1. A dual linear or circularly polarized patch radiator comprising:
a substrate having first and second opposing surfaces;
a ground plane disposed over the first one of the first and second opposing surfaces of said substrate;
a patch antenna element disposed over a second one of the first and second opposing surfaces of said substrate; and
a pair of excitation circuits with one side of each excitation pair grounded at an appropriate position to provide substantially pure linear excitation and the other side used as to transmit or receive from the patch antenna element.
2. The patch radiator of claim 1 wherein said a patch antenna element comprises:
a substrate having first and second opposing surfaces;
an antenna conductor disposed on a first one of the first and second opposing surfaces of said substrate with first and second slots disposed in a first direction in said antenna conductor and third and fourth slots disposed in a second, orthogonal direction in said antenna conductor.
3. The patch radiator of claim 1 wherein each excitation circuit comprises:
a feed line coupled to said antenna conductor with at least a portion of said feed line crossing one of the slots in said antenna conductor and terminating in a stub region having an open circuit impedance characteristic; and
a tuning circuit disposed a selected distance from the open circuit stub region of said feed line with at least a portion of said tuning circuit crossing one of the slots, said tuning circuit selected to provide an impedance characteristic which establishes resonance with said feed line at a desired frequency.
4. The patch radiator of claim 3 wherein said excitation circuit feed lines are coupled to adjacent sides of said antenna conductor.
5. The patch radiator of claim 3 wherein said tuning circuit is provided as a tuning stub having a shape selected to provide an impedance characteristic which establishes resonance with said feed line at a desired frequency.
6. The patch radiator of claim 5 wherein at least a portion of said tuning stub crosses one of the slots.
7. The patch radiator of claim 5 wherein said feed lines are provided from a conductor having an L-shape and said tuning stubs are provided a conductor having an L-shape.
8. The patch radiator of claim 5 wherein said antenna conductor is provided having a shape corresponding to one of:
a rectangular shape;
a triangular shape;
a semi-circular shape;
a square shape; and
a semi-oval shape.
9. A patch radiator comprising:
a patch antenna element; and
a feed circuit comprising:
a feed line terminating in a stub region having an open circuit impedance characteristic; and
a tuning circuit disposed a selected distance from the open circuit stub region of said feed line with said tuning circuit selected to provide an impedance characteristic which establishes resonance with said feed line at a desired frequency.
10. The patch radiator of claim 9 wherein said a patch antenna element comprises:
a substrate having first and second opposing surfaces;
an antenna conductor disposed on a first one of the first and second opposing surfaces of said substrate with first and second slots disposed in a first direction in said antenna conductor and third and fourth slots disposed in a second, orthogonal direction in said antenna conductor.
11. The patch radiator of claim 10 wherein said tuning circuit is provided as a tuning stub.
12. A phased array antenna comprising:
a plurality of patch radiators, each of said patch radiators comprising:
a patch antenna element; and
a feed circuit comprising:
a feed line terminating in a stub region having an open circuit impedance characteristic; and
a tuning circuit disposed a selected distance from the open circuit stub region of said feed line with said tuning circuit selected to provide an impedance characteristic which establishes resonance with said feed line at a desired frequency.
13. The patch radiator of claim 12 wherein said tuning circuit is provided as a tuning stub having a shape selected to provide an impedance characteristic which establishes resonance with said feed line at a desired frequency.
14. The patch radiator of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of said tuning stub crosses one of the slots.
15. The patch radiator of claim 13 wherein said feed lines are provided from a conductor having an L-shape and said tuning stubs are provided a conductor having an L-shape.
