1. A charging device for charging a battery of a battery-operated electric drive, the charging device comprising:
a step-down converter which is connectable to a one- or three-phase AC network and is designed to provide a rectified current at its outputs;
an intermediate circuit which is electrically connectable to at least one output of the step-down converter and has at least one inductor for smoothing the current; and
a step-up converter which is designed to be electrically connected to the step-down converter at least one input via the intermediate circuit and is electrically connected to the battery at its outputs and which is suitable for converting the voltage provided by the step-down converter andor the intermediate circuit into an equally high or higher voltage for charging the battery,
wherein
the step-up converter is formed by the drive converter of the electric drive and the intermediate circuit is formed by an electric motor of the electric drive, the electric motor including at least three coils which are connected to each other in a delta configuration; and
during charging of the battery, a first connection of the coil of the electric motor is electrically connected to the step-down converter, and a switch ensures that, during charging of the battery, half of the respective charging current flows on average over time through one of the coils of the electric motor, and, during the operation of the electric motor, the switch electrically connects the same connection of the coil to the step-up converter.
2. The charging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric motor comprises at least three coils which are connected to each other in a star configuration or in a delta configuration.
3. The charging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switch ensures that during charging of the battery, all charging current flows through one of the coils of the electric motor.
4. The charging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least three coils of the electric motor are connected to each other in a star configuration and only connections to the at least three coils of the electric motor exist from the neutral point.
5. A method for providing a charging device for a battery of a battery-operated electric drive, having the steps of:
providing a step-down converter which is connectable to an AC network and is able to provide a rectified current of equal or lower voltage at its outputs;
providing an intermediate circuit which is connectable to the outputs of the step-down converter and has coils for smoothing the rectified current;
providing a step-up converter which is able to convert the smoothed current of the intermediate storage into a current having equal or higher voltage and is connected to the battery,
wherein an electric motor of the electric drive, the electric motor including at least three coils which are connected to each other in a delta configuration, is used to provide the intermediate storage and wherein the drive converter of the electric drive is used to provide the step-up converter; and
wherein during charging of the battery, a first connection of a coil of the electric motor is electrically connected to the step-down converter, and a switch ensures that, during charging of the battery, half of the respective charging current flows on average over time through one of the coils of the electric motor, and, wherein during the operation of the electric motor, the switch connects the same connection of the coil electrically to the step-up converter.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein during charging of the battery, all charging current flows through one of the coils of the electric motor.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least three coils or inductors of the electric motor are connected to each other in a star configuration and only connections to the at least three coils of the electric motor exist from the neutral point.
8. The use of a drive converter and an electric motor of an electric drive in a charging device for charging the battery of the electric drive, wherein
the electric motor includes at least three coils which are connected to each other in a delta configuration;
a step-down converter is connectable to a one- or three-phase AC network and is designed to provide a rectified current at its outputs;
the drive converter is used as a step-up converter and the electric motor is used as an intermediate circuit;
the intermediate circuit is electrically connectable to at least one output of the step-down converter and has at least one inductor for smoothing the current;
the step-up converter is designed to be electrically connected to the step-down converter at least one input via the intermediate circuit and is electrically connected to the battery at its outputs and is suitable for converting the voltage provided by the step-down converter andor the current intermediate circuit into an equally high or higher voltage for charging the battery;
during charging of the battery, a first connection of a coil of the electric motor is electrically connected to the step-down converter; and
wherein a switch is used to ensure that, during charging of the battery, half of the respective charging current flows on average over time through one of the coils of the electric motor, and, during the operation of the electric motor, the switch is suitable for electrically connecting the same connection of the coil to the step-up converter.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for making a precursor compound comprising:
a) providing monomer compounds MB1(ER)3, MB2(ER)3, and MA(ER); and
b) contacting the monomer compounds with each other;
wherein MB1 is In, MB2 is Ga, MA is Cu, each E is S, Se, or Te, and R is independently selected, for each occurrence, from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, amido, silyl, and inorganic and organic ligands.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is a CIGS precursor compound.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is deficient in Cu or enriched in Cu.
4. A compound made by a process comprising reacting monomers MB1(ER)3, MB2(ER)3, and MA(ER), wherein MB1 is In, MB2 is Ga, MA is Cu, each E is S, Se, or Te, and R is independently selected, for each occurrence, from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, amido, silyl, and inorganic and organic ligands.
5. The compound of claim 4, wherein each E is sulfur or selenium.
6. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound is a CIGS precursor compound.
7. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound has the empirical formula Cux(In1-yGay)v((S1-zSez)R)w, wherein x is from 0.5 to 1.5, y is between 0 and 1, z is from 0 to 1, v is from 0.5 to 1.5, w is from 2 to 6, and R represents R groups, of which there are w in number, which are independently selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, amido, silyl, and inorganic and organic ligands.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein x is from 0.7 to 1.2, y is between 0 and 0.5, z is from 0.5 to 1, v is from 0.9 to 1.1, and w is from 2 to 6.
