1. A method of mixing audios to transmit a plurality of input voices, said method comprising the steps of:
decoding a portion of each of said input voices to acquire a plurality of audio parameters responsive to said input voices to reduce a transmission delay of said input voices, wherein each of said input voices is compactly encoded and includes a plurality of audio frames;
performing an audio decision and classification on said audio parameters responsive to said input voices to determine an audio type of each of said input voices;
selecting a target frame from said audio frames of said input voices according to a signal intensity of said audio frames; and
packaging said target frame to generate a plurality of output voices having an audio format identical to said input voices to convey readily said output voices.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of decoding said portion of each of said input voices comprises executing a parameter decoding in a parameter decoder.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of executing a parameter decoding comprises executing a CELP algorithm in said parameter decoder.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said audio parameters includes a pitch signal, a pitch gain, a fixed codebook vector, a fixed codebook gain or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing said audio decision and classification further comprises the steps of:
verifying a header of said audio frames to determine a plurality of classes of said audio frames; and
identifying said audio parameters responsive to said input voices to determine said audio type of each of said input voices.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of identifying said audio parameters comprises using a pitch gain threshold and a pitch difference threshold.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of performing said audio decision and classification comprises computing sequentially a plurality of pitch difference absolute values of said audio frames by a backward computation and adding said pitch difference absolute values to obtain a sum of said pitch difference absolute values.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said audio type of each of said input voices includes a quasi-voice frame, a quasi-dumb frame or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-voice frames.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-dumb frames.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes a single quasi-dumb frame.
12. A method of mixing audios to transmit a plurality of input voices, said method comprising the steps of:
decoding a portion of each of said input voices to acquire a plurality of audio parameters responsive to said input voices to reduce a transmission delay of said input voices, wherein each of said input voices compactly encoded includes a plurality of audio frames;
performing an audio decision and classification on said audio parameters responsive to said input voices to determine an audio type of each of said input voices, wherein the step of performing said audio decision and classification further comprises the steps of:
verifying a header of said audio frames to determine a plurality of classes of said audio frames; and
identifying said audio parameters responsive to said input voices to determine said audio type of each of said input voices;
selecting a target frame from said audio frames of said input voices according to a signal intensity of said audio frames; and
packaging said target frame to generate a plurality of output voices having an identical audio format to said input voices to convey readily said output voices.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of decoding said portion of each of said input voices comprises executing a parameter decoding in a parameter decoder.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of executing a parameter decoding comprises executing a CELP algorithm in said parameter decoder.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said audio parameters include a pitch, a pitch gain, a fixed codebook vector, a fixed codebook gain or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of verifying a header of said audio frames to determine a plurality of classes of said audio frames include a voice frame, a transition frame, a reserved frame or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of identifying said audio parameters comprises using a pitch gain threshold and a pitch difference threshold.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of performing said audio decision and classification comprises computing sequentially a plurality of pitch difference absolute values of said audio frames by a backward computation and adding said pitch difference absolute values to obtain a sum of said pitch difference absolute values.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein said audio type of each of said input voices includes a quasi-voice frame, a quasi-dumb frame or a combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-voice frames.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-dumb frames.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of selecting a target frame from said audio frames comprises selecting one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity in adaptive excitation signals responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes a single quasi-dumb frame.
23. An apparatus for mixing audios to transmit a plurality of input voices, said apparatus comprising:
a decoding device for decoding a portion of each of said input voices to acquire a plurality of audio parameters responsive to said input voices to reduce a transmission delay, wherein each of said input voices compactly encoded includes a plurality of audio frames;
an audio mixing device coupled to said decoding device for selecting one of said audio frames on the basis of said audio parameters of said input voices, wherein said audio mixing device further comprises:
a header verification unit coupled to said decoding device for checking a title of said audio frames to determine a plurality of classes of said audio frames;
an audio identification unit coupled to said header verification unit for determining an audio type of each of said input voices by a pitch difference absolute value of said audio frames and a pitch gain of said audio parameters;
an excitation computation unit coupled to said audio identification unit for computing a signal intensity of an excitation signal to determine said signal intensity of said audio frames;
an adaptive selecting unit coupled to said header verification unit for selecting a target frame from said audio frames; and
a voice selector coupled to said header verification unit to select a voice data stream; and
a frame package unit coupled to said excitation computation unit, said adaptive selecting unit and said voice selector, respectively, to package said target frame for generating a plurality of output voices having a format identical to said input voices to convey readily said output voices.
24. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said decoding device comprises a parameter decoder for executing a parameter decoding.
25. The audio mixing system of claim 24, wherein said decoding device comprises a CELP algorithm executed on said parameter decoder.
26. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said audio parameters include a pitch, a pitch gain or a combination thereof.
27. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said audio parameters include a pitch, a pitch gain, a fixed codebook vector, a fixed codebook gain or a combination thereof.
28. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said classes of said audio frames include a voice frame, a transition frame, a reserved frame or a combination thereof.
29. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said audio identification unit comprises a pitch gain threshold and a pitch difference threshold.
30. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said identification unit computes sequentially a plurality of pitch difference absolute values of said audio frames by a backward computation and obtains a sum of said pitch difference absolute values by an addition of said pitch difference absolute values.
31. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said excitation signal includes a self-adaptive excitation signal, a fixed excitation signal or a combination thereof.
32. The audio mixing system of claim 23, wherein said audio type of each of said input voices includes a quasi-voice frame, a quasi-dumb frame or a combination thereof.
33. The audio mixing system of claim 32, wherein said adaptive selecting unit of said audio mixing device selects one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-voice frames.
34. The audio mixing system of claim 32, wherein said adaptive selecting unit of said audio mixing device selects one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes totally quasi-dumb frames.
35. The audio mixing system of claim 32, wherein said adaptive selecting unit of said audio mixing device selects one of said audio frames having a higher signal intensity responsive to said input voices as said target frame if said input voices includes a single quasi-dumb frame.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing a complex that comprises 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene and the aromatic diacid XYTA which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (I):
wherein X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, methyl, ethyl, F, Cl and Br; comprising
(a) nitrating 1,3-dihalobenzene, which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (II):
wherein each Z is independently Cl or Br, to produce 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(b) heating a suspension of the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene, and contacting it with NH3 to aminate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene and convert it to 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(c) forming a slurry of the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, and contacting the slurry with hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene and produce 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(d) contacting the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene produced in (c) with an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 6 equivalents of acid per mol of 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, and, optionally, heating the solution to dissolve the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene; and
(e) combining the dissolved 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene with
(i) 0 to 5 equivalents of an acid;
(ii) 0 to 5 equivalents of a base;
(iii) optionally, a buffer solution; and
(iv) an XYTA source selected from XYTA and M2XYTA as represented by the structure of the following Formula (III):
wherein M is K or Na, and wherein the molar ratio of XYTA to the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene salt is from 1:1 to 1:1.1;
to adjust the pH of the mixture to between about 3 and about 10, and to produce and precipitate a Formula (I) complex.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the mixture containing the Formula (I) complex further comprises a reducing agent.
