1. A method of producing battery grids comprising:
providing a strip of material comprising lead;
removing material from the strip to form a plurality of interconnected grids, each interconnected grid comprising a plurality of wires having opposed ends and joined to at least one of a plurality of nodes, wherein each of the plurality of interconnected grids includes a plurality of vertical grid wires and a plurality of horizontal wires;
deforming at least one of the plurality of wires such that the at least a portion of the deformed wire has a non-rectangular cross-sectional shape; and
applying a lead alloy coating to the strip by immersing the strip in a melt of the lead alloy coating.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the strip comprises a lead-calcium alloy and the coating comprises a lead-tin alloy.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the lead-tin alloy comprises a range from 90 and 99 weight percent lead and a range from 1 and 10 weight percent tin.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the lead-tin alloy further comprises antimony.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the lead-tin alloy comprises a range from 80 and 98 weight percent lead, a range from 1 and 10 weight percent tin, and a range from 1 and 10 weight percent antimony.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying a lead alloy coating to the strip further comprises introducing a gas into the melt of the lead alloy coating while immersing the strip in the melt.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the gas is an inert gas.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein introducing the gas into the melt of the lead alloy coating includes blowing the gas into the melt of the lead alloy coating forming bubbles.
9. A method of making a battery grid comprising:
providing a strip of material comprising lead;
stamping material out of the strip to form a battery grid having a thickness defined by opposed planar surfaces, the battery grid having a frame surrounding a grid network, the grid network comprising a plurality of grid wire elements and nodes interconnecting the grid wire elements to define a plurality of open spaces in the grid network, the grid wire elements and nodes having a substantially rectangular transverse cross section;
deforming at least a portion of the grid network of the battery grid to form a plurality of grid wire elements having a transverse cross-section with a reshaped outer surface and a plurality of nodes having a transverse cross-section with a reshaped outer surface without altering the thickness of the grid wire elements; and
applying a lead alloy coating to the battery grid.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of applying a lead alloy coating to the battery grid comprises immersing the grid in a melt of the lead alloy coating.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of applying a lead alloy coating to the battery grid further comprises blowing an inert gas into the melt of the lead alloy coating while immersing the strip in the melt.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of applying a lead alloy coating to the battery grid comprises spraying a melt of the lead alloy coating on the battery grid.
13. The method of claim 9 further comprising quenching the battery grid in a fluid bath after the step of applying the lead alloy coating to the battery grid.
14. The method of claim 9 further comprising age hardening the battery grid at an elevated temperature after the step of applying the lead alloy coating to the battery grid.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the elevated temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein the strip comprises a lead-calcium alloy and the coating comprises a lead-tin alloy.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the lead-tin alloy comprises a range from 90 and 99 weight percent lead and a range from 1 and 10 weight percent tin.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the lead-tin alloy further comprises antimony.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the lead-tin alloy comprises a range from 80 and 98 weight percent lead, a range from 1 and 10 weight percent tin, and a range from 1 and 10 weight percent antimony.
20. A method of making a battery comprising:
providing a strip of material comprising a lead-calcium alloy;
removing material from the strip to form a plurality of interconnected grids, each interconnected grid comprising a plurality of wires having opposed ends and joined to at least one of a plurality of nodes, wherein each of the plurality of interconnected grids includes a plurality of vertical grid wires and a plurality of horizontal wires;
deforming at least one of the plurality of wires such that the at least a portion of the deformed wire has a non-rectangular cross-sectional shape;
applying a lead-tin alloy coating to the strip;
heating the strip to a temperature above 25 degrees Celsius to age harden the alloy coated strip;
applying battery paste to the strip;
cutting the strip of interconnected battery grids to form a plurality of battery plates; and
assembling the plurality of battery plates into a battery.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for providing an advertisement, the method comprising:
adjusting a minimum incremental unit based on an initial bid price, an input bid price, and a maximum bid price during an auction,
wherein the minimum incremental unit comprises a minimum value of increment to be included in a current input bid price in addition to a previously input bid price.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the input bid price comprises a bid price per unit time, which is input by an advertiser during the auction, and
the bid price per unit time comprises a bid price with respect to a cost necessary to expose the advertisement through one advertisement exposure region for at least one unit time.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting a minimum incremental unit comprises:
determining an accelerated price increase based on the initial bid price, a mean of the input bid prices, and the maximum bid price; and
changing an extent of the minimum incremental unit based on the accelerated price increase.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the minimum incremental unit is increased according to an increase in a maximum value of a bid price being input with progress of the auction.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an advertisement of an advertiser to be exposed for at least one unit time based on a bid price during the auction; and
providing the determined advertisement through a corresponding advertisement exposure region.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the minimum incremental unit is adjusted by time of each bid price being input during the auction.
7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising an executable program, which when executed, performs the method of claim 1.
8. A system using a server for providing an advertisement, the system comprising:
a processor of the server configured to adjust a minimum incremental unit based on an initial bid price, an input bid price, and a maximum bid price during an auction,
wherein the minimum incremental unit comprises a minimum value of increment to be included in a current input bid price in addition to a previously input bid price.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein
the input bid price comprises a bid price per unit time during the auction, and
the bid price per unit time comprises a bid price with respect to a cost necessary to expose the advertisement through at least one advertisement exposure region for at least one unit time.
10. The system of claim 8, further comprising:
a minimum incremental unit configured to adjust modules comprising
an accelerated price increase determining module to determine an accelerated price increase based on the initial bid price, a mean of the input bid price, and the maximum bid price; and
an extent changing module to change extent of the minimum incremental unit based on the accelerated price increase.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the minimum incremental unit is increased according to an increase in a maximum value of a bid price being input associated with progress of the auction.
12. The system of claim 8, further comprising:
an advertisement determining module configured to determine an advertisement of an advertiser to be exposed for at least one unit time based on a bid price input during the auction; and
an advertisement providing module configured to provide the determined advertisement through a corresponding advertisement exposure region.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein the minimum incremental unit is adjusted by time of each bid price being input during the auction.