1. An electrical power control system (1) in an electrical power system, having:
a power control unit (2) for setting electric state variables andor variable parameters in a current conductor, to be controlled, of the electrical power system, having:
means (3) for detecting electric characteristic values (u1) of the current conductor;
a function processor for applying a control function (F1(u1)) from a mathematical set of control functions to the electric characteristic values, and for determining controlled variables (y) for achieving the state variables andor parameters; and
coordination means for determining a control function (F1(u1)) from the set of control functions with the aid of operating states of the electrical power system.
2. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the coordination means has:
a coordination control unit (4), having
means (5) for detecting electric metacharacteristic values (u2) of the electrical power system which characterize the operating state of the electrical power system;
a coordination processor for applying a mapping (G) to the metacharacteristic values (u2) for the purpose of determining an item of selection information (u2) for a suitable control function (F1(u1));
means (6) for transmitting an item of selection information (u2) at a satisfactory rate via the suitable control function (F1(u1)) to the power control unit (2); and
a metafunction control processor in the power control unit (2) for determining the suitable control function (F1(u1)) with the aid of the transmitted item of selection information (u2).
3. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the metafunction control processor has means for applying a metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) which determines the suitable control function (F1(u1)), and the item of selection information (u2) further contains electric metacharacteristic values which are used when applying the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) in order also to determine the controlled variables.
4. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 2 to 3, characterized by a high-speed link (6) between the coordination control unit (4) and the power control unit (2).
5. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the power control unit (2) and the coordination control unit (4) are combined in one device.
6. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coordination processor, the metacontrol function processor andor the function processor are implemented as programs for a data processing system.
7. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the metacharacteristics are at least partially identical to the characteristics.
8. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the metacharacteristics are measured at least partially in other areas of the electrical power system than in the current conductor to be controlled.
9. The electrical power control system as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further has an analyzing system (7) for analyzing the characteristics andor the metacharacteristics, and for checking andor, if appropriate, changing the control functions (F1(u1)), the mapping (G) andor the function of the metafunction control processor as a function of a result of the analysis.
10. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the analyzing system further has means for analyzing external characteristic values (uset), which can be, or are provided by a power management system (8) of the overall electrical power system.
11. The electrical power control system as claimed in one of claims 2 to 10; characterized in that the set of control functions (F1(u1)) is a countable plurality of control functions (F1(u1)) which is determined by a metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)).
12. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the set of control functions constitutes a continuum which is described by a metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)).
13. The electrical power control system (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the control functions (F1(u1)) can regulate the controlled variables (y) such that values of prescribed electric characteristics of the current conductor to be controlled can be kept within prescribed, stable ranges of values, a first control function (F1(u1)) for normal operation being able to comply with first stable ranges of values, and at least one second control function (F1(u1)) for a change in the operating state being able to comply with second stable ranges of values, which also cover the first stable ranges of values.
14. A method for setting electric state variables andor parameters in a current conductor, to be controlled, of an electrical power system, having the following steps:
establishing electric metacharacteristic values (u2);
applying a mapping (G) to the metacharacteristic values (u2) in order to generate an item of selection information (u2) with regard to a control function (F1(u1)) to be applied;
applying the item of selection information (u2) to a metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) which determines a control function (F1(u1)) to be applied from a mathematical set of control functions; and
applying the established control function (F1(u1)) to electric characteristic values (u1) of the current conductor which fixes the controlled variables (y) for controlling the current conductor.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that a control function (F1(u1)) is determined with the aid of the item of selection information (u2), which is built into the control function (F1(u1)) as modulating term.
16. The method as claimed in claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the metacharacteristics (u2) are at least partially identical to the characteristics (u1).
17. The method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the metacharacteristics (u2) are measured at least partially in other areas of the electrical power system than in the current conductor to be controlled.
18. The method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the mapping (G) assigns specific ranges of values to metacharacteristics (u2) of specific items of selection information (u2) for control functions (F1(u1)), and when the metacharacteristic values (u2) belong to a specific range provides the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) with the selection information (u2) belonging to this range.