3. A process for preparing a complex that comprises 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene and the aromatic diacid XYTA which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (I):
wherein X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, methyl, ethyl, F, Cland Br; comprising
(a) nitrating 1,3-dihalobenzene, which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (II):
wherein each Z is independently Cl or Br, in a reaction mixture comprising nitric acid, oleum or SO3, and H2SO4, wherein
(i) the concentration of nitric acid is about 2.0 to about 2.3 moles per mole of 1,3-dihalobenzene;
(ii) the concentration of SO3 is about 1 to about 3 moles per mole of 1,3-dihalobenzene; and
(iii) the concentration of 1,3-dihalobenzene in the reaction mixture is between about 12 and about 24 weight percent; and
(iv) the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 120\xb0 C.;
to produce 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(b) filtering the reaction mixture to separate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene therefrom, while recycling the sulfuric acid mother liquor;
(c) washing the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, or acid then water, then with NH4OH, and then mixing it with a solvent as a suspension;
(d) heating the suspension formed in step (c) to a temperature in the range of about 100\xb0 C. to about 160\xb0 C. and contacting it with NH3(g) to aminate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene and convert it to 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(e) filtering the reaction mixture to separate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene therefrom; and washing the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with a solvent and then water,
(f) forming a slurry of the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, and transferring the slurry to a hydrogenation reactor containing a hydrogenation catalyst to form a reaction mixture;
(g) contacting the reaction mixture formed in step (f) with hydrogen at a pressure in the range of about 0.31 to about 3.45 MPa and a temperature in the range of about 20\xb0 C. to about 100\xb0 C. to hydrogenate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene and produce 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(h) contacting the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene produced in (g) with an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 6 equivalents of acid per mol of 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, and, optionally, heating the solution to dissolve the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(i) filtering the reaction mixture to remove the spent hydrogenation catalyst;
(j) combining the filtered reaction mixture with
(i) 0 to 5 equivalents of an acid selected from the group consisting of HCl, acetic acid, H2SO4 and H3PO4;
(ii) 0 to 5 equivalents of an organic base or an inorganic base;
(iii) optionally, a buffer solution; and
(iv) an XYTA source selected from XYTA and M2XYTA as represented by the structure of the following Formula (III):
wherein M is K or Na, and wherein the molar ratio of XYTA to the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene salt is from 1:1 to 1:1.1;
to adjust the pH of the mixture to between about 3 and about 10, and to produce and precipitate a Formula (I) complex; and
(k) cooling, filtering and washing the precipitated complex.
4. A process according to claim 3 wherein X\u2550Y\u2550OH, M\u2550K, Z\u2550Cl, the acid in steps (h) and (j) is HCl, and the pH is adjusted to about 5 to about 8 in step (j).
5. A process according to claim 3 wherein the solvent used in step (e) is distilled and recycled.
6. A process according to claim 3 wherein the spent hydrogenation catalyst removed in step (i) is recovered and recycled.
7. A process according to claim 3 wherein, in step (k), the precipitated complex is washed with water and methanol, and the methanol is recycled.
8. A process according to claim 3 wherein the mixture containing the Formula (I) complex further comprises a reducing agent.
9. A process for preparing a complex that comprises 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene and the aromatic diacid XYTA which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (I):
wherein X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, methyl, ethyl, F, Cl and Br; comprising
(a) nitrating 1,3-dihalobenzene, which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (II):
wherein each Z is independently Cl or Br, to produce 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(b) heating a suspension of the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene, and contacting it with NH3 to aminate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene and convert it to 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(c) forming a slurry of the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, and contacting the slurry with hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene and produce 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(d) contacting the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene produced in (c) with an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 6 equivalents of acid per mol of 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, and, optionally, heating the solution to dissolve the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(e) adding an acid to the dissolved 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene to form and precipitate a salt of the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(f) combining the precipitated salt of the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene with
(i) 0 to 5 equivalents of an acid;
(ii) 0 to 5 equivalents of a base;
(iii) optionally, a buffer solution; and
(iv) an XYTA source selected from XYTA and M2XYTA as represented by the structure of the following Formula (III):
III
wherein M is K or Na, and wherein the molar ratio of XYTA to the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene salt is from 1:1 to 1:1.1;
to adjust the pH of the mixture to between about 3 and about 10, and to produce and precipitate a Formula (I) complex.
10. A process according to claim 9 wherein the mixture containing the Formula (I) complex further comprises a reducing agent.
