1. A data communication system comprising:
a data transmission apparatus;
a data receiving apparatus connected to the data transmission apparatus through two or more parallel paths; and
two or more routers disposed on the two or more parallel paths, respectively,
wherein at least one of the routers detects bandwidth aggregation communication being performed on the parallel paths, from data transmitted through the at least one of the routers, and controls a sum of transmission rates used for the bandwidth aggregation communication to be lower than an upper-limit transmission rate during the bandwidth aggregation communication.
2. The data communication system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the transmission routers comprises:
a bandwidth-aggregation detecting unit which detects the bandwidth aggregation communication;
a transmission-rate measuring unit which, if the bandwidth-aggregation detecting unit detects the bandwidth aggregation communication, measures the sum of the transmission rates by communicating with the other transmission routers;
an upper-limit transmission-rate calculating unit which multiplies a set increase ratio to a highest transmission rate among the transmission rates and calculates the upper-limit transmission rate; and
a bandwidth control unit which controls the sum of the transmission rates to be lower than the upper-limit transmission rate.
3. The data communication system of claim 2, wherein, if the sum of the transmission rates is equal to or greater than the upper-limit transmission rate, the bandwidth control unit reduces the transmission rates by using a set attenuation rate.
4. The data communication system of claim 3, wherein the bandwidth control unit multiplies the set attenuation rate to each of the transmission rates, and provides each of the other transmission routers with a corresponding resultant transmission rate value as a corresponding appropriate transmission rate so that each of the other transmission routers operates at the corresponding appropriate transmission rate.
5. A communication control method performed by a data communication system comprising a data transmission apparatus and a data receiving apparatus connected to each other through two or more parallel paths on which two or more routers are disposed, respectively, the method comprising:
detecting bandwidth aggregation communication being performed on the parallel paths, from data transmitted through the at least one of the routers; and
controlling a sum of transmission rates used for the bandwidth aggregation communication to be lower than an upper-limit transmission rate during the bandwidth aggregation communication.
6. The communication control method of claim 5, wherein the controlling of the sum of the transmission rates comprises:
if the bandwidth aggregation communication is detected, measuring the sum of the transmission rates;
multiplying a set increase ratio to a highest transmission rate among the transmission rates and calculating the upper-limit transmission rate; and
controlling the sum of the transmission rates to be lower than the upper-limit transmission rate.
7. The communication control method of claim 6, wherein the controlling the sum of the transmission rates comprises, if the sum of the transmission rates is equal to or greater than the upper-limit transmission rate, reducing the transmission rates by using a set attenuation rate.
8. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein the reducing the transmission rates comprises multiplying the set attenuation rate to each of the transmission rates, and providing each of the other transmission routers with a corresponding resultant transmission rate value as a corresponding appropriate transmission rate so that each of the other transmission routers operates at the corresponding appropriate transmission rate.
9. A data communication device comprising:
a detection unit which detects a characteristic of communication being performed through two or more paths disposed between a transmitter and a receiver;
a control unit which measures transmission rates used for the bandwidth aggregation communication and controls a sum of the transmission rates to be lower than a given value, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating at least a bandwidth aggregation communication.
10. The data communication device of claim 9, wherein each of the transmission rates is a transmission rate at each of the two or more paths, and
wherein, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating at least the bandwidth aggregation communication, the control unit reduces each of the transmission rates using a set attenuation rate.
11. The data communication device of claim 9, wherein each of the transmission rates is a transmission rate at each of the two or more paths, and
wherein, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating at least the bandwidth aggregation communication, the control unit controls the transmitter to reduce at least one of the transmission rates using a set attenuation rate.
12. The data communication device of claim 9, wherein the data communication device is a router which is directly connected to the terminal and controls data communication from the terminal to the receiver.
13. The data communication device of claim 9, wherein the bandwidth aggregate communication is performed based on a stream control transmission protocol.
14. The data communication device of claim 9, wherein the control unit measures transmission rates used for the bandwidth aggregation communication and controls the sum of the transmission rates to be lower than the given value, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating the bandwidth aggregation communication performed based on a bandwidth aggregation transmission protocol and another communication performed based on a different protocol.
15. The data communication device of claim 14, wherein each of the transmission rates is a transmission rate of each of the two or more paths, and
wherein, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating the bandwidth aggregation communication performed based on the bandwidth aggregation transmission protocol and the other communication performed based on the different protocol, the control unit reduces each of the transmission rates using a set attenuation rate.
16. The data communication device of claim 14, wherein each of the transmission rates is a transmission rate of each of the two or more paths, and
wherein, if the detection unit determines the detected characteristic as indicating the bandwidth aggregation communication performed based on the bandwidth aggregation transmission protocol and the other communication performed based on the different protocol, the control unit controls the transmitter to reduce at least one of the transmission rates using a set attenuation rate.
17. The data communication device of claim 14, wherein the data communication device is a router directly connected to the terminal and controlling data communication from the terminal to the receiver.
18. The data communication device of claim 14, wherein the bandwidth aggregate communication is performed based on a stream control transmission protocol.
19. The data communication device of claim 14, wherein the bandwidth aggregate communication is a wireless communication, and the other communication is a wired communication.
20. A transmitter connected to a receiver, the transmitter comprising:
a measuring unit which measures transmission rates used for a bandwidth aggregation communication being performed through two or more paths disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, when the bandwidth aggregation communication is being performed according to a bandwidth aggregation transmission protocol along with a different communication according to a different protocol through the two or more paths;
a control unit which controls a sum of the transmission rates used for the bandwidth aggregation communication to be lower than a given value while the bandwidth aggregation communication and the different communication are being performed through the two or more paths.
21. The transmitter of claim 20, wherein the bandwidth aggregate communication is a wireless communication, and the other communication is a wired communication.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for tanning comprising subjecting a subject to a skin tanning chamber, the improvement comprising at least one light emitting diode emitting a UVA light, wherein the light emitting diode (LED) emits essentially only UVA light, and wherein the LED is incorporated into a flexible form.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the chamber is a bed or booth.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the LED is incorporated into a garment or cloth.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising at least one LED emitting a UVB andor a UVC light.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the LED emitting the UVA light is under independent control from the LED emitting UVC light.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the improvement comprises a plurality of LEDs emitting UVA light.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising controlling the electric current to each LED to maintain a constant total radiant flux over the life time of each LED.
8. The method of claim 6 further comprising controlling the LEDs to allow radiation to selected portions of the skin.
9. The method of claim 6 further comprising controlling the period of exposure.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising storing records of use.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the LED is incorporated into a form which is adapted to fit into a standard fluorescent bulb fixture.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the form further comprises an internal power converter.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the LEDs are ventilated.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the LEDs are ventilated by a fan directing air longitudinally across the LEDs.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the LEDs are disposed within a transparent tube characterized by one or more perforations which provide for air flow out of the tube.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the tube is characterized by a closed end and an open end, wherein the air is directed through the open end and out the perforations.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the density of perforations on the distal end of the tube, with respect to the open end, is greater than the density of perforations on the proximal end.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the perforations on the distal end of the tube, with respect to the open end, are larger than the perforations on the proximal end.
19. The method of claim 16 comprising a bed and a circuit board characterized by an array of UVA LEDs.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the circuit board is selected from the group consisting of (a) rigid, (b) curved and (c) flexible.
21-39. (canceled)