9. The compound of claim 7, wherein x is from 0.7 to 1.2, y is between 0 and 0.5, z is from 0.7 to 1, v is 1, and w is from 3 to 5.
10. The compound of claim 7, wherein x is from 0.7 to 1.2, y is between 0 and 0.5, z is from 0.8 to 1, v is 1, and w is from 3.5 to 4.5.
11. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound is deficient in Cu.
12. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound is linear, branched, cyclic, an alternating copolymer, a block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a mixture of any of the foregoing.
13. The compound of claim 4, wherein each R is independently selected, for each occurrence, from (C1-8)alkyl.
14. The compound of claim 4, wherein each R is independently selected, for each occurrence, from (C1-4)alkyl.
15. The compound of claim 4, comprising three or more repeating units {MB(ER)(ER)}, or three or more repeating units {MA(ER)(ER)}.
16. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound has any one of the formulas: (RE)2-BB(AB)n, (RE)2-B(AB)nB, (RE)2-B(AB)nB(AB)m, (RE)2-(BA)nBB, (RE)2-B(BA)nB, (RE)2-(BA)nB(BA)mB, cyclic(AB)n, cyclic(BA)n, (RE)2-(BB)(AABB)n, (RE)2-(BB)(AABB)n(AB)m, (RE)2-(B)(AABB)n(B)(AB)m, (RE)2-B(AB)n\u2212, (RE)2-(BA)nB\u2212,
(RE)2-BB(AB1)n(AB2)m, (RE)2-BB(AB1)n(AB2)m(AB1)p, and a mixture thereof, wherein A is the repeat unit {MA(ER)(ER)}, B is the repeat unit {MB(ER)(ER)}, n is one or more, m is one or more, and p is one or more.
17. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound has any one of the repeat unit formulas: {Cu(StBu)(SiPr)(In,Ga)(SiPr)2}; {Cu(StBu)2(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SnBu)(In,Ga)(SnBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SenBu)(In,Ga)(SenBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SetBu)(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(StBu)(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)2(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)2(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)2(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SeiPr)(In,Ga)(SeiPr)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SsBu)(In,Ga)(SsBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SeiPr)(In,Ga)(SeiPr)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SiPr)(In,Ga)(SiPr)2}, {Cu(SetBu)(SenBu)(In,Ga)(SenBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SiPr)(In,Ga)(SiPr)2}; {Cu(SnBu)(StBu)(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SenBu)(SetBu)(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SetBu)(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(StBu)(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SnBu)(StBu)(In,Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SesBu)(SetBu)(In,Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SeiPr)(In,Ga)(SeiPr)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SiPr)(In,Ga)(SiPr)2}; {(1.2 Cu)(1.2 SetBu)(SenBu)(0.7 In,0.3 Ga)(SenBu)2}; {(1.3 Cu)(1.3 StBu)(StBu)(0.85 In,0.15 Ga)(StBu)2}; {(1.5 Cu)(1.5 SeHexyl)(SeHexyl)(0.80 In,0.20 Ga)(SeHexyl)2}; {(0.85 Cu)(0.85 SetBu)(SenBu)(0.7 In,0.3 Ga)(SenBu)2}; {(0.9 Cu)(0.9 StBu)(StBu)(0.85 In,0.15 Ga)(StBu)2}; {(0.75 Cu)(0.75 StBu)(SnBu)(0.80 In,0.20 Ga)(SnBu)2}; {(0.8 Cu)(0.8 SetBu)(SenBu)(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(SenBu)2}; {(0.95 Cu)(0.95 StBu)(SetBu)(0.70 In,0.30 Ga)(SetBu)2}; {(0.95 Cu)(0.95 SesBu)(SesBu)(0.70 In,0.30 Ga)(SesBu)2}; {(0.98 Cu)(0.98 SetBu)(StBu)(0.600 In,0.400 Ga)(StBu)2}; {(0.835 Cu)(0.835 SetBu)2(0.9 In,0.1 Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)2(0.8 In,0.2 Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)2(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SeiPr)(0.67 In,0.33 Ga)(SeiPr)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SsBu)(0.875 In,0.125 Ga)(SsBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SeiPr)(0.99 In,0.01 Ga)(SeiPr)2}; {Cu(StBu)(SiPr)(0.97 In,0.030 Ga)(SiPr)2}, {Cu(SetBu)(SenBu)(0.5 In,0.5 Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(SetBu)(SenBu)(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(SenBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)2(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(StBu)2}; {Cu(StBu)2(0.9 In,0.1 Ga)(StBu)2}, {Cu(Se(n-pentyl))(SenBu)(0.5 In,0.5 Ga)(SetBu)2}; {Cu(Se(n-hexyl))(SenBu)(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(SenBu)2}; {Cu(S(n-heptyl))(StBu)(0.75 In,0.25 Ga)(StBu)2}; and {Cu(S(n-octyl))(StBu)(0.9 In,0.1 Ga)(StBu)2}.