system circuitry structured to electrically connect the at least one non-aqueous electrochemical cell in parallel with the aqueous electrochemical cell so that the aqueous electrochemical cell will store andor dissipate at least a portion of the excess electrical energy flowing through the energy storage system during an overvoltage condition.
19. The BPV of claim 18 wherein the aqueous electrochemical cell is structured to dissipate at least a portion of the excess electrical energy flowing through the energy storage system during an overvoltage condition through the chemical mechanism of a chemical cycle involving hydrogen and oxygen.
20. The BPV of claim 18 wherein an aggregate capacity of all aqueous electrochemical cells in the BPV is 5% to 85% of an aggregate capacity of all non-aqueous electrochemical cells in the BPV.
21. The BPV of claim 20 wherein an aggregate capacity of all aqueous electrochemical cells in the BPV is 20% of an aggregate capacity of all non-aqueous electrochemical cells in the BPV.
22. An energy storage system comprising:
a non-aqueous electrochemical cell set, having a first charge point, structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion;
an aqueous electrochemical cell set, having a second charge point, structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion; and
energy storage system circuitry structured to electrically connect the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set with the aqueous electrochemical cell set;
wherein:
the first charge point is substantially similar to the second charge point; and
the first charge point is greater than or equal to the second charge point so that the aqueous electrochemical cell will store andor dissipate at least a portion of the excess electrical energy flowing through the energy storage system during an overvoltage condition.
23. The system of claim 22 wherein:
the aqueous electrochemical cell set comprises a plurality of aqueous electrochemical cells connected in series; and
the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set comprises a plurality of aqueous electrochemical cells connected in series.
24. The system of claim 22 wherein energy storage system circuitry is structured to electrically connect the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set with the aqueous electrochemical cell set in parallel.
25. The system of claim 22 wherein the first charge point is substantially equivalent to the second charge point.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein the first charge point is substantially equal to the second charge point.
27. A BPV comprising an energy storage system comprising:
at least one lithium ion superpolymer electrochemical cell structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion;
at least one aqueous electrochemical cell structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion; and
energy storage system circuitry structured to electrically connect the at least one non-aqueous electrochemical cell in parallel with the aqueous electrochemical cell so that the aqueous electrochemical cell will store andor dissipate at least a portion of the excess electrical energy flowing through the energy storage system during an overvoltage condition.
28. The BPV of claim 27 wherein the lithium ion superpolymer electrochemical cell set includes at least one LiFePO4 electrochemical cell.
29. The BPV of claim 27 wherein the lithium ion superpolymer electrochemical cell set includes at least one electrochemical cell comprising lithium and cobalt in at least one of the electrodes.
30. The BPV of claim 27 wherein the aqueous electrochemical cell set includes at least one lead-acid electrochemical cell.
31. An energy storage system comprising:
a non-aqueous battery module comprising:
a non-aqueous electrochemical cell set, having a first charge point, structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion; and
a non-aqueous battery module housing dimensioned and structured to house the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set;
an aqueous battery module comprising:
an aqueous electrochemical cell set, having a second charge point, structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion; and
an aqueous battery module housing dimensioned and structured to house the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set; and
energy storage system circuitry structured to electrically connect the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set with the aqueous electrochemical cell set.
32. The BPV of claim 31 wherein:
the first charge point is substantially similar to the second charge point; and
the first charge point is greater than or equal to the second charge point so that the aqueous electrochemical cell will store andor dissipate at least a portion of the excess electrical energy flowing through the energy storage system during an overvoltage condition.
33. The BPV of claim 31 wherein the first discharge point is substantially equivalent to the second discharge point.
34. The BPV of claim 31 wherein:
the aqueous electrochemical cell set comprises a plurality of aqueous electrochemical cells connected in series; and
the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set comprises a plurality of aqueous electrochemical cells connected in series.
35. The BPV of claim 31 wherein energy storage system circuitry is structured to electrically connect the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set with the aqueous electrochemical cell set in parallel.
37. The BPV of claim 31 wherein the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set includes at least one lithium ion superpolymer electrochemical cell.
38. The BPV of claim 31 wherein the aqueous electrochemical cell set includes at least one lead-acid electrochemical cell.
39. The BPV of claim 31 wherein the BPV is structured as an LSBPV.
40. The BPV of claim 31 wherein the non-aqueous battery module housing and the aqueous battery module housing are dimensioned to have substantially the same exterior shape and dimensions.
41. A retrofit BPV design method comprising the following steps:
identifying a pre-existing BPV design wherein the BPV comprises a plurality of aqueous electrochemical cell sets, with all electrochemical cell sets of the pre-existing BPV design having only aqueous electrochemical cells;
removing at least one aqueous electrochemical cell set from the BPV; and
replacing the removed aqueous electrochemical cell set with a non-aqueous electrochemical cell set without substantial modifications to any control electronics andor circuitry of the BPV.
42. The method of claim 41 wherein:
the removed aqueous electrochemical cell set is housed within an aqueous battery module housing dimensioned and structured to house the removed aqueous electrochemical cell set so that the aqueous battery module housing is removed from the BPV with the removed aqueous electrochemical cell set at the removing step;
the replacement non-aqueous electrochemical cell set is housed within a non-aqueous battery module housing dimensioned and structured to house the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set so that the non-aqueous battery module housing is replaced into the BPV with the replacement non-aqueous electrochemical cell set at the replacing step;
the non-aqueous battery module housing and the aqueous battery module housing are dimensioned to have substantially the same exterior shape and dimensions.
