What is claimed is:
1. A hapten represented by the following structure:
11
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
2. A hapten according to claim 1 that mimics the transition state of an aldol reaction as found in Class I aldolases.
3. A hapten according to claim 1 wherein n is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or less than or equal to 6.
4. A hapten according to claim 1 wherein n is five.
5. A transition state immunoconjugate represented by the following structure:
12
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
6. A transition state immunoconjugate according to claim 5 wherein n is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6.
7. A transition state immunoconjugate according to claim 5 wherein n is five.
8. A transition state immunoconjugate according to claim 5 wherein the carrier protein is keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
9. A process for producing a catalytic monoclonal antibody for catalyzing an aldol reaction, the process comprising the following steps:
Step A: eliciting an immune response within an immune responsive subject by injecting a sterile solution of a hapten-carrier protein, said hapten-carrier protein including a sulfone -diketone hapten; then
Step B: isolating and cloning an antibody producing cell from the immune responsive subject of said Step A which expresses a catalytic antibody for catalyzing the aldol reaction; and then
Step C: isolating the aldolase catalytic antibody expressed by the antibody producing cell isolated and cloned in said Step B.
10. A process for producing a catalytic monoclonal antibody according to claim 9 wherein the hapten-carrier protein is represented by the following structure:
13
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
11. A process for producing a catalytic monoclonal antibody according to claim 9 wherein n is 5.
12. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions that catalyze an aldol addition reaction produced according to the following method:
Step A: eliciting an aldolase immune response within an immune response subject by vaccination with a sterile solution containing the appropriate concentration of an aldol transition state immunoconjugate, said aldol transition state immunoconjugate including a sulfone -diketone hapten; then
Step B: isolating and cloning an antibody producing cell from the immune responsive subject of said Step A which expresses a catalytic aldolase antibody; and then
Step C: isolating the catalytic aldolase antibody expressed by the antibody producing cell isolated and cloned in said Step B.
13. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the aldol transition state immunoconjugate is represented by the following structure:
14
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
14. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein n of the aldol transition state immunoconjugate is 5.
15. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 85A2, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
16. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 85C7, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
17. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 92F9, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
18. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 93F3, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
19. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 84G3, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
20. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 84G11, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
21. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 84H9, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
22. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 85H6, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
23. Antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions according to claim 12 wherein the antibody producing cell of said Step B is hybridoma 90G8, having ATCC accession number HB ______.
24. An antibody producing cell which secretes antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions that catalyze an aldol addition reaction, the antibody producing cell being produced according to the following method:
Step A: eliciting an aldolase immune response within an immune response subject by vaccination with a sterile solution containing the appropriate concentration of the aldol transition state immunoconjugate, said aldol transition state immunoconjugate including a sulfone -diketone hapten; and then
Step B: isolating and cloning the antibody producing cell from the immune responsive subject of said Step A which expresses a catalytic aldolase antibody.
25. An antibody producing cell according to claim 24 wherein the aldol transition state immunoconjugate is represented by the following structure:
15
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8
26. The antibody producing cell of claim 24 that is a hybridoma.
27. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 85A2.
28. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 85C7.
29. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 92F9.
30. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 93F3.
31. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 84G3.
32. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 84G11.
33. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 84H9.
34. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 85H6.
35. A hybridoma according to claim 24 having ATCC accession number HB ______ which is capable of expressing antibody 90G8.
36. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction between aldehyde and a ketone reactants, wherein the improvement comprises contacting said aldehyde and ketone reactants with antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions that catalyze an aldol addition reaction produced according to the following method:
Step A: eliciting an aldolase immune response within an immune response subject by vaccination with a sterile solution containing the appropriate concentration of an aldol transition state immunoconjugate, said aldol transition state immunoconjugate including a sulfone -diketone hapten; then
Step B: isolating and cloning an antibody producing cell from the immune responsive subject of said Step A which expresses a catalytic aldolase antibody; and then
Step C: isolating the catalytic aldolase antibody expressed by the antibody producing cell isolated and cloned in said Step B.
37. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction according to claim 36 wherein the aldol transition state immunoconjugate of said Step A is represented by the following structure:
16
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8.
38. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction according to claim 36 wherein the ketone is selected from a group consisting of members represented by the following structures:
17
39. An improved process for catalyzing, an aldol reaction according to claim 36 wherein the aldehyde is selected from a group consisting of members represented by the following structures:
18
40. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction between aldehyde and ketone reactants, wherein the improvement comprises contacting said aldehyde and ketone reactants with antibody molecules selected from a group consisting of 85A2, 85C7, 92F9, 93F3, 84G3, 84G11, 84H9, 85H6 and 90G8.
41. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction according to claim 40 wherein the ketone is selected from a group consisting of members represented by the following structures:
19
42. An improved process for catalyzing an aldol reaction according to claim 40 wherein the aldehyde is selected from a group consisting of members represented by the following structures:
20
43. An improved kinetic resolution of -hydroxyketones from a racemic mixture by means of a retro-aldol reaction, wherein the improvement comprises catalyzing said retro-aldol reaction with antibody molecules or molecules containing antibody combining site portions that catalyze an aldol addition reaction produced according to the following method:
Step A: eliciting an aldolase immune response within an immune response subject by vaccination with a sterile solution containing the appropriate concentration of an aldol transition state immunoconjugate, said aldol transition state immunoconjugate including a sulfone -diketone hapten; then
Step B: isolating and cloning an antibody producing cell from the immune responsive subject of said Step A which expresses a catalytic aldolase antibody; and then
Step C: isolating the catalytic aldolase antibody expressed by the antibody producing cell isolated and cloned in said Step B.
44. An improved kinetic resolution of -hydroxyketone according to claim 43 wherein the aldol transition state immunoconjugate of said Step A is represented by the following structure:
21
where n is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8
wherein the acemic mixture is treated with a catalytic amount of the antibody in an aqueous buffer to give a simple ketone, an aldehyde containing a phenyl ring and an enantiomerically enriched -hydroxyketone.
45. An improved kinetic resolution of -hydroxyketones from a racemic mixture by means of a retro-aldol reaction, wherein the improvement comprises catalyzing said retro-aldol reaction with antibody molecules selected from a group consisting of 85A2, 85C7, 92F9, 93F3, 84G3, 84G11, 84H9, 85H6 and 90G8.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of forming a trench field-effect transistor, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a trench in silicon on a substrate;
forming a gate dielectric layer inside the trench, comprising the steps of:
heating the substrate to at least about 1,100\xb0 C. to form a first layer of silicon oxide at least about 100 \u212b thick inside the trench; and
forming a layer of silicon nitride on the first layer of silicon oxide.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the gate dielectric layer forming step further comprises the step of:
forming a second layer of oxide on the layer of silicon nitride.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the second layer of oxide is about 50 \u212b thick.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of:
forming a conductive gate material on the second layer of oxide, the conductive gate material substantially filling the trench.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the layer of silicon nitride is about 120 \u212b thick.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the layer of silicon nitride is a conformal layer of silicon nitride formed using a low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition process.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a body layer on the substrate, the body layer being of opposite conductivity type to that of the substrate, wherein the trench extends through the body layer and into the substrate.
8. A method of forming trench field-effect transistor, the method comprising:
forming a trench in silicon on a substrate;
forming a gate dielectric layer inside the trench, comprising the steps of:
heating the substrate to at least about 1,100\xb0 C. to form a first layer of silicon oxide at least about 100 \u212b thick in the trench;
forming a conformal layer of silicon nitride about 120 \u212b thick on the layer of silicon oxide by a low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition process;
growing a second layer of oxide about 50 \u212b thick on the layer of silicon nitride; and
forming a conductive gate material on the second layer of oxide.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of:
forming a body layer on the substrate, the body layer being of opposite conductivity type to that of the substrate, wherein the trench extends through the body layer and into the substrate.