1. A variable length plastic wall tie for connecting and separating sheet materials used in casting a concrete wall, comprising:
a male part and a female part of the wall tie, the male part having a body having two spaced apart flanges for receiving an insulating sheet, and having a distancing member spaced apart from said two spaced apart flanges and having a neck extending therefrom, said neck being axially slidable in said female part by fitting into an aperture in the female part of the tie, said neck of said male part having two generally parallel surfaces provided with a plurality of male teeth thereon; and wherein said aperture in the female part is provided with two pawls on opposite sides of said aperture, said pawls being positioned to engage with said male teeth of said neck to retain said male part a selected distance from female part, and the female part having two spaced apart flanges for receiving an insulating sheet, and having a distancing member spaced apart from said two spaced apart flanges, and the neck of the male part having wall thickness measurements indicated thereon, the separation of the male part and the female part being adjustable to provide a desired wall thickness by axial sliding movement of said neck of said male part in said aperture of said female part to a separation indicated by the wall thickness measurements.
2. The tie of claim 1, wherein said tie comprises one or more of 90\xb0 angled ties, 135\xb0 angled ties, and T-shape cross ties.
3. The tie of claim 1, wherein said ties are fabricated from polypropylene.
4. The tie of claim 1, wherein the separation of the male part and the female part is adjustable to provide a desired wall thickness of between 14 to 60 cm.
5. The tie of claim 1, wherein said tie comprises a straight tie.
6. The tie of claim 1, wherein said female part has a first set of two pawls located on opposite sides of said aperture, and a second set of two pawls axially separated from said first set of two pawls and on the same opposite sides of said aperture.
7. A wall assembly, comprising:
a plurality of sheet materials held in position by a plurality of variable length plastic wall ties, said wall ties each having a male part and a female part of the tie, the male part having a body having two spaced apart flanges for receiving an insulating sheet, and having a distancing member spaced apart from said two spaced apart flanges and having a neck extending therefrom, said neck having two generally parallel surfaces, and said two parallel surfaces are both provided with a plurality of male teeth thereon, said neck being axially slidable in an aperture in said female part by fitting into the aperture in the female part of the tie, said aperture in the female part having two pawls on opposite sides of said aperture, said pawls being positioned for ratcheting engagement with said male teeth of said neck to retain said male part a selected distance from the female part , the female part having two spaced apart flanges for receiving an insulating sheet, and having a distancing member spaced apart from said two spaced apart flanges and the neck of the male part having wall thickness measurements indicated thereon, the separation of the male part and the female part being adjustable to provide a desired wall thickness by axial sliding movement of said neck of said male part in said aperture of said female part to a separation indicated by the wall thickness measurements.
8. The wall assembly of claim 7, further comprising concrete located between the sheet materials.
9. The wall assembly of claim 7 wherein said ties comprise one or more of 90\xb0 angled ties, 135\xb0 angled ties, and T-shape cross ties.
10. The wall assembly of claim 7, wherein said sheet materials are foam insulation.
11. The wall assembly of claim 7, wherein the separation of the male part and the female part is adjustable to provide a desired wall thickness of between 14 to 60 cm.
12. The wall assembly of claim 7, wherein said tie comprises a straight tie.
13. The wall assembly of claim 7, wherein said female part has a first set of two pawls located on opposite sides of said aperture, and a second set of two pawls axially separated from said first set of two pawls and on the same opposite sides of said aperture.
14. A variable length plastic wall tie for connecting and separating sheet materials used in casting a reinforced concrete wall, comprising:
a male part having a body with three flanges extending therefrom, two of said flanges being axially separated a sufficient distance to receive and retain an insulation foam sheet material, and one of said flanges being a distancing member spaced apart from the other two flanges, and a neck extending from said body, said neck having two generally parallel surfaces, said two parallel surfaces being both provided with a plurality of male teeth thereon;
a female part having three flanges extending therefrom, two of said flanges being axially separated a sufficient distance to receive and retain an insulation foam sheet material, and one of said flanges being a distancing member spaced apart from the other two flanges, and an aperture shaped to receive said neck of said male part; said aperture having two opposing aperture walls provided with pawls adapted to engage said male teeth of said neck;
said neck being axially slidable in said aperture and female part by fitting into an aperture in the female part of the tie, said neck of said male part at least one side thereof, and said aperture in the female part being provided with one or more pawls for ratcheting engagement with said male teeth to hold said female part in position relative to said male part, and the neck of the male part having wall thickness measurements indicated thereon;
the separation of the male part and the female part being adjustable to provide a desired wall thickness by axial sliding movement of said neck of said male part in said aperture of said female part to a separation indicated by the wall thickness measurements.
15. The tie of claim 14, wherein said tie comprises a straight tie.
16. The tie of claim 14, wherein said tie comprise one or more of 90\xb0 angled ties, 135\xb0 angled ties, and T-shape cross ties.
17. The tie of claim 14, wherein said female part has a first set of two pawls located on opposite sides of said aperture, and a second set of two pawls axially separated from said first set of two pawls and on the same opposite sides of said aperture.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An aqueous insulin formulation comprising insulin, a buffer system, an isotonicity agent, a preservative, metal ions, and a non-ionic surfactant selected from at least a polysorbate, a poloxyethylene ether, a polyethylene glycol ether, and mixtures of these surfactants.
2. The aqueous insulin formulation of claim 1, wherein the insulin is human insulin.
3. The aqueous insulin formulation of claim 2, wherein the human insulin is a recombinant insulin.
4. The aqueous insulin formulation, wherein the preservative is selected from at least phenol, m-cresol and mixture of these preservatives.
5. An aqueous insulin formulation comprising insulin, a buffer system, an isotonicity agent, a preservative, metal ions and a non-ionic surfactant selected from at least a polysorbate, a poloxyethylene ether, a polyethylene glycol, and mixtures of these surfactants, wherein the insulin formulation exhibits a physical stability that is greater than or equal to the same insulin formulation containing the non-ionic surfactant Genapol PF-10.
6. The aqueous insulin formulation of claim 1, wherein the insulin concentration is about 2 Uml to about 1000 Uml.
7. The aqueous insulin formulation of claim 6, wherein the insulin concentration is about 400 Uml.
8. An insulin infusion device comprising:
an insulin pump system; and
a surfactant-stabilized insulin formulation including insulin and a non-ionic surfactant selected from at least a polysorbate, a poloxyethylene ether, a polyethylene glycol ether, and mixtures of these surfactants.
9. A method of evaluating the physical stability of a protein formulation comprising:
preparing a statistically relevant number of identical samples of a protein formulation to yield a first sample type, wherein the protein is susceptible to changes in its native conformation yielding non-native conformers of the protein;
preparing a statistically relevant number of identical samples of at least one other protein formulation that differs from the first sample type to yield a second, or more, sample types, wherein the protein is susceptible to a changes in its native conformation yielding non-native conformers of the protein;
adding an agent that yields a change upon binding to a non-native conformer of the protein;
applying a controlled stress on all sample types, wherein the controlled stress applied causes the protein to exhibit a change in its native conformation;
monitoring the samples types to yield time-dependent data that are related to a degree of protein conformational change for each sample type;
applying a survival analysis to the data obtained for each sample type; and
comparing the survival analysis for each sample type to determine the relative physical stability of the protein formulations under evaluation.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the controlled stress is agitation.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the spectroscopic change is a spectroscopic change in fluorescence.
12. The method of claim of claim 9, wherein the protein is insulin and the non-native conformer of the protein is a fibril form of insulin.