1. An optical sensor for detecting objects in a detection range, comprising:
at least one transmitter adapted to emit transmitting light rays,
at least one receiver adapted to receive receiving light rays,
an evaluation unit adapted to generate an object detection signal by evaluating the receiving light rays received at the receiver, and
at least one optical element assigned to the transmitter, the at least one optical element adapted to shape the transmitting light rays into a beam, wherein the at least one optical element comprises at least one freeform boundary surface having a geometry derived based on a differential equation from a brightness distribution to be achieved in a plane of the detection range.
2. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises at least two freeform boundary surfaces.
3. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises a plastic injection-molded component.
4. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical element is adapted to shape the transmitting light rays into a beam so as to achieve a homogeneous illumination of the detection range.
5. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical element is adapted to shape the transmitting light rays into a beam in order to generate a predetermined illumination pattern.
6. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a light scanner.
7. The optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises an image-processing sensor.
8. The optical sensor according to claim 1, further comprising an optical element assigned to the receiver, the optical element assigned to the receiver having at least one freeform surface adapted to shape the receiving light rays into a beam.
9. The optical sensor according to claim 8, wherein the freeform boundary surface is adapted to reflect the transmitting light rays andor the receiving light rays.
10. The optical sensor according to claim 8, wherein the optical element is adapted to pass the transmitting light rays andor the receiving light rays through the optical element.
11. The optical sensor according to claim 9, wherein the optical element comprises a mirror element.
12. The optical sensor according to claim 10, wherein the optical element comprises a lens.
13. The optical sensor according to claim 4, wherein the detection range comprises a three-dimensional area.
14. The optical sensor according to claim 4, wherein the detection range comprises a flat surface area.
15. The optical sensor according to claim 7, wherein the receiver comprises a line-type or a matrix-type receiver array.
16. The optical sensor according to claim 7, wherein the sensor comprises a transmitter array that forms an illuminating unit.
17. The optical sensor according to claim 16, further comprising an optical element with a freeform boundary surface assigned to each transmitter.
18. The optical sensor according to claim 16, wherein each transmitter comprises a light-emitting diode positioned inside a casing for the transmitter, and a decoupling lens fitted onto a casing.
19. The optical sensor according to claim 18, wherein the decoupling lens is attached to the casing with an immersion adhesive.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-11. (canceled)
12. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams, and
a plurality of antennas configured for transmitting the packet signal outputted by the output unit.
13. The radio apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
14. The radio apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.
15. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams,
a power amplifier configured for amplifying the packet signal outputted by the output unit; and
a plurality of antennas configured for transmitting the packet signal amplified by the power amplifier.
16. The radio apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
17. The radio apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.
18. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a digital packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the digital packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams,
a D-A conversion unit configured for converting the digital packet signal outputted by the output unit into an analog packet signal;
a power amplifier configured for amplifying the analog packet signal converted by the D-A conversion unit; and
a plurality of antennas configured for transmitting the analog packet signal amplified by the power amplifier.
19. The radio apparatus according to claim 18, wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
20. The radio apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.
21. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams, and
a power amplifier configured for amplifying the packet signal outputted by the output unit.
22. The radio apparatus according to claim 21,
wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
23. The radio apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.
24. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a digital packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the digital packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams,
a D-A conversion unit configured for converting the digital packet signal outputted by the output unit into an analog packet signal; and
a power amplifier configured for amplifying the analog packet signal converted by the D-A conversion unit.
25. The radio apparatus according to claim 24, wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
26. The radio apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.
27. A radio apparatus comprising:
a generation unit configured for
generating a digital packet signal that comprises (1) first known signals assigned to N of M streams (N<M), respectively, (2) second known signals assigned to M streams, respectively, and (3) data assigned to the N of M streams, respectively, the N of M streams each including the first known signal, the second known signal, and the data in that order,
applying cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the N of M streams by timing shift amounts different from each other, the timing shift amounts being given priority and applied to the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams in order of the priority, and applying the cyclic timing shifts to the respective second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams by the timing shift amounts in order of the priority;
an output unit configured for outputting the digital packet signal generated by the generation unit, output timing of the second known signals assigned to the streams other than the N of M streams being different from that of the second known signals assigned to the N of M streams, and
a D-A conversion unit configured for converting the digital packet signal outputted by the output unit into an analog packet signal.
28. The radio apparatus according to claim 27, wherein
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective N of M streams comprises two or more predetermined units in time domain when N\u22672, and signs having priority are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that an orthogonal relationship holds among the N\u22672 streams, and
each of the second known signals assigned to the respective streams other than the N of M streams comprises the two or more predetermined units when the streams other than the N of M streams are two or more, and the signs are respectively assigned to the predetermined units in order of the priority such that the orthogonal relationship holds among the two or more streams other than the N of M streams.
29. The radio apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said generation unit applies the cyclic timing shift to the data and the amount of timing shift for the stream to which the data is assigned is used as the amount of timing shift.