11. A process for preparing a complex that comprises 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene and the aromatic diacid XYTA which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (I):
wherein X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, SH, methyl, ethyl, F, Cland Br; comprising
(a) nitrating 1,3-dihalobenzene, which is represented by the structure of the following Formula (II):
wherein each Z is independently Cl or Br, in a reaction mixture comprising nitric acid, oleum or SO3, and H2SO4, wherein
(i) the concentration of nitric acid is about 2.0 to about 2.3 moles per mole of 1,3-dihalobenzene;
(ii) the concentration of SO3 is about 1 to about 3 moles per mole of 1,3-dihalobenzene; and
(iii) the concentration of 1,3-dihalobenzene in the reaction mixture is between about 12 and about 24 weight percent; and
(iv) the temperature of the reaction mixture does not exceed 120\xb0 C.; to produce 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(b) filtering the reaction mixture to separate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene therefrom, while recycling the sulfuric acid mother liquor;
(c) washing the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, or acid then water, then with NH4OH, and then mixing it with a solvent as a suspension;
(d) heating the suspension formed in step (c) to a temperature in the range of about 100\xb0 C. to about 160\xb0 C. and contacting it with NH3(g) to aminate the 1,3-dihalo-4,6-dinitrobenzene and convert it to 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene;
(e) filtering the reaction mixture to separate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene therefrom; and washing the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with a solvent and then water,
(f) forming a slurry of the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene with water, and transferring the slurry to a hydrogenation reactor containing a hydrogenation catalyst to form a reaction mixture;
(g) contacting the reaction mixture formed in step (f) with hydrogen at a pressure in the range of about 0.31 to about 3.45 MPa and a temperature in the range of about 20\xb0 C. to about 100\xb0 C. to hydrogenate the 1,3-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene and produce 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(h) contacting the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene produced in (g) with an aqueous solution comprising 1 to 6 equivalents of acid per mol of 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, and, optionally, heating the solution to dissolve the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene;
(i) filtering the reaction mixture to remove the spent hydrogenation catalyst;
(j) adding an acid to the filtered reaction mixture to form and precipitate a salt of the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene, wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of HCl, acetic acid, H2SO4, and H3PO4;
(k) cooling, filtering, washing and dissolving the precipitated 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene salt to form an aqueous solution thereof;
(l) combining the filtered reaction mixture with
(i) 0 to 5 equivalents of an acid selected from the group consisting of HCl, acetic acid, H2SO4 and H3PO4;
(ii) 0 to 5 equivalents of an organic base or an inorganic base;
(iii) optionally, a buffer solution; and
(iv) an XYTA source selected from XYTA and M2XYTA as represented by the structure of the following Formula (III):
wherein M is K or Na, and wherein the molar ratio of XYTA to the 1,2,4,5-tetraminobenzene salt is from 1:1 to 1:1.1;
to adjust the pH of the mixture to between about 3 and about 10, and to produce and precipitate a Formula (I) complex; and
(m) cooling, filtering and washing the precipitated complex.
12. A process according to claim 11 wherein the acid in step (h) andor (j) is HCl.
13. A process according to claim 11 wherein the acid in step (h) andor (j) is added in the gaseous state.
14. A process according to claim 11 wherein the acid is added in step (j) an amount of about 6 to about 8 equivalents.
15. A process according to claim 11 wherein X\u2550Y\u2550OH, M\u2550K, Z\u2550Cl, the acid in step (h) andor (j) is HCl, and the pH is adjusted to about 5 to about 8 in step (I).
16. A process according to claim 11 wherein the solvent used in step (e) is distilled and recycled.
17. A process according to claim 11 wherein the spent hydrogenation catalyst removed in step (i) is recovered and recycled.
18. A process according to claim 11 wherein, in step (m), the precipitated complex is washed with water and methanol, and the methanol is recycled.
19. A process according to claim 11 wherein the mixture containing the Formula (I) complex further comprises a reducing agent.