1. An apparatus for supporting and displaying an object comprising:
a) a platform adapted for supporting said object; and
b) at least one attachment means for interacting with a generally horizontal projection upon which said object is displayed.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said attachment means are removeably attached to a bottom surface of said platform.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each of said at least one attachment means have a first end and an second end, wherein said first end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise opposite, opposing jaw members biased towards one another and wherein said second end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise legs that when forced together separate said opposite, opposing jaw members.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said jaw members of each of said at least one attachment means are connected by a pivot pin and are biased towards one another by a torsional spring.
5. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said jaw members contain penetrating or frictional means to prevent said platform from rotating about said generally horizontal projection.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the penetrating means are teeth.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one attachment means is an alligator clip.
8. An apparatus for supporting and displaying an object comprising:
a) a platform having a top surface and bottom surface, said top surface being adapted for supporting said object;
b) at least one attachment means removeably affixed to said bottom surface of said platform; and
c) a base having a top surface, bottom surface, and a number of receiving slots corresponding to the number and position of said attachment means on said platform for entombing said attachment means within said base when said platform rest on the top surface of said base.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said at least one attachment means are removeably attached to said bottom surface of said platform.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein each of said at least one attachment means have a first end and an second end, wherein said first end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise opposite, opposing jaw members biased towards one another and wherein said second end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise legs that when forced together separate said opposite, opposing jaw members.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said jaw members of each of said at least one attachment means are connected by a pivot pin and are biased towards one another by a torsional spring.
12. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said jaw members contain penetrating or frictional means to prevent said platform from rotating about said generally horizontal projection.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the penetrating means are teeth.
14. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said at least one attachment means is an alligator clip.
15. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said platform has an integral metal contact and said base has an integral magnet to secure said platform to said base.
16. An apparatus for supporting and displaying an object alternatively on an irregularly-shaped generally horizontal projection or a generally flat horizontal surface, said apparatus comprising:
a) a platform having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a metal contact, wherein said top surface is adapted for supporting an object for display;
b) at least one attachment means removeably attached to said bottom surface of said platform, wherein each of said at least one attachment means have a first end and an second end, wherein said first end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise opposite, opposing jaw members biased towards one another and wherein said second end of each of said at least one attachment means comprise legs that when forced together separate said opposite, opposing jaw members and wherein said jaw members of each of said at least one attachment means are connected by a pivot pin and are biased towards one another by a torsional spring;
c) wherein said jaw members of each of said at least one attachment means further comprise penetrating or frictional means for preventing the rotation of said platform about said irregularly-shaped generally horizontal projection; and
d) a base having a top surface, bottom surface, and a number of receiving slots corresponding to the number and position of said attachment means on said platform for entombing said attachment means within said base when said platform rest on the top surface of said base.
17. A method for supporting and displaying an object alternatively on an irregularly-shaped generally horizontal projection or a generally flat horizontal surface, said method comprising the steps of:
a) placing an object on a platform; and
b) alternatively attaching said platform with at least one attachment means to said irregularly-shaped generally horizontal projection or resting said platform on a base specifically shaped so as to receive said platform for display on a generally flat horizontal surface.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein each of said at least one attachment means have a first end and an second end, wherein said first end of each of
said at least one attachment means comprise opposite, opposing jaw members biased towards one another and wherein said second end of each of said at least one attachment
means comprise legs that when forced together separate said opposite, opposing jaw members and wherein said jaw members of each of said at least one attachment means are connected by a pivot pin and are biased towards one another by a torsional spring.
19. The method according to claim 18 wherein said jaw members contain penetrating or frictional means to prevent said platform from rotating about said generally horizontal projection.
20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the penetrating means are teeth.
21. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said at least one attachment means is an alligator clip.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least, one sensor, and by controlled activation of, the piezoelectric elements as actuators; and
wherein capacitive distance sensors are provided as sensors which are connected to the piezoelectric elements as actuators via a servo loopcontrol circuit.
2. System according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said sensors is a piezoelectric sensor element, which is connected to the piezoelectric actuator elements via a servo control circuit.
3. System according to claim 1, comprising piezoelectric elements configured as sensors in a quiescent state or in a phase of slight excitation of vibrations, and activatable as actuators when disturbances occur.
4. System according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric elements are formed by ceramic films.
5. System according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric elements are applied in pre-selected patterns.
6. A mirror comprising a system according to claim 1, wherein piezoelectric actuator elements are sensors and are arranged on the rear or in the edge region of the mirror.
7. System according to claim 5, wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged in the form of spokes running in radial direction on the rear of the optical element.
