1. An optical recording medium comprising:
a first area having first wobbles formed by a combination modulation method; and
a second area having second wobbles formed by a single modulation method.
2. The optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the combination modulation method comprises at least two modulation methods among frequency modulation, period modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, HWM modulation, and combined modulation methods of the wobble and non-wobble portions.
3. The optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the single modulation method comprises one modulation method employed among frequency modulation, period modulation, amplitude modulation, phase modulation, FWM modulation, and combined modulation methods of the wobble and non-wobble portions.
4. An apparatus for reproducing data from an information storage medium comprising a first area having first wobbles modulated by a combination modulation method and a second area having second wobbles modulated by a single modulation method, the apparatus comprising:
a pickup unit to emit a light to transfer data with respect to the information storage medium; and
a controller to control the pickup unit to reproduce the first wobbles of the first area and to reproduce predetermined data recorded on the first area.
5. An apparatus for reproducing and recording data from and on an information storage medium comprising a first area having first wobbles modulated by a combination modulation method and a second area having second wobbles modulated by a single modulation method, the apparatus comprising:
a pickup unit to emit a light to transfer data with respect to the information storage medium; and
a controller to control the pickup unit to reproduce the first wobbles of the first area and to record predetermined data on the first area.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A motorless mass flowmeter having an inlet and an outlet for flow of fluid therethrough, the mass flowmeter comprising:
a turbine subassembly;
a drum rigidly connected to the turbine subassembly such that the drum rotates in accompaniment to rotation of the turbine subassembly; and
an impeller rotationally coupled to the drum by way of a spring that allows relative rotation against the bias of the spring;
wherein the turbine subassembly has a first set of jets causing a first torque to be applied about a rotational axis of the turbine subassembly as fluid flows therethrough, the first torque tending to cause the turbine subassembly to rotate in a first direction;
the turbine subassembly has a second set of jets causing a second torque to be applied about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly as fluid flows therethrough; and
a first set of one or more bypass valves causing an increasing amount of fluid to be diverted from the first set of jets to the second set of jets with increasing flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter.
2. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein the second torque tends to cause the turbine subassembly to rotate in the same direction as the first torque.
3. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein the second torque tends to cause the turbine subassembly to rotate in a second direction that is opposite the first direction.
4. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein the diversion of fluid from the first set of jets to the second set of jets and the application of the second torque about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly by the first set of bypass valves only occurs when flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter is above a first threshold value.
5. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein the turbine subassembly furthermore has
a third set of jets causing a third torque to be applied about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly as fluid flows therethrough; and
a second set of one or more bypass valves causing an increasing amount of fluid to be diverted from the first set of jets to the third set of jets with increasing flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter.
6. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 5 wherein the third torque tends to cause the turbine subassembly to rotate in the same direction as the first torque.
7. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 5 wherein the third torque tends to cause the turbine subassembly to rotate in a second direction that is opposite the first direction.
8. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 5 wherein the diversion of fluid from the first set of jets to the third set of jets and the application of the third torque about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly by the second set of bypass valves only occurs when flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter is above a second threshold value.
9. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 5 wherein the turbine subassembly furthermore has
a third set of one or more bypass valves causing an increasing amount of fluid to be diverted away from the first set of jets with increasing flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter, this diversion of fluid away from the first set of jets by the third set of bypass valves causing application of substantially no torque about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly.
10. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 9 wherein the diversion of fluid away from the first set of jets with application of substantially no torque about the rotational axis of the turbine subassembly by the third set of bypass valves only occurs when flow of fluid through the mass flowmeter is above a third threshold value.
11. A motorless mass flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein the mass flowmeter furthermore comprises:
an internal flow straightener disposed downstream from the turbine subassembly and upstream from the impeller, the internal flow straightener reducing angular momentum of fluid as it passes from the turbine subassembly to the impeller; and
a viscous decoupler disposed at the upstream side of the impeller, the viscous decoupler substantially preventing viscous drag of fluid from adversely affecting rotation of the impeller.