19. The method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the selection information (u2) further includes electric metacharacteristic values which are used in the application of the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) in order to determine the controlled variables (y).
20. The method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that an analysis is additionally carried out in which the characteristic values andor the metacharacteristic values (u2) are used to check andor, if appropriate, to change the control functions (F1(u1)), the mapping (G) andor the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)).
21. The method as claimed in claim 20, characterized in that a period (TCC) required for carrying out the method from establishing electric metacharacteristics (u2) to applying the fixed control function (F1(u1)) to electric characteristics of the current conductor is shorter than a time interval (TCR) which is provided for carrying out the analysis and for changing the control functions (F1(u1)), the mapping (G) and the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)).
22. The method as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that the period (TCC) is at least one hundred times shorter than the time interval (TCR).
23. The method as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the period (TCC) is at least one thousand times shorter than the time interval (TCR).
24. A controlling system in an electrical power control system (1) for a current conductor to be controlled in an electrical power system, having:
a mathematical set of control functions (F1(u1)) which are capable of keeping electric state variables andor parameters of the controlled current conductor within prescribed, stable ranges, there being provided for normal operation a base control function (F1(u1)) which can keep the electric state variables andor parameters within first prescribed stable ranges, and the further control functions (F1(u1)) having larger stable ranges with reference to these electric state variables andor parameters than the base control function (F1(u1)).
25. The controlling system as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that a metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) can determine one of the control functions (F1(u1)) as the control function (F1(u1)) to be applied, as a function of electric metacharacteristic values (u2) measured in the electrical power system.
26. The controlling system as claimed in claim 25, characterized in that it further has a mapping (G) for mapping the metacharacteristic values (u2) onto an item of selection information (u2) via the control function (F1(u1)) to be applied, and in that the item of selection information (u2) can be applied to the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)), in order to determine the control function (F1(u1)) to be applied.
27. The controlling system as claimed in claim 26, characterized in that the mapping (G) generates an item of selection information (u2) which at the same time has electric metacharacteristic values, and the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) is designed in such a way that these metacharacteristic values can be or are used for modulating the control function.
28. The controlling system as claimed in one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that it further has an analyzing system (7) which can analyze, and if necessary adapt, the control functions (F1(u1)), the metacontrol function (F2(F1(u1), u2)) andor the mapping (G) with regard to the stability to be achieved.
29. The electrical power control system as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, the method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 23, or the controlling system as claimed in one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that it holds for each control function (F1(u1)) from the set of control functions that the following energy function V(T) exists for instants T0:
3
V
(
T
)
V
(
0
)
+
0
T
y
(
t
)
u
(
t
)
t
u(.),T0
and the electrical power system is thereby passive.
30. The electrical power control system as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, the method as claimed in one of claims 14 to 23, or the controlling system as claimed in one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that it holds for each control function (F1(u1)) from the set of the control functions that the following condition is fulfilled for the electrical power system:
{dot over (V)}{dot over (V)}PS{dot over (V)}CO{dot over (V)}CO0
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An illumination device, comprising:
a blue light emitting element that emits blue light;
a light guide member that guides blue light emitted from the blue light emitting element to a light exit surface of the light guide member;
a first color conversion element including a red phosphor that emits red light in response to excitation with the blue light, the first color conversion element being disposed on an optical path between the blue light emitting element and the light guide member; and
a second color conversion element disposed on a light exit surface side of the light guide member and separated from the first color conversion element, the second color conversion element comprising a pair of non-permeable transparent substrates, a transparent bonding layer disposed between the non-permeable transparent substrates, a resin applied onto the transparent bonding layer, and a green phosphor dispersed in the resin for emitting green light in response to excitation with the blue light.
2. An illumination device according to claim 1; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises a diffusion layer containing transparent diffused beads dispersed therein, the diffusion layer being disposed on an upper surface of one of the non-permeable transparent substrates of the second color conversion element.
