What is claimed is:
1. A metal foil-based layered product comprising a metal foil and a porous resin layer formed on the metal foil through a resin film layer, the resin film layer having a thickness of from 0.1 to 15 m.
2. The metal foil-based layered product as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin film layer and the porous resin layer each comprise a polyimide resin.
3. The metal foil-based layered product as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin film layer does not substantially penetrate into pores of the porous resin layer.
4. A process for producing a metal foil-based layered product which comprises the steps of: forming on a metal foil an undercoat film layer comprising a poly(amic acid) which has been imidized at least partly; forming a porous precursor layer on the undercoat film layer by a wet film-forming method using a solution containing a poly(amic acid); and imidizing at least the porous precursor layer.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of forming the undercoat film layer comprises applying a solution containing a poly(amic acid) to the metal foil and then subjecting the resulting coating to drying and imidization.
6. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the undercoat film layer has a thickness of from 0.1 to 15 m.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression, using a continuous electrolytic ion exchange device, comprising:
(a) flowing a basic solution containing an anion sample of interest through a homogeneous cation depletion chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device to suppress said basic solution by way of cation exchange occurring on cation exchange material in said homogeneous cation depletion chamber, wherein said cations are transferred from said homogeneous cation depletion chamber to a heterogeneous anion and cation concentration chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device; and
(b) simultaneously flowing an acidic solution containing a cation sample of interest through a homogeneous anion deletion chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device to suppress said acid solution by way of anion exchange occurring on anion exchange material in said homogeneous anion depletion chamber, wherein said anions are transferred from said homogeneous anion depletion chamber to said heterogeneous anion and cation concentration chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device; and
wherein said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device includes an anode chamber comprising an anode therein, a first cation membrane contiguous with said anode chamber, said homogeneous cation depletion chamber contiguous with said first cation membrane where said homogeneous cation depletion chamber includes said cation exchange materials therein, a second cation membrane contiguous with said cation depletion chamber, said central concentration chamber contiguous with said second cation membrane, said central concentration chamber including therein anion or cation or a mixture of anion and cation exchange materials, a first anion membrane contiguous with said central concentrate chamber, said anion depletion chamber contiguous to said first anion membrane, the anion depletion chamber including said anion exchange materials, a second anion membrane contiguous with said anion depletion chamber, and a cathode chamber comprising a cathode therein which is contiguous with said second anion membrane, and wherein a voltage is applied to achieve ion movements within said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device.
2. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 1, wherein said anion sample of interest is enhanced by conversion to the acid form by way of cation exchange occurring on said cation exchange material in said homogeneous cation depletion chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device.
3. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 2, wherein said enhanced acid form of said anion sample is generated by combination with hydronium.
4. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 3, wherein said hydronium is provided by electrolysis of water occurring in said anode chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device that is located contiguous to said homogeneous cation depletion chamber.
5. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 1, wherein said cation sample of interest is enhanced by conversion to the base form by way of anion exchange occurring on said anion exchange material in said homogeneous anion depletion chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device.
6. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 5, wherein said enhanced base form of said cation sample is generated by combination with hydroxide.
7. A method of simultaneous anion suppression and cation suppression in accordance with claim 6, wherein said hydroxide is provided by electrolysis of water occurring in said cathode chamber of said continuous electrolytic ion exchange device that is located contiguous to said homogeneous anion depletion chamber.
8. A method of simultaneous anion and cation suppression in accordance with claim 1, wherein said basic solution containing said anion sample of interest flows into said homogeneous cation depletion chamber from a first chromatographic separation column, and said acidic solution containing said cation sample of interest flows into said homogeneous anion depletion chamber from a second chromatographic separation column.