16. The patch radiator of claim 13 wherein said patch antenna element is provided having a shape corresponding to one of:
a rectangular shape;
a triangular shape;
a semi-circular shape;
a square shape; and
a semi-oval shape.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method in a memory unit of a data processing unit for allocating a group bit rate among each line in a group of bonded lines in a communications network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a first module in the memory, first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2) for first and second lines (L1, L2) of the group (G), respectively;
calculating, by a second module in the memory, a splitting ratio (X) of the second actual bit rate to the first actual bit rate (X=ACT2ACT1);
if the splitting ratio (X) is within a predetermined range, determining, by a third module in the memory, ones of first and second minimum bit rates (MIN1, MIN2) and first and second maximum bit rates (MAX1, MAX2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively, from ones of the splitting ratio (X), a group minimum bit rate (MING), a group maximum bit rate (MAXG), and first and second preconfigured minimum bit rates (MINL1, MINL2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively; and,
configuring, by a fourth module the memory, first and second transceivers for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively, with ones of the first and second minimum (MIN1, MIN2) and maximum (MAX1, MAX2) bit rates.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein each line (L1, L2) is an XDSL line and the communications network is one of an Ethernet-based network and an ATM-based network.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the predetermined range is about 4:1.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2) are received from the first and second transceivers while operating in a second rate adaptation mode in which the first and second transceivers train to the first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2), respectively, given the first and second preconfigured minimum bit rates (MINL1, MINL2) and first and second initial maximum bit rates for the first and second lines (L1, L2).
5. The method of claim 3 wherein if the first and second transceivers are to operate in a second rate adaptation mode wherein the first and second transceivers are provided with the first and second minimum (MIN1, MIN2) and maximum (MAX1, MAX2) bit rates and train to first and second bit rates, respectively, and remain at the first and second bit rates, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINLl) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1=X)\xd7MING, MINL1}); the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (i.e., MAX11(1+X)\xd7MING); the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{X(1+X)\xd7MING, MINL2}); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX2=X(1+X)\xd7MING).
6. The method of claim 5 wherein if the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is greater than the first maximum bit rate (MAX1)(i.e., MIN1>MAX1), then: the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of a difference between the group minimum bit rate (MING) and the first minimum bit rate (MING) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{(MING\u2212MIN1), MINL2}); the splitting ratio (X) is of the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) to the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., X=MIN2MIN1); and, if the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than or equal to zero (i.e., MAXD=MAXG\u2212(MIN1+MIN2)\u22670), then: the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX1=MIN1+1(1+X)\xd7MAXD); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX2=MIN2+X(1+X)\xd7MAXD).
7. The method of claim 5 wherein if the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) (i.e., MIN2>MAX2), then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of a difference between the group minimum bit rate (MING) and the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) and the first preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL1) (i.e., MIN1=max {(MING\u2212MIN2), MINL1}); the splitting ratio (X) is of the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) to the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., X=MIN2MIN1); and, if the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than or equal to zero (i.e., MAXD=MAXG\u2212(MIN1+MIN2)\u22670), then: the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX1=MIN1+1(I+X)\xd7MAXD); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX2=MIN2\u2212X(1+X)\xd7MAXD).
8. The method of claim 3 wherein if the first and second transceivers are to operate in a first rate adaptation mode wherein the first and second transceivers are provided with the first and second minimum bit rates (MIN1, MIN2) and first and second planned bit rates (PLANL1, PLANL2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first planned bit rate (PLANL1) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL1}); and, the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second planned bit rate (PLANL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{X(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL2}).
9. The method of claim 3 wherein if the first transceiver is to operate in a first rate adaptation mode wherein the first transceiver is provided with the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) and a first planned bit rate (PLANL1) for the first line (L1) and if the second transceiver is to operate in a second rate adaptation mode wherein the second transceiver is provided with the second minimum (MIN2) and maximum (MAX2) bit rates and trains to a second bit rate and remains at the second bit rate, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first planned bit rate (PLANL1) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL1}); the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max {X(1+X)\xd7MING, MINL2}); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., MAX2=MAXG\u2212MIN1).
