1. An OTDR having an improved user interface, said user interface comprising:
a setup menu comprising a plurality of user settings capable of displaying information corresponding to a test;
wherein each of said plurality of user settings is capable of displaying information corresponding to a different parameter of the test, and wherein one of said plurality of user settings is a dynamic range setting capable of displaying a dynamic range of the test.
2. The OTDR as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of user settings further comprises an event resolution setting capable of displaying an event resolution of the test.
3. The OTDR as claimed in claim 2, wherein said plurality of user settings further comprises a test duration setting capable of displaying a test duration of the test.
4. The OTDR as claimed in claim 3, wherein said dynamic range setting is further capable of receiving a dynamic range input from a user, and wherein a receipt of the dynamic range input affects at least one of the group consisting of the event resolution of the test and the test duration of the test.
5. The OTDR as claimed in claim 4:
wherein said event resolution setting is further capable of receiving an event resolution input from the user and wherein a receipt of the event resolution input affects the dynamic range of the test; and
wherein said test duration setting is further capable of receiving a test duration input from the user and wherein a receipt of the test duration input affects the dynamic range of the test.
6. The OTDR as claimed in claim 5, wherein said setup menu further comprises a lock dynamic range setting, a lock event resolution setting, and a lock test duration setting, wherein only one of said lock dynamic range setting, said lock event resolution setting, and said lock test duration setting is selectable by the user at a time, and wherein a selection of said lock dynamic range setting locks a dynamic range into said dynamic range setting, a selection of said lock event resolution setting locks an event resolution into said event resolution setting, and a selection of said lock test duration setting locks a test duration into said test duration setting.
7. The OTDR as claimed in claim 6, wherein said dynamic range setting, said event resolution setting, and said test duration setting are displayed in said setup menu with a dynamic range graphical control that indicates a range of possible dynamic ranges of the test, an event resolution graphical control that indicates a range of possible event resolutions of the test, and a test duration graphical control that indicates a range of possible test durations of the test, respectively.
8. The OTDR as claimed in claim 7:
wherein when said lock dynamic range setting is selected, any limits imposed on said event resolution setting and said test duration setting by the dynamic range locked into said dynamic range setting by the selection are displayed on said event resolution graphical control and said test duration graphical control;
wherein when said lock event resolution setting is selected, any limits imposed on said dynamic range setting and said test duration setting by the event resolution locked into said event resolution setting by the selection are displayed on said dynamic range graphical control and said test duration graphical control; and
wherein when said lock test duration setting is selected, any limits imposed on said dynamic range setting and said event resolution setting by the test duration locked into said test duration setting by the selection are displayed on said dynamic range graphical control and said event resolution graphical control.
9. The OTDR as claimed in claim 1, wherein said setup mode further comprises:
a mode setting capable of allowing a user to select a mode for operation of the device, wherein said mode setting comprises the option of an expert mode;
a wavelength setting capable of allowing the user to select at least one laser to be used to measure a fiber network under test; and
a distance range setting capable of allowing the user to select a length of the fiber network under test to be included in an OTDR trace.
10. An OTDR user interface software product for use with an OTDR device, wherein the OTDR device comprises memory and control circuitry, and wherein said OTDR software product is stored in the memory of the OTDR device and is executable by the control circuitry of the OTDR device, said OTDR user interface software product comprising setup menu code for an inclusion of a setup menu in an OTDR user interface, wherein said setup menu code comprises:
a plurality of sets of user setting code for an inclusion of a plurality of user settings capable of displaying information corresponding to parameters of a test, wherein each of the plurality of user settings is capable of displaying in the setup menu information corresponding to a different parameter of the test; and
wherein said plurality of sets of user setting code comprises dynamic range setting code for an inclusion of a dynamic range setting in the setup menu, wherein said dynamic range setting code comprises dynamic range display code for the display of a dynamic range of the test in the dynamic range setting.
11. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said plurality of sets of user setting code further comprises event resolution setting code for an inclusion of an event resolution setting in the setup menu, wherein said event resolution setting code comprises event resolution display code for the display of an event resolution of the test in the event resolution setting.
12. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 11, wherein said plurality of sets of user setting code further comprises test duration setting code for the inclusion of a test duration setting in the setup menu, wherein said test duration setting code comprises test duration display code for the display of a test duration of the test in the test duration setting.
13. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 12, wherein said dynamic range setting code further comprises:
dynamic range input code that allows an input of a dynamic range into the dynamic range setting; and
dynamic range effect code that adjusts the event resolution in the event resolution setting and the test duration in the test duration setting to correspond with the input dynamic range.
14. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 13:
wherein said event resolution setting code further comprises:
event resolution input code that allows an input of an event resolution into the event resolution setting; and
event resolution effect code that adjusts the dynamic range in the dynamic range setting and the test duration in the test duration setting to correspond to the input event resolution; and
wherein said test duration setting code further comprises:
test duration input code that allows an input of a test duration into the test duration setting; and
test duration effect code that adjusts the dynamic range in the dynamic range setting and the event resolution in the event resolution setting to correspond to the input test duration.
15. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 14:
wherein said dynamic range setting code further comprises lock dynamic range setting code that locks a dynamic range into the dynamic range setting;
wherein said event resolution setting code further comprises lock event resolution setting code that locks an event resolution into the event resolution setting;
wherein said test duration setting code further comprises lock test duration setting code that locks a test duration into the test duration setting; and
wherein only one of said lock dynamic range setting code, said lock event resolution setting code, and said lock test duration setting code is executable at a time.
16. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 15:
wherein said dynamic range setting code further comprises dynamic range graphical control code that displays the dynamic range setting as a range of possible dynamic ranges;
wherein said event resolution setting code further comprises event resolution graphical control code that displays the event resolution setting as a range of possible event resolutions; and
wherein said test duration setting code further comprises test duration graphical control code that displays the test duration setting as a range of possible test durations.
17. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 16:
wherein said dynamic range setting code further comprises locked dynamic range limit code that displays any limits imposed on the range of possible event resolutions in the event resolution setting and displays any limits imposed on the range of possible test durations in the test duration setting when said lock dynamic range setting code is executed;
wherein said event resolution setting code further comprises locked event resolution limit code that displays any limits imposed on the range of possible dynamic ranges in the dynamic range setting and displays any limits imposed on the range of possible test durations in the test duration setting when said lock event resolution setting code is executed; and
wherein said test duration setting code further comprises locked test duration limit code that displays any limits imposed on the range of possible dynamic ranges in the dynamic range setting and displays any limits imposed on the range of possible event resolutions in the event resolution setting when said lock test duration setting code is executed.
18. The OTDR user interface software product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said plurality of sets of user setting code further comprises:
mode setting code that displays information on a selection of modes available to a user for the test and allows the selection thereof, wherein said mode setting code comprises expert mode code providing for an expert mode as one of the selection of modes;
wavelength setting code that displays information on available lasers for the test; and
distance range setting code that displays information on a distance range for the test.
19. A method for optimizing OTDR performance on an OTDR device comprising an OTDR user interface comprising a setup menu that comprises a dynamic range setting capable of displaying a dynamic range of a test and receiving a dynamic range input from a user; an event resolution setting capable of displaying an event resolution of a test and receiving an event resolution input from a user; and a test duration setting capable of displaying a test duration of a test and receiving a test duration input from a user; said method comprising the steps of:
providing one of a dynamic range input, an event resolution input, and a test duration input;
observing an effect of the input provided on the other two settings;
optimizing the three settings;
repeating the steps of providing an input, observing the effect, and optimizing until an optimal set of parameters is achieved; and
analyzing a result of the test with the optimal set of parameters.
20. The method as claimed in claim 19, further comprising the step of selecting one of a lock dynamic range setting, a lock event resolution setting, and a lock test duration setting.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for converting an element of a finite field of characteristic q stored in a cryptographic system from a representation in a first basis defined by a first irreducible polynomial to a representation in a second basis defined by a second irreducible polynomial, wherein said representation in said second basic is to be used in a cryptographic scheme, said method comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining said element from said cryptographic system;
b) representing said element of said finite field in said first basis as a polynomial a(x);
c) determining a root r of said second irreducible polynomial;
d) evaluating said polynomial a(x) at said root r to obtain a representation a(r) of a(x) in said second basis for use in said cryptographic system; said evaluation being characterised by the steps of:
e) partitioning said polynomial a(x) into a plurality of component polynomials, such that said polynomial a(x) is recoverable by combining said plurality of component polynomials using the operations of multiplication by x and exponentiation by q;
f) obtaining values of each of said component polynomials by evaluating each of said component polynomials at said root r;
g) computing the value of a(r) from said values of said component polynomials at said root r, using the operations of multiplication by r and exponentiation by q and;
h) providing said representation a(r) in said second basis to said cryptographic scheme.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation of said component polynomials comprises evaluating said component polynomials directly.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation of said component polynomials comprises using Horner’s rule to evaluate said component polynomials.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said polynomial a(x) is partitioned into q component polynomials C0, C1, . . . , Cq\u22121.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said component polynomials are combined using the formula a(r)=(C0(r))q+r(C1(r))q+r2(C1(r))q+ . . . +rq\u22121(Cq\u22121(r))q.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said polynomial a(x) is partitioned into q2 component polynomials C0, C1, . . . , Cq2\u22121.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said component polynomials are combined using the formula
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r
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=
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0
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1
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=
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1
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r
i
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+
qi
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.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said finite field is F2m and said characteristic q is equal to 2.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said polynomial a(x) is partitioned into 2 component polynomials b(x) and c(x).
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said component polynomials are combined using the formula a(r)=(b(r))2+r(c(r))2.
11. A method according to claim 8, wherein said polynomial a(x) is partitioned into 4 component polynomials C0, C1, C2, C3.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said component polynomials are combined using the formula a(r)=(C0(r))2+r(C1(r))2+r((C2(r))2+r(C3(r))2)2.
