1. A control system comprising:
a first electronic circuit configured to:
apply voltage pulses at a first duty cycle to a heating element of an oxygen sensor;
determine a first temperature of the heating element; and
apply voltage pulses, at a second duty cycle, to heat the heating element to a predetermined temperature in response to the first temperature being greater than a first threshold temperature, wherein the first duty cycle is greater than the second duty cycle;
a second electronic circuit configured to determine a temperature of exhaust gas based on a resistance of the heating element and the second duty cycle; and
a third electronic circuit configured to adjust an operating parameter of an engine to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas when the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than a second threshold temperature, wherein the second threshold temperature is based on a temperature that damages a catalyst in an exhaust system.
2. The control system of claim 1 wherein the second threshold temperature is greater than 800\xb0 C.
3. The control system of claim 1 further comprising the first electronic circuit is further configured to electrically heat the heating element to an operating temperature of the oxygen sensor and that stops electrically heating the heating element when the temperature of the heating element is greater than the operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is less than the second threshold temperature.
4. The control system of claim 1 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to adjust at least one of fuel injection and a position of a throttle to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas.
5. The control system of claim 1 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to determine when combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas to a temperature that is greater than the second threshold temperature.
6. The control system of claim 5 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to adjust the operating parameter of the engine to prevent combustion events on the catalyst.
7. The control system of claim 5 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to determine that combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas based on the resistance of the heating element, wherein the heating element is located downstream from the catalyst.
8. The control system of claim 5 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to determine that combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas based on the resistance of the heating element, wherein the heating element is located upstream from the catalyst.
9. The control system of claim 1 wherein, based on the resistance of the heating element, the third electronic circuit is further configured to determine when heating of the exhaust gas to a temperature that is greater than the second threshold temperature is a result of a load on the engine.
10. The control system of claim 9 wherein the third electronic circuit is further configured to adjust the operating parameter of the engine to decrease the load on the engine.
11. A method comprising:
applying voltage pulses at a first duty cycle to a heating element of an oxygen sensor;
determining a first temperature of the heating element;
applying voltage pulses, at a second duty cycle, to heat the heating element to a predetermined temperature in response to the first temperature being greater than a first threshold temperature, wherein the first duty cycle is greater than the second duty cycle;
determining a temperature of exhaust gas based on a resistance of the heating element and the second duty cycle; and
adjusting an operating parameter of an engine to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas when the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than a second threshold temperature, wherein the second threshold temperature is based on a temperature that damages a catalyst in an exhaust system.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second threshold temperature is greater than 800\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
electrically heating the heating element to an operating temperature of the oxygen sensor: and
stopping electrical heating of the heating element when the temperature of the heating element is greater than the operating temperature, wherein the operating temperature is less than the second threshold temperature.
14. The method of claim 11 further comprising adjusting at least one of fuel injection and a position of a throttle to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas.
15. The method of claim 11 further comprising determining when combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas to a temperature that is greater than the second threshold temperature.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising adjusting the operating parameter of the engine to prevent combustion events on the catalyst.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining that combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas based on the resistance of the heating element, wherein the heating element is located downstream from the catalyst.
18. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining that combustion events on the catalyst resulting from misfires in the engine are heating the exhaust gas based on the resistance of the heating element, wherein the heating element is located upstream from the catalyst.
19. The method of claim 11 further comprising determining, based on the resistance of the heating element, when heating of the exhaust gas to a temperature that is greater than the second threshold temperature is a result of a load on the engine.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising adjusting the operating parameter of the engine to decrease the load on the engine.
21. The control system of claim 1 further comprising at least one of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a processor and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, and a combinational logic circuit that includes the first electronic circuit, the second electronic circuit, and the third electronic circuit.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A digital printer for printing to a recording medium, comprising:
at least one print group with a station to generate charge images of images to be printed on a charge image carrier, and a developer station to ink the charge images on the charge image carrier using liquid developer, the developer station having:
a developer element that inks the charge images on the charge image carrier with toner to develop the charge images,
a feed system to apply the liquid developer onto the developer element, and
a cleaning unit with a cleaning element to clean off residual liquid developer remaining on the developer element after the development of the charge images, and a scraping unit resting on the cleaning element made up of a double blade arranged in a blade mount, said double blade providing a cleaning blade and a sealing blade that together form a blade chamber that is filled with fluid, the cleaning blade having at least one row of holes adjacent to a blade edge of the cleaning blade.
2. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein a diameter of the holes of the row of holes is chosen to be larger in comparison to a diameter of toner particles of the toner.
3. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein a distance of the holes of the row of holes from one another is in a range from 3 to 20 mm.
4. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the row of holes is arranged parallel and adjacent to the blade edge of the cleaning blade.
5. The digital printer according to claim 4 wherein the row of holes is arranged at a distance of 1 to 3 mm from the blade edge of the cleaning blade.
6. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the blade chamber provides a supply point for supply of fluid and a supply point for discharge of fluid, wherein more fluid is supplied to the blade chamber than can discharge via the holes of the row of holes of the cleaning blade, wherein excess fluid drains away via the supply point for the discharge.
7. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the scraping unit and the cleaning element have a same electrical potential.
8. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the blade unit is attached to a blade mount borne such that it can rotate, said blade mount exerting a pre-tension on the scraping unit in a direction of the cleaning element.
9. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the cleaning blade and the sealing blade rest on the cleaning element such that they are pulled by said cleaning element.
10. The digital printer according to claim 1 wherein the cleaning blade and the sealing blade rest on the cleaning element such that the cleaning blade is pulled by the cleaning element and the sealing blade is pushed by the cleaning element.