8. A mirror according to claim 6, wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged on the rear in the form of rings of different diameters.
9. System according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces to be deformed are coated with piezoelectric elements over at least approximately their entire area, the piezoelectric elements being patterned for the purpose of specific deformation.
10. System according to claim 1, wherein for the purpose of eliminating deformations due to gravitation, the piezoelectric elements are orientated on the deformed surfaces in a fashion opposing the gravitation.
11. A mirror comprising a system according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric elements compensating the weight forces are arranged on the rear of said mirror.
12. System according to claim 10, wherein, given a lens as the optical element, the piezoelectric elements acting in a fashion directed opposite to the weight force are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the lens.
13. System according to claim 10, wherein, given a lens as the optical element, the piezoelectric elements acting in a fashion directed opposite to the weight force are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the lens and situated in optically inactive regions.
14. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography comprising a system according to claim 1.
15. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric elements are provided as sensors, which are connected to the piezoelectric elements as actuators via a servo loopcontrol circuit.
16. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein all the piezoelectric elements are configured as sensors in the quiescent state or in a phase of slight excitation of vibrations, and when disturbances occur all or some of the piezoelectric elements are activated as actuators.
17. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric elements are formed by ceramic films.
18. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric elements are applied in pre-selected patterns to the surfaces of the optical elements, which are to be deformed.
19. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein, given a, mirror as the optical element, sensors and piezoelectric elements as actuators are arranged on the rear or in the edge region of the mirror.
20. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 17, wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged in the form of spokes running in the radial direction on the rear of the optical element.
21. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 18, wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged on the rear of the optical element in the form of peripheral rings of different diameters.
22. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein the surfaces to be deformed are coated with piezoelectric elements over at least approximately their entire area, the piezoelectric elements being patterned for the purpose of specific deformation.
23. A projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography according to claim 14, wherein for the purpose of eliminating deformations due to weight forces, the piezoelectric elements are orientated on the deformed surfaces in a fashion opposing the weight forces.
24. A projection exposure machine according to claim 22, wherein, given a mirror as optical element, the piezoelectric elements compensate the weight forces inherent in the mirror wherein the piezoelectric elements are arranged on the rear of said mirror.
25. A projection exposure machine according to claim 22, wherein, given a lens as the optical element, the piezoelectric elements acting in a fashion directed opposite to inherent weight forces in the lens are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the lens.
26. A projection exposure machine according to claim 22, wherein, given a lens as the optical element, the piezoelectric elements acting in a fashion directed opposite to inherent weight forces in the lens are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the lens and situated in optically inactive regions.
27. An optical element correction system comprising:
an optical element having a surface to be deformed;
a piezoelectric layer supported on the surface of the optical element and configured as an actuator to deform the surface;
control circuitry operatively coupled to the piezoelectric layer to activate the piezoelectric layer; and
servo loop circuitry comprising capacitor distance sensors and operatively coupled to the control circuitry, the servo loop circuitry in sensing relation of deformation of the surface.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the piezoelectric layer is integrated into the surface of the optical element.
29. The system of claim 27, wherein the piezoelectric layer comprise a thin plate applied to the surface of the optical element.
30. An optical element correction system comprising:
an optical element comprising a mirror and having a surface to be deformed;
first piezoelectric elements supported on the surface of the optical element and configured as actuators to deform the surface;
control circuitry operatively coupled to the first piezoelectric elements to activate the first piezoelectric elements;
servo loop circuitry comprising sensors and operatively coupled to the control circuitry, the servo loop circuitry in sensing relation of deformation of the surface, the sensors comprising second piezoelectric elements; and
wherein the second piezoelectric elements are arranged in the form of direction on a rear of the mirror.
31. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein the imaging device comprises a projection exposure machine for micro-lithography and having a projection lens as the optical element; and
wherein capacitive ranging sensors are provided as sensors which are connected to the piezoelectric elements as actuators via a servo loopcontrol circuit.
32. System according to claim 31 wherein the at least one sensor comprises piezoelectric elements which are connected to the piezoelectric elements as actuators via a servo loopcontrol circuit.
33. System according to claim 31, wherein all the piezoelectric elements are configured as sensors in the quiescent state or in a phase of slight excitation of vibrations, and when disturbances occur, all or some of the piezoelectric elements are activated as actuators.
34. System according to claim 31, wherein the piezoelectric elements are formed by ceramic films.
35. System according to claim 31, wherein the piezoelectric elements are applied in pre-selected patterns to surfaces of the projection lens.
36. System according to claim 31, wherein the surfaces to be deformed are