1. A liquid crystal display device, comprising:
a lower substrate;
an upper substrate opposing the lower substrate;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate;
a pixel region including pixels juxtaposed at a pixel pitch, the pixels each having a length and a width; and
a reflective layer on an inner surface or an outer surface of the lower substrate, the reflective layer including an irregular surface including at least two types of different irregularity groups having different shapes or sizes, each irregularity group having substantially randomly arranged irregularities in plan view, the irregularity groups being substantially randomly arranged in plan view, the different irregularity groups each having a length that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels and a width that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels, and the at least two types of different irregularity groups being disposed within a single pixel in plan view.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, the planar shapes of the irregularity groups being substantially rectangular.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, at least one irregularity being formed at each of the boundaries between the adjacent irregularity groups.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, the planar shapes of the irregularity groups being substantially quadrangular and the shapes of two opposing edges of the irregularity groups are substantially the same.
5. An electronic device, comprising:
the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1.
6. A reflector, comprising:
a substrate;
a reflective layer formed on the substrate; and
a pixel region including pixels juxtaposed at a pixel pitch, the pixels each having a length and a width;
the reflective layer including an irregular surface including at least two types of different irregularity groups having different shapes or sizes, each irregularity group having substantially randomly arranged irregularities in plan view, the irregularity groups being substantially randomly arranged, the different irregularity groups each having a length that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels and a width that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels, and the at least two types of different irregularity groups being disposed within a single pixel in plan view.
7. A liquid crystal display device, comprising:
a lower substrate;
an upper substrate opposing the lower substrate;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate;
a pixel region including pixels juxtaposed at a pixel pitch, the pixels each having a length and a width; and
a reflective layer on an inner surface or an outer surface of the lower substrate, the reflective layer including an irregular surface including a plurality of irregularities, the irregular surface including:
a first pattern of substantially randomly arranged irregularities, the first pattern having a length that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels and a width that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels, and being disposed within a single pixel in plan view; and
a second pattern of substantially randomly arranged irregularities, the second pattern having a length that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels and a width that is shorter than the length or width of the pixels, and being disposed with a single pixel in plan view, both the length and width of the first pattern being different from the length and width of the second pattern,
the irregularities in the second pattern being different from the irregularities in the first pattern; and
a portion of the first pattern and a portion of the second pattern being both disposed within a single pixel in plan view.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A liquid refill system for use with a fragrance composition, said liquid refill system (10) comprising:
a) a child device having a liquid reservoir having a volume (VCR) and an air outlet valve said device having a first portion having a dispensing mechanism and a second portion having a child component of a refill mechanism comprising a child liquid inlet and a child one way liquid inlet refill valve associated therewith;
b) a parent device having a liquid reservoir containing a liquid and an optional air inlet valve said device having a first portion having a parent component of a refill mechanism and a liquid outlet having a one way liquid valve associated therewith,
said parent device having a pump having a pump volume (VPP), in liquid communication with the parent liquid reservoir via a one way liquid inlet valve and in liquid communication with said liquid outlet and optionally having a liquid return valve, wherein the ratio of the volume of the parent pump to the volume of the child reservoir is 12:1 or less.
2. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of said parent pump to said child reservoir is 10:1 or less.
3. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of said parent pump to said child reservoir is substantially 1:1.
4. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein said child dispensing mechanism is a spray pump.
5. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein said parent device comprises a cavity to accommodate at least a portion of said child device.
6. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein said parent device further comprises a liquid return valve and liquid outlet
7. The liquid refill system according to claim 1, wherein the parent liquid reservoir has a liquid capacity of 100 ml or less.
8. A method of refilling the liquid refill system according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
i) releasably coupling the child component of the refill mechanism to the parent component of the refill mechanism and actuating the parent pump at least once to form a seal around a liquid pathway which extends from the parent outlet to the child liquid inlet and the child one way liquid inlet refill valve of the child reservoir through which the liquid contained in the parent pump is transferred to the child reservoir, whilst air is expelled from the child reservoir via the child air outlet valve, and upon termination of the actuation of the parent pump, the seal and the liquid pathway are disconnected, and the parent pump refills with liquid from the parent reservoir via the parent one way liquid inlet valve and inlet, and air enters the parent reservoir via the air inlet valve; and
ii) decoupling the child component of the refill mechanism from the parent component of the refill mechanism.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said child component of the refill mechanism is releasably coupled to the parent component of the refill mechanism in a substantially co-linear configuration.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein said parent pump is activated at least twice.