1. A method of making a hydrogel in situ comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first solution comprising either a peroxidase enzyme or a peroxide but not both, and hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules;
b) providing a second solution comprising either the peroxidase enzyme or peroxide not provided in the first solution; and
c) combining the first and second solutions in situ to initiate dihydroxyphenyl cross-linking between the hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules to form the hydrogel.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of integrating the first or second solution, or both, into tissue at a location of interest in situ within a person or animal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 6.25 and 100 mg per mL.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 6.25 and 25 mg per mL, and the rigidity, rheology and texture of the hydrogel ranges from that of a jelly-like composition to a dough-like composition.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is 25 and 100 mg per mL, and the rigidity, rheology and texture of the hydrogel ranges from that of a dough-like composition to a cartilage-like material.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules are tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of the first and second solutions includes a population of viable living cells.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel that is formed includes a population of viable living cells.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the population of viable living cells include cells selected from the group consisting of chondrocytes, progenitor cells, and stem cells.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of the first and second solutions includes one or more bioactive factors.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the bioactive factors include bioactive factors selected from the group consisting of growth factors, hormones, and factors controlling cell differentiation.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the in situ hydrogel is formed in an animal and the hydrogel exhibits little or no degradation after one month within the animal.
13. A method of making a hydrogel in situ comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first solution comprising either a peroxidase enzyme or a peroxide but not both, and tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules;
b) providing a second solution comprising either the peroxidase enzyme or peroxide not provided in the first solution;
c) integrating the first or second solution, or both, into tissue at a location of interest in situ within a person or animal; and
d) combining the first and second solutions in situ to initiate dityrosine cross-linking between the tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules to form the hydrogel;
wherein the concentration of tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 6.25 and 100 mg per mL, wherein the resulting hydrogel includes the population of viable living cells.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the concentration of tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 6.25 and 25 mg per mL, and the rigidity, rheology and texture of the hydrogel range from that of a jelly-like composition to a dough-like composition.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the concentration of tyrosine-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 25 and 100 mg per mL, and the rigidity, rheology and texture of the hydrogel range from that of a dough-like composition to a cartilage-like material.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the population of viable living cells includes cells selected from the group consisting of chondrocytes, progenitor cells, and stem cells.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein one or both of the first and second solutions includes one or more bioactive factors.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bioactive factors include bioactive factors selected from the group consisting of growth factors, hormones, and factors controlling cell differentiation.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein one or both of the first and second solutions includes at least a portion of the population of viable living cells.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein the in situ hydrogel that is formed exhibits little or no degradation after one month within the person or animal.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyl-substituted hyaluronan molecules are tyramine-substituted hyaluronan molecules.
22. A method of making a hydrogel in situ comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first solution comprising either a peroxidase enzyme or a peroxide but not both, and tyramine-substituted hyaluronan molecules;
b) providing a second solution comprising either the peroxidase enzyme or peroxide not provided in the first solution;
c) integrating the first or second solution, or both, into tissue at a location of interest in situ within a person or animal; and
d) combining the first and second solutions in situ to initiate dityramine cross-linking between the tyramine-substituted hyaluronan molecules to form the hydrogel;
wherein the concentration of tyramine-substituted hyaluronan molecules in the first and second solutions, when combined, is between 6.25 and 100 mg per mL, wherein the resulting hydrogel includes the population of viable living cells.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A transmitting apparatus in a visible light communication system, the transmitter comprising:
a controller configured to:
convert a data signal to at least one chromaticity of a set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates, and
convert a training signal to chromaticities corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate of the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates;
an adjusted symbol transmitter configured to transmit the training signal to the controller; and
a transmitter configured to:
pre-emit light having all chromaticities corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate of the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates corresponding to the converted training signal, and
after the pre-emission of the light, emit light having the at least one chromaticity corresponding to the converted data signal by controlling a light intensity of each light source of a plurality of light sources for emitting light in different colors.
2. The transmitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is further configured to repeat the pre-emission of the light having all chromaticities corresponding to the converted training signal through the plurality of the light sources, before the emission of the light having the at least one chromaticity corresponding to the converted data signal.
3. The transmitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is further configured to pre-emit the light having all chromaticities corresponding to the converted training signal through the plurality of the light sources in a predetermined order.
4. A receiving apparatus in a visible light communication system, the receiver comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive pre-emitted light having chromaticities corresponding each chromaticity coordinate of a set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates from a plurality of light sources of a transmitter, and
after receiving the pre-emitted light, receive light emitted from the plurality of light sources of the transmitter, wherein the pre-emitted light comprises a training signal and the emitted light comprises data;
a sync detector configured to:
detect the training signal, and
send a result of the detecting of the training signal to a controller; and
the controller configured to:
set coordinate information representing all of the predetermined chromaticity coordinates based on the chromaticities of the pre-emitted light and the notifying the detection result, and
convert a chromaticity of the received light to the data based on the coordinate information.
5. The receiving apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to set the coordinate information based on the chromaticities of the pre-emitted light received repeatedly through the receiver.
6. The receiving apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to set the coordinate information by allocating the chromaticities of the pre-emitted light received in a predetermined order through the receiver to the predetermined chromaticity coordinates.
7. A receiving apparatus in a visible light communication system, the system comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive a first pre-emitted light having a first chromaticity before receiving the light emitted from a plurality of light sources of a transmitter, and
after receiving the first pre-emitted light, receive light emitted from the plurality of light sources of the transmitter, wherein the first pre-emitted light comprises a training signal and the emitted light comprises data; and
a sync detector configured to:
detect the training signal, and
send the detection result to a controller,
wherein the controller is configured to:
set the first chromaticity to first coordinate information representing part of predetermined chromaticity coordinates,
calculate remaining chromaticity coordinates except for the part of the predetermined chromaticity coordinates using the first coordinate information,
set the calculated remaining chromaticity coordinates to second coordinate information, and
convert a chromaticity of the received light to the data based on the first or second coordinate information and the sent detection result.
8. A method for transmitting data using visible light, the method comprising:
converting a training signal to chromaticities corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate in a set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates;
transmitting the converted training signal by pre-emitting light having the chromaticities corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate in the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates by controlling a light intensity of each light source of a plurality of light sources for emitting light in different colors; and
converting data to at least one chromaticity of the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates; and
transmitting the converted data by emitting light having the at least one chromaticity corresponding to the converted data by controlling light intensity of each of the light sources of the plurality of light sources.
9. A method for receiving data using visible light, the method comprising:
receiving pre-emitted light having chromaticities corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate in a set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates;
detecting a training signal from the pre-emitted light;
setting coordinate information representing all each chromaticity coordinate in the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates based on the chromaticities of the pre-emitted light;
receiving light emitted from a plurality of light sources of a transmitter and setting each chromaticity coordinate in the set of the predetermined chromaticity coordinates; and
converting a chromaticity of the received light to data based on the coordinate information,
wherein the pre-emitted light comprises the training signal and the emitted light comprises the data.
10. A method for receiving data using visible light, the method comprising:
receiving a first pre-emitted light having a first chromaticity from a plurality of light sources of a transmitter;
detecting a training signal from the first pre-emitted light;
setting the first chromaticity to first coordinate information representing part of a set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates;
calculating a remaining set of chromaticity coordinates except for a part of the set of predetermined chromaticity coordinates based on the first coordinate information and setting the calculated remaining set of chromaticity coordinates to second coordinate information;
after receiving the first pre-emitted light from the plurality of light sources of the transmitter, receiving light emitted from the plurality of light sources of the transmitter; and
converting a chromaticity of the received light to data based on the first coordinate information or the second coordinate information,
wherein the first pre-emitted light comprise the training signal and the emitted light comprises the data.