43. The method of claim 41 further comprising the step of selecting the non-aqueous electrochemical cell set so that the removed aqueous electrochemical cell set and the replacement non-aqueous electrochemical cell set have approximately the same charge points.
44. The method of claim 41 wherein the BPV is an LSBPV.
45. A BPV comprising an energy storage system comprising:
a first battery module structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion, with the first module being characterized by a first pre-charge point and a first charge point;
a second battery module structured to store electrical energy used, at least in part, to drive the BPV into motion, with the second module being characterized by a second charge point, with the second charge point being greater than the first pre-charge point, and with the second charge point being less than the first charge point; and
energy storage system circuitry structured to electrically connect the at least one non-aqueous battery module in parallel with the aqueous battery module.
46. The BPV of claim 45 wherein:
the first module is an aqueous electrochemical cell type module; and
the second module is a non-aqueous electrochemical cell type module.
47. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the first pre-charge point is determined by the eyeball method.
48. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the first pre-charge point is determined by the calculus method.
49. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the first pre-charge point is determined by the relative capacity threshold method.
50. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the relative capacity defining the first pre-charge point is approximately 90%.
51. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the relative capacity defining the first pre-charge point is approximately 99%.
52. The BPV of claim 45 wherein the relative capacity defining the first pre-charge point is approximately 99.9%.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method using a block copolymer (BCP) for making an imprint template containing data regions and non-data regions separated from the data regions, the method comprising:
providing a substrate;
forming a heat sink layer on the substrate only in the data regions;
depositing on the heat sink layer in the data regions and on the substrate in the non-data regions a sublayer for the BCP;
patterning the sublayer into a pattern of stripes and spaces in the data regions and a pattern of features in the non-data regions;
depositing hard mask material only in the non-data regions between the features in the non-data regions by directing hard mask material at an angle relative to the plane of the substrate while rotating the substrate about an axis orthogonal to the plane of the substrate using the stripes as a shadow mask to prevent deposition of hard mask material in the spaces between the stripes in the data regions;
depositing a BCP simultaneously in the data regions and the non-data regions;
selectively heating the BCP only in the data regions, the heat being absorbed by the underlying heat sink material in the data regions, to cause phase separation of the BCP into first and second components in the data regions, wherein there is no phase separation of the BCP in the non-data regions;
removing one of the BCP components in the data regions, leaving the other BCP component in the data regions and leaving the BCP over the features in the non-data regions; and
removing the BCP in the non-data regions leaving the pattern of features in the non-data regions.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein heating the BCP in the data regions comprises directing laser radiation to the BCP in the data regions, the heat generated being absorbed by the underlying heat sink material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein heating the BCP in the data regions comprises directing microwave radiation to the BCP in the data regions and the non-data regions, the microwave radiation being absorbed by the heat sink material underlying the data regions.
4. (canceled)
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after removing one of the BCP components, depositing hard mask material in the data regions between the other BCP component.
6. A method using a block copolymer (BCP) for making a bit-patterned media (BPM) imprint template containing data regions and non-data regions separated from the data regions, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having a heat sink layer only in the data regions;
depositing on the substrate a sublayer for the BCP;
patterning the sublayer into a pattern of stripes in the data regions and a pattern of features in the non-data regions, the stripes being substantially equally spaced and having a stripe pitch of approximately nL0, where n is an integer and L0 is the natural pitch of the BCP, the features being larger than the width of the stripes and the spaces between the features being larger than L0;
depositing hard mask material onto the substrate only in the spaces between the features in the non-data regions by directing hard mask material at an angle relative to the plane of the substrate while rotating the substrate about an axis orthogonal to the plane of the substrate using the stripes as a shadow mask to prevent deposition of hard mask material between the stripes in the data regions;
depositing a BCP having a natural pitch L0 simultaneously over the stripes and spaces in the data regions and over the features and hard mask material in the non-data regions;
heating the BCP in the data regions, the heat being absorbed by the underlying heat sink layer to cause phase separation of the BCP into first and second components in the data regions, wherein there is no phase separation of the BCP in the non-data regions, the BCP in the data regions being guided by the stripes to self-assemble into alternating lines of first and second components of the BCP in the data regions;
removing the lines of one of the BCP components in the data regions, leaving lines of the other BCP component in the data regions and leaving the BCP over the features in the non-data regions;
depositing hard mask material onto the substrate in the spaces between the lines of said other BCP component in the data regions;
removing the lines of the second BCP component in the data regions and the BCP in the non-data regions, leaving hard mask lines in the data regions and hard mask features in the non-data regions;
etching the substrate using the hard mask lines and features as an etch mask; and
removing the hard mask material.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein heating the BCP in the data regions comprises directing laser radiation to the BCP in the data regions, the heat generated being absorbed by the underlying heat sink material.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein heating the BCP in the data regions comprises directing microwave radiation to the BCP in the data regions and the non-data regions, the microwave radiation being absorbed by the heat sink material underlying the data regions.
9. (canceled)
10. The method of claim 6 wherein the stripes are concentric generally circular rings and the stripe pitch is the radial pitch of the rings.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein the stripes are radial bars and the stripe pitch is the circumferential pitch of the bars.
12. The method of claim 6 wherein the data regions are annular sectors and the non-data regions are servo sectors extending radially between the annular sectors.
13. (canceled)