What is claimed is:
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer, wherein, in the constituents of said photosensitive layer, the ionization potential Ip(2) of a charge transporting material CTM2 is smaller than the ionization potential Ip(1) of a charge transporting material CTM1, and the content ratio M1 (ppm) of the CTM2 to the CTM1 is within the range represented by the following formula (1),
M10.29Ip5.4 Formula (1)
provided that IpIp(1)Ip(2) and Ip(1)>Ip(2).
2. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer, wherein, in the constituents of said photosensitive layer, the ionization potential Ip(2) of a charge transporting material CTM2 is smaller than the ionization potential Ip(1) of a charge transporting material CTM1, and the content ratio M2 (ppm) of the CTM2 to the CTM1 is within the range represented by the following formula (2):
M20.10Ip5.4 Formula (2)
provided that IpIp(1)Ip(2), Ip(1)>Ip(2).
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive lamination consisting of at least a charge generation layer and a charge transporting layer.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said photoreceptor comprises an amine derivative represented by the following general formula 1 the charge transporting material CTM1:
10
wherein Ar1 shows an aryl group which may have a substituent,
Ar2 shows a phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene or anthrylene group which may have a substituent,
R1 shows a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group or lower alkoxy group,
X shows a hydrogen atom, alkyl group which may have a substituent, or aryl group which may have a substituent, and
Y shows an aryl group which may have a substituent, or monovalent group represented by the following general formula 2:
11
wherein R1 shows the same group as described above.
5. A method for producing two or more different electrophotographic photoreceptors using different charge transporting materials in a single production apparatus, wherein the difference Ip between the ionization potential Ip(1) of a charge transporting material CTM1 and the smaller ionization potential Ip(2) of a charge transporting material CTM2 which has been used for the previous production, is represented by the following formula (3),
Ip0.25 eV Formula (3)
provided that IpIp(1)Ip(2) and Ip(1)>Ip(2).
6. A method for producing two or more types of electrophotographic photoreceptors using a single production apparatus and different charge transporting materials, wherein the difference Ip between the ionization potential Ip(1) of a charge transporting material CTM1 and the smaller ionization potential Ip(2) of a charge transporting material CTM2 which is used for the previous production, is represented by the following formula (4):
Ip0.20 eV Formula (4)
provided that IpIp(1)Ip(2) and Ip(1)>Ip(2).
7. The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive lamination consisting of at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
8. The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said photoreceptor comprises an amine derivative represented by the following general formula 1 as charge transporting material CTM1:
12
wherein Ar1 shows an aryl group which may have a substituent,
Ar2 shows a phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene or anthrylene group which may have a substituent,
R1 shows a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group or lower alkoxy group,
X shows a hydrogen atom, alkyl group which may have a substituent, or aryl group which may have a substituent, and
Y shows an aryl group which may have a substituent, or monovalent group represented by the following general formula 2:
13
wherein R1 shows the same group as described above.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of playing a card game, comprising:
providing a collection of cards, each card having a value;
defining a banker playing position corresponding to a banker;
defining at least one player playing position, each player playing position corresponding to a player placing a wager;
dealing four cards to each banker and player at the respective banker and player playing position;
arranging the four cards at each of the banker and player playing positions into a front hand of two cards and a back hand of two cards, wherein during the step of arranging, cards of the banker are handled to remain unexposed to the at least one player playing position;
determining the value of each of the front and back hands by adding the value of the cards within each hand;
defining at least one card in the card collection as a power card; and
after arranging of the cards at the at least one player playing position is completed, moving the cards at the banker playing position so that the cards are exposed to the at least one player playing position;
comparing the value of each banker front and back hand to each respective player front and back hand;
determining whether each player front hand beats, loses to, or ties the banker front hand;
determining whether each player back hand beats, loses to, or ties the banker back hand;
for each player playing position, determining the banker playing position to be the winner if one of the banker front and back hands beats the corresponding one of the player front and back hands, and the other of the banker front and back hands beats or ties the other of the player front and back hands;
for each player playing position, determining the player playing position to be the winner if one of the player front and back hands beats the corresponding one of the banker front and back hands, and the other of the player front and back hands beats or ties the other of the banker front and back hands;
for each player playing position, determining a tie if the player front and back hands each tie with the respective banker front and back hands or if one of the player front and back hands beats the corresponding one of the banker front and back hands but the other of the player front and back hands loses to the corresponding one of the banker front and back hands;
wherein the winning hand is the hand having a ones value closest to nine;
wherein when two hands have the same ones value, but one of the hands includes a power card, the hand having the power card wins; and
the banker and player settling the wager placed by the player based on whether the player playing position or banker playing position is determined to be the winner.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the power card has a value of zero.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the power card has a value matching the value stated on the face of the card.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the collection of cards comprises a plurality of decks of playing cards having at least some of the playing cards removed.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the collection of cards comprises a plurality of decks of playing cards having all ten, jack, queen and king cards removed, and having four Joker cards for each deck, and wherein the Joker cards are the power cards.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein each front hand must have a value less than or equal to the corresponding back hand.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of defining at least one card as the power card is performed prior to dealing the cards.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the collection of cards comprises multiple suits, and defining each card in one of the suits as a power card.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the game comprises multiple cycles of wagering, dealing and determining winners, and wherein a different card or cards may be defined as the power card prior to dealing the cards in each cycle.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the steps of dealing and arranging the cards are performed on a table.
11. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of defining at least one card as the power card is performed prior to dealing the cards.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the game comprises multiple cycles of wagering, dealing and determining winners, and wherein a different card or cards may be defined as the power card prior to dealing the cards in each cycle.
13. A method of playing a card game, comprising:
providing a collection of cards, each card having a value;
defining a first and a second playing position;
dealing a plurality of cards to each of the first and second playing positions to create a first and a second hand corresponding to the first and second playing positions, respectively;
determining the value of each of the first and second hands by adding the value of the cards within each hand;
defining at least one card in the card collection as a power card;
comparing the first hand to the second hand;
determining that the first hand wins if the first hand value exceeds the second hand value;
determining that the second hand wins if the second hand value exceeds the first hand value;
determining a tie if the first and second hands have the same value and neither of the first and second hands comprises the power card; and
if the first and second hands have the same value but one of the first and second hands comprises the power card, determining that the hand comprising the power card wins.
14. The method of claim 13 additionally comprising evaluating the value of the first and second hands prior to comparing the first hand to the second hand, and disqualifying any hand that exceeds an upper value limit from further play.
15. The method of claim 13 additionally comprising evaluating the value of the first and second hands prior to comparing the first hand to the second hand, and modifying the value of each hand to take be the value of the ones digit.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the value of the power card is zero.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the value of the power card is that value shown on its face.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of defining at least one card as the power card is performed prior to dealing the cards.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the game comprises multiple cycles of dealing and determining winners, and wherein a different card or cards may be defined as the power card prior to dealing the cards in each cycle.