13. A method according to claim 8, wherein said finite field is F2163.
14. The method of claim 1, in which the evaluation of the component polynomials is further characterised by the steps of:
a) determining a set of exponents of x appearing in the component polynomial, such that all exponents appearing in said component polynomial are q-multiples of the exponents in said set of exponents;
b) computing the exponentiation of r to the exponents in the set of exponents to obtain a first set of exponentiations;
c) computing the exponentiation of r to q-multiples of the exponents in said set of exponents to obtain a second set of exponentiations, the computation using the first set of exponentiations and the operation of exponentiation by q; and
d) combining said first and second sets of exponentiations in accordance with said component polynomial to obtain the value of evaluation of said component polynomial.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said finite field is F2m whereby said characteristic q is equal to 2.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said finite field is F2163.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein a set of exponentiations by odd exponents is precomputed and used for multiple basis conversions.
18. A method according to claim 1 wherein said cryptographic scheme is any one of a key exchange scheme, a signature scheme, and an encryption scheme.
19. A method for evaluating a first irreducible polynomial a(x) at a root r to obtain a representation a(r) of a second irreducible in a second basis, said method to be used in a cryptographic scheme for converting an element of a finite field of characteristic q, stored in a cryptographic system from a representation in a first basis defined by said first irreducible polynomial to a representation in said second basis defined by said second irreducible polynomial, said method for evaluating comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining said first irreducible polynomial a(x) and determining said root r of said second irreducible polynomial from said cryptographic system, said first irreducible polynomial representing said element of said finite field in said first basis;
b) partitioning said first irreducible polynomial a(x) into a plurality of component polynomials, such that said first irreducible polynomial a(x) is recoverable by combining said plurality of component polynomials using operations of multiplication by x and exponentiation by q, said first irreducible polynomial a(x) representing an element of a finite field of characteristic q in a first basis;
c) obtaining values of each of said component polynomials by evaluating each of said component polynomials at said root r;
d) computing the value of a second irreducible polynomial a(r) in a second basis from the values of said component polynomials at said root r using operations of multiplication by r and exponentiation by q and;
e) providing said second irreducible polynomial a(r) to said cryptographic scheme.
20. A method according to claim 19, wherein the computation of said component polynomials further comprises the steps of:
a) determining a set of exponents of x appearing in the component polynomial, such that all exponents appearing in said component polynomial are q-multiples of the exponents in said set of exponents;
b) computing the exponentiation of r to the exponents in the set of exponents to obtain a first set of exponentiations;
c) computing the exponentiation of r to q-multiples of the exponents in said set of exponents to obtain a second set of exponentiations, the computation using the first set of exponentiations and the operation of exponentiation by q; and
d) combining said first and second sets of exponentiations in accordance with said component polynomial to obtain the value of evaluation of said component polynomial.
21. A method according to claim 19 wherein said cryptographic scheme is any one of a key exchange scheme, a signature scheme, and an encryption scheme.
22. In a cryptographic system utilizing a first irreducible polynomial a(x) for converting an element of a finite field of characteristic q stored in said cryptographic system from a representation in a first basis defined by said first irreducible polynomial to a representation in a second basis defined by a second irreducible polynomial, the method of evaluating said first irreducible polynomial a(x) at a root r of said field to obtain a representation a(r) of said second irreducible polynomial in said second basis to be used in a cryptographic scheme comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining said first irreducible polynomial a(x) and determining said root r of said second irreducible polynomial from said cryptographic system, said first irreducible polynomial representing said element of said finite field in said first basis;
b) partitioning said first irreducible polynomial a(x) into a plurality of component polynomials, such that said first irreducible polynomial a(x) is recoverable by combining said plurality of component polynomials using operations of multiplication by x and exponentiation by q, said first irreducible polynomial a(x) representing an element of a finite field of characteristic q in a first basis;
c) obtaining values of each of said component polynomials by evaluating each of said component polynomials at said root r;
d) computing the value of a second irreducible polynomial a(r) in a second basis from the values of said component polynomials at said root r using operations of multiplication by r and exponentiation by q and;
e) providing said second irreducible polynomial a(r) to said cryptographic scheme.
23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the computation of said component polynomials further comprises the steps of:
a) determining a set of exponents of x appearing in the component polynomial, such that all exponents appearing in said component polynomial are q-multiples of the exponents in said set of exponents;
b) computing the exponentiation of r to the exponents in the set of exponents to obtain a first set of exponentiations;
c) computing the exponentiation of r to q-multiples of the exponents in the set of exponents to obtain a second set of exponentiations, the computation using the first set of exponentiations and the operation of exponentiation by q; and
d) combining said first and second sets of exponentiations in accordance with said component polynomial to obtain the value of evaluation of said component polynomial.
24. A method according to claim 22 wherein said cryptographic scheme is any one of a key exchange scheme, a signature scheme, and an encryption scheme.