1. A vapor grown carbon fiber, each fiber filament of the carbon fiber having a branching degree of at least 0.15 occurrences\u03bcm, and wherein the vapor grown carbon fiber has a bulk density of 0.025 gcm3 or less.
2. A vapor grown carbon fiber characterized by comprising carbon fiber filaments, each having a branching degree of at least 0.15 occurrences\u03bcm, in an amount of at least 10 mass %, and wherein the vapor grown carbon fiber has a bulk density of 0.025 gcm3 or less.
3. The vapor grown carbon fiber according to any of claims 1 to 2, which, when compressed so as to have a bulk density of 0.8 gcm3, has a specific resistance of 0.025 \u03a9cm or less.
4. The vapor grown carbon fiber according to any of claims 1 to 2, each fiber filament of the carbon fiber having a diameter of 1 to 500 nm.
5. The vapor grown carbon fiber according to any of claims 1 to 2, which is produced by feeding a raw material solution containing a carbon source and a transition metallic compound into a reaction zone through spraying at a spray angle of 3\xb0 to 30\xb0 and subjecting the raw material solution to thermal decomposition.
6. The vapor grown carbon fiber according to any of claims 1 to 2, which is produced by feeding a raw material solution containing a carbon source and a transition metallic compound into a reaction zone through spraying, while feeding a carrier gas through at least one site other than an inlet through which the raw material solution is sprayed, and subjecting the raw material solution to thermal decomposition.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A distribution connection module, comprising:
a module housing;
a printed circuit board located within the housing;
input contacts, functional elements, an isolating contact, and output contacts arranged in electrical series on the printed circuit board respectively, each of the input, isolating and output contacts being partly located within the housing and accessible from the outside of the housing;
wherein the input contacts each have a first connection end for piercing the insulation of cables or wires and a second connection end, the first connection end being accessible from the outside of the housing and configured for the connection of an external wire, the second connection end being configured to connect to and disconnect from the printed circuit board.
2. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein each of the output contacts includes one of an insulation-displacement contact and an electrical plug connector that is accessible from the outside of the housing.
3. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein the input contacts and the output contacts are located at opposite end faces of the housing.
4. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein the isolating contact includes a first contact portion and a second contact portion that each electrically engage the printed circuit board, and wherein the first contact portion electrically disengages from the printed circuit board when a test connector is inserted into an access opening of the housing.
5. The distribution connection module of claim 4, wherein the isolating contact is configured to electrically interconnect the inserted test connector downstream from the functional elements.
6. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein the functional elements include a ground contact and a surge arrester, the surge arrester being configured to short the input contacts to ground when an overvoltage occurs.
7. The distribution connection module of claim 6, wherein the isolating contact is protected from the overvoltage by the functional elements.
8. The distribution connection module of claim 1, further including an Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) splitter.
9. The distribution connection module of claim 8, wherein the ADSL splitter includes a low-pass filter and an isolating capacitor.
10. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein the first connection ends of the input contacts are insulation displacement contacts and the second connection ends are forked contacts.
11. The distribution connection module of claim 10, wherein the forked contact of each input contact provides an electrical connection with at least one of the functional elements through a force-fitting electrical connection with a contact pad of the printed circuit board.
12. The distribution connection module of claim 11, wherein the force-fitting electrical connections permit a user to slidably detach the input contacts from the printed circuit board so that the printed circuit board can be removed from the housing.
13. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein ground lines are printed on the printed circuit board, the ground lines being accessible from the outside of the housing.
14. The distribution connection module of claim 13, wherein the ground lines printed on the printed circuit board are electrically connected to a ground contact that is accessible from the outside of the housing.
15. The distribution connection module of claim 14, wherein the ground contact is one of a ring and a fork.
16. The distribution connection module of claim 1, wherein the functional elements provide overvoltage protection in the form of a coordinated protection circuit.
17. The distribution connection module of claim 16, wherein the coordinated protection circuit includes a surge arrester, a thermistor, and a diode.
18. The distribution connection module of claim 16, wherein the isolating contact is protected from an overvoltage by the coordinated protection circuit.