1. A method for producing an electrode layer of an electrical device, comprising the following steps:
providing a quantity of nanoparticles from an electrically conductive material, the surfaces of the nanoparticles having a layer of a hygroscopic stabiliser material;
preparing a substrate; and
producing an electrode layer on a surface of the substrate, wherein the nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of the substrate and are tempered in a solvent atmosphere of a polar solvent.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are metal nanoparticles.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are nanowire particles.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the layer consists of a hygroscopic stabiliser material made from a polymer material.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are deposited in a water vapour atmosphere.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tempering in the solvent atmosphere is carried out during deposition andor after the deposition of the nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is thermally unstable above a limit temperature and tempering in the solvent atmosphere is carried out in a temperature range that does not exceed the limit temperature.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a polymer substrate.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is produced from the nanoparticles as an electrode layer of an organic device, in which a stack of layers made from organic materials is arranged between device electrodes that are positioned opposite each other.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is produced as a layer of a device that emits light or absorbs light and is light-transparent in at least one wavelength working range.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is produced on a functional layer that has been deposited on the surface of the substrate beforehand.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electrolytic solution comprising:
a solvent;
an electrolyte salt; and
a sulfone compound shown in Chemical formula 1.
X represents an alkylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4, an alkenylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4, a derivative of alkylene group or a derivative of alkenylene group.
2. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein a content of the sulfone compound is in a range from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %.
3. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the solvent contains at least one selected from the group consisting of chain ester carbonate having a halogen as an element shown in Chemical formula 2 and cyclic ester carbonate having a halogen as an element shown in Chemical formula 3:
R1 to R6 represent a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyl halide group. R1 to R6 may be identical or different. However, at least one of R1 to R6 is the halogen group or the alkyl halide group.
R7 to R10 represent a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyl halide group. R7 to R10 are identical or different, where, at least one of R7 to R10 is the halogen group or the alkyl halide group.
4. The electrolytic solution according to claim 3, wherein the cyclic ester carbonate having a halogen as an element includes at least one of 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one.
5. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the solvent contains a cyclic ester carbonate having an unsaturated bond.
6. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte salt contains at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and compounds shown in Chemical formulas 4 to 6.
LiN(CmnF2m+1SO2)(CnF2n+1SO2)\u2003\u2003Chemical formula 4
m and n represent an integer number of 1 or more. m and n may be identical or different.
R11 represents a straight chain or branched perfluoro alkylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4.
LiC(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2)(CrF2r+1SO2)\u2003\u2003Chemical formula 6
p, q, and r represent an integer number of 1 or more. p, q, and r may be identical or different.
7. A battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution,
wherein the electrolytic solution contains a solvent, an electrolyte salt, and a sulfone compound shown in Chemical formula 7:
\u2003X represents an alkylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4, an alkenylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4, a derivative of alkylene group or a derivative of alkenylene group.
8. The battery according to claim 7, wherein a content of the sulfone compound in the electrolytic solution is in a range from 0.01 wt % to 5 wt %.
9. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the solvent contains at least one selected from the group consisting of chain ester carbonate having a halogen as an element shown in Chemical formula 8 and cyclic ester carbonate having a halogen as an element shown in Chemical formula 9:
R1 to R6 represent a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyl halide group. R1 to R6 are be identical or different, where at least one of R1 to R6 is the halogen group or the alkyl halide group.
R7 to R10 represent a hydrogen group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyl halide group. R7 to R10 are identical or different, where at least one of R7 to R10 is the halogen group or the alkyl halide group.
10. The battery according to claim 9, wherein the cyclic ester carbonate having a halogen as an element includes at least one of 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one.
11. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the solvent contains a cyclic ester carbonate having an unsaturated bond.
12. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the electrolyte salt contains at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and compounds shown in Chemical formulas 10 to 12:
LiN(CmF2+1SO2)(CnF2+1SO2)\u2003\u2003Chemical formula 10
m and n represent an integer number of 1 or more; m and n are identical or different.
R11 represents a straight chain or branched perfluoro alkylene group with the carbon number in the range from 2 to 4.
LiC(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2)(CrF2r+1SO2)\u2003\u2003Chemical formula 12
p, q, and r represent an integer number of 1 or more; p, q, and r are identical or different.
13. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the anode contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon material, lithium metal, and a material containing at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as an element.
14. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the anode contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a simple substance of silicon, an alloy of silicon, a compound of silicon, a simple substance of tin, an alloy of tin, and a compound of tin.
15. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the anode comprises:
an anode current collector; and an anode active material layer provided on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer is formed by at least one method selected from the group consisting of vapor-phase deposition method, liquid phase deposition method, and firing method.