10. A system for allocating a group bit rate among each line in a group of bonded lines in a communications network, the system comprising:
a processor coupled to memory and first and second transceivers for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively; and,
modules within the memory and executed by the processor, the modules including:
a module for receiving first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2) for first and second lines (L1, L2) of the group (G), respectively;
a module for calculating a splitting ratio (X) of the second actual bit rate to the first actual bit rate (X=ACT2ACT1);
a module for, if the splitting ratio (X) is within a predetermined range, determining ones of first and second minimum bit rates (MIN1, MIN2) and first and second maximum bit rates (MAX1, MAX2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively, from ones of the splitting ratio (X), a group minimum bit rate (MING), a group maximum bit rate (MAXG), and first and second preconfigured minimum bit rates (MINL1, MINL2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively; and,
a module for configuring the first and second transceivers with ones of the first and second minimum (MIN1, MIN2) and maximum (MAX1, MAX2) bit rates.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein each line (L1, L2) is an XDSL line and the communications network is one of an Ethernet-based network and an ATM-based network.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the predetermined range is about 4:1.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2) are received from the first and second transceivers while operating in a second rate adaptation mode in which the first and second transceivers train to the first and second actual bit rates (ACT1, ACT2), respectively, given the first and second preconfigured minimum bit rates (MINL1, MINL2) and first and second initial maximum bit rates for the first and second lines (L1, L2).
14. The system of claim 12 wherein if the first and second transceivers are to operate in a second rate adaptation mode wherein the first and second transceivers are provided with the first and second minimum (MIN1, MIN2) and maximum (MAX1, MAX2) bit rates and train to first and second bit rates, respectively, and remain at the first and second bit rates, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL1) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1+X)\xd7MING, MINL1}); the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (i.e., MAX1=1(1+X)\xd7MING); the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{X(1+X)\xd7MING, MINL2}); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1)(i.e., MAX2=X(1+X)\xd7MING).
15. The system of claim 14 wherein if the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is greater than the first maximum bit rate (MAX1)(i.e., MIN1>MAX1, then: the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of a difference between the group minimum bit rate (MING) and the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{(MING\u2212MINl), MINL2}); the splitting ratio (X) is of the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) to the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., X=MIN2MIN1); and, if the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than or equal to zero (i.e., MAXD=MAXG\u2212(MIN1+MIN2)\u22670), then: the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX1=MIN1+1(1+X)\xd7MAXD); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX2=MIN2+X(1+X)\xd7MAXD).
16. The system of claim 14 wherein if the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) (i.e., MIN2>MAX2), then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of a difference between the group minimum bit rate (MING) and the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) and the first preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL1) (i.e., MIN1=max {(MING\u2212MIN2) MINL1}); the splitting ratio (X) is of the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) to the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., X=MIN2MIN1); and, if the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is greater than or equal to zero (i.e., MAXD=MAXG\u2212(MIN1+MIN2)>0), then: the first maximum bit rate (MAX1) is given by the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX1=MIN1+1(1+X)\xd7MAXD); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) plus the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) added to the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) (i.e., MAX2=MIN2+X(1+X)\xd7MAXD).
17. The system of claim 12 wherein if the first and second transceivers are to operate in a first rate adaptation mode wherein the first and second transceivers are provided with the first and second minimum bit rates (MIN1, MIN2) and first and second planned bit rates (PLANL1, PLANL2) for the first and second lines (L1, L2), respectively, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first planned bit rate (PLANL1) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL1}); and, the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second planned bit rate (PLANL2) (i.e., MIN2=max{X(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL2}).
18. The system of claim 12 wherein if the first transceiver is to operate in a first rate adaptation mode wherein the first transceiver is provided with the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) and a first planned bit rate (PLANL1) for the first line (L1) and if the second transceiver is to operate in a second rate adaptation mode wherein the second transceiver is provided with the second minimum (MIN2) and maximum (MAX2) bit rates and trains to a second bit rate and remains at the second bit rate, then: the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the first planned bit rate (PLANL1) (i.e., MIN1=max{1(1+X)\xd7MING, PLANL1}); the second minimum bit rate (MIN2) is given by a maximum of the group minimum bit rate (MING) multiplied by the splitting ratio (X) divided by the splitting ratio plus one (X+1) and the second preconfigured minimum bit rate (MINL2) (i.e., MIN2=max {X(1+X)\xd7MING, MINL2}); and, the second maximum bit rate (MAX2) is given by the group maximum bit rate (MAXG) less the first minimum bit rate (MIN1) (i.e., MAX2=MAXG\u2212MIN1).