1. A method of using a fastener with an automotive vehicle trim panel and a structural body panel, the method comprising;
(a) attaching the fastener to the automotive vehicle trim panel;
(b) inserting a tapered tip of the fastener into a hole of the body panel;
(c) flexing at least a pair of arms extending from the tip inwardly toward each other during step (b);
(d) deterring compression of the arms at least in part by an internal rib extending from each of the arms; and
(e) inwardly flexing projections triangularly extending adjacent opposite lateral edges of each arm, the projections being spaced from the rib on each arm, relative to each arm, during step (b).
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising making the retainer as a single piece from polymeric material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ribs abut against a central post, and each rib is elongated in an elongated direction of each corresponding arm.
4. An automotive vehicle apparatus comprising:
(a) a vehicular trim member;
(b) a fastener attachable to the trim member, the fastener comprising:
i. a central post elongated in a longitudinal direction;
ii. a laterally enlarged member affixed adjacent a trailing end of the post;
iii. at least a pair of elongated arms each having a first end flexibly coupled to the post and a second end flexibly connected adjacent the laterally enlarged member;
iv. an elongated rib internally extending from each of the arms, each rib being spaced away from the post when in its free position and being moved to an inward position toward the post during arm insertion; and
v. two substantially triangular projections laterally extending from opposite side edges of each of the arms and spaced from the rib.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the laterally enlarged member, post and arms are all a single polymeric material piece.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the post has substantially flat surface segment facing at least one of the arms.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising a first stem and a first head coupled to the laterally enlarged member by the first stem, and the laterally enlarged member having a substantially concave shape adjacent the post.
8. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the triangular projections are located adjacent an exterior notch on each arm.
9. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein each rib is elongated in an elongated direction of the respective arm and has a lateral cross section smaller than that of the adjacent segment of the arm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Method for conversion of a carbon containing fuel to CO2 and H2O comprising:
feeding an air stream to a first ion transport membrane unit comprising a first membrane, a permeate side and a retentate side,
obtaining a pure oxygen stream from the permeate side and an air stream with a reduced oxygen content from the retentate side,
wherein the method further comprises:
feeding the air stream with a reduced oxygen content to a second ion transport membrane unit comprising a second membrane, a permeate side and a retentate side,
feeding a gaseous first carbon containing fuel to the permeate side of the second ion transport membrane,
reacting the first carbon containing fuel within the second ion transport membrane unit with oxygen transported through the second ion transport membrane forming an at least partially combusted first fuel,
feeding the at least partially combusted first fuel, and at least a part of the pure oxygen stream to a combustion chamber for combustion, and obtaining an exhaust stream comprising essentially CO2 and H2O, as hereinbefore defined.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises feeding a second carbon containing fuel to said combustion chamber for combustion.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon containing fuel is only partially combusted in the second membrane unit.
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon containing fuel fed to the permeate side of the second ion transport membrane is fully combusted in the second ion transport membrane.
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises preheating the air stream upstream the first ion transport membrane unit.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein providing heat energy for the preheating by combusting a third carbon containing fuel with a part of the pure oxygen generating a third exhaust stream and combining the third exhaust stream with the exhaust stream.
7. Method according to claim 5, wherein providing heat energy for the preheating by gasifying coal, petcoke or biomass to syngas with a part of the pure oxygen and utilizing the syngas as the gaseous first carbon containing fuel.
8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises generating power by expanding the exhaust stream, and recovering heat from the expanded exhaust.
9. Method according to claim 2, wherein the first carbon containing fuel fed to the permeate side of the second ion transport membrane is fully combusted in the second ion transport membrane.
10. Method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises generating power by expanding the exhaust stream, and recovering heat from the expanded exhaust.
11. System for conversion of a carbon containing fuel to CO2 and H2O comprising:
a first ion transport membrane unit with an air inlet and an outlet for air with reduced oxygen content both in fluid communication with a retentate side of the first ion transport membrane, and a pure oxygen outlet in communication with a permeate side,
wherein the system further comprises:
a second ion transport membrane with an inlet on a retentate side in fluid communication with the outlet for air with reduced oxygen content and an outlet on the retentate side for air with a more reduced oxygen content, a first carbon containing fuel inlet on a permeate side and an at least partially combusted fuel outlet in communication with the permeate side,
a combustion chamber with one or more inlets in fluid communication with the pure oxygen outlet and the at least partially combusted fuel outlet, and an exhaust outlet for generated CO2 and H2O.
12. System according to claim 11, wherein the combustion chamber further comprises a fuel inlet for a second carbon containing fuel.
13. System according to claim 11, wherein the system further comprises a preheater for preheating air comprising a pure oxygen inlet in fluid communication with the pure oxygen outlet, an inlet for carbon containing fuel and an exhaust outlet in fluid communication with the exhaust outlet from the combustion chamber.
14. System according to claim 11, wherein the system further comprises a gasifier for producing syngas comprising a pure oxygen inlet in fluid communication with the pure oxygen outlet, an inlet for coal, petcoke or biomass and a syngas outlet in fluid communication with the first carbon containing fuel inlet on the permeate side of the second ion transport unit.
15. System according to claim 14, wherein the system further comprises a preheater for preheating air where the preheater is a heat exchanger heated by the syngas.
16. System according to claim 11, wherein the system further comprises a gas turbine for expanding the exhaust and generate power and a Heat Recovery Steam Generation system for extracting heat energy.