3. An illumination device according to claim 2; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises another phosphor that is excited with the blue light, a weight ratio of the another phosphor to the green phosphor being equal to or smaller than 30%.
4. An illumination device according to claim 2; wherein the green phosphor comprises a phosphor material composed of a II-group metal thiogallate and a rare-earth dopant.
5. An illumination device according to claim 1; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises another phosphor that is excited with the blue light, a weight ratio of the another phosphor to the green phosphor being equal to or smaller than 30%.
6. An illumination device according to claim 5; wherein the another phosphor is a red phosphor that converts light into red light in response to excitation with the blue light.
7. An illumination device according to claim 6; wherein the red phosphor of the second conversion element includes the same substance as that of the red phosphor of the first conversion element.
8. An illumination device according to claim 7; further comprising a multi-layer film disposed on a rear side of the light guide member and comprised of one of a polyester reflecting sheet and a white polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reflecting sheet.
9. An illumination device according to claim 6; further comprising a multi-layer film disposed on a rear side of the light guide member and comprised of one of a polyester reflecting sheet and a white polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reflecting sheet.
10. An illumination device according to claim 5; wherein the another phosphor is a color phosphor that converts light into orange light in response to excitation with the blue light.
11. An illumination device according to claim 10; further comprising a multi-layer film disposed on a rear side of the light guide member and comprised of one of a polyester reflecting sheet and a white polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reflecting sheet.
12. An illumination device according to claim 5; wherein the another phosphor is a color phosphor that converts light into yellow light in response to excitation with the blue light.
13. An illumination device according to claim 12; further comprising a multi-layer film disposed on a rear side of the light guide member and comprised of one of a polyester reflecting sheet and a white polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reflecting sheet.
14. An illumination device according to claim 5; further comprising a multi-layer film disposed on a rear side of the light guide member and comprised of one of a polyester reflecting sheet and a white polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reflecting sheet.
15. An illumination device according to claim 1; wherein the green phosphor comprises a phosphor material composed of a II-group metal thiogallate and a rare-earth dopant.
16. A display device for illuminating a non-self light emission display element with light emitted from a blue light emitting element, the display device comprising:
a light guide member that guides blue light emitted from the blue light emitting element to a light exit surface of the light guide member;
a first color conversion element including a red phosphor that emits red light in response to excitation with the blue light, the first color conversion element being disposed on an optical path between the blue light emitting element and the light guide member; and
a second color conversion element disposed on a light exit surface side of the light guide member and separated from the first color conversion element, the second color conversion element comprising a pair of non-permeable transparent substrates, a transparent bonding layer disposed between the non-permeable transparent substrates, a resin applied onto the transparent bonding layer, and a green phosphor dispersed in the resin for emitting green light in response to excitation with the blue light.
17. A display device according to claim 16; further comprising a color filter for color display, the color filter including a green colored portion in which transmittance of light of 470 nm or less is equal to or lower than 20% of transmittance of light at a vicinity of 535 nm.
18. A display device according to claim 17; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises another phosphor that is excited with the blue light to emit light, a weight ratio of the another phosphor to the green phosphor being equal to or smaller than 30%.
19. A display device according to claim 16; further comprising a color filter for color display, the color filter including a green colored portion in which transmittance of light of 600 nm or more is equal to or lower than 20% of transmittance of light at a vicinity of 535 nm.
20. A display device according to claim 19; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises another phosphor that is excited with the blue light to emit light, a weight ratio of the another phosphor to the green phosphor being equal to or smaller than 30%.
21. A display device according to claim 16; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises a diffusion layer containing transparent diffused beads dispersed therein, the diffusion layer being disposed on an upper surface of one of the non-permeable transparent substrates of the second color conversion element.
22. A display device according to claim 16; wherein the second color conversion element further comprises another phosphor that is excited with the blue light to emit light, a weight ratio of the another phosphor to the green phosphor being equal to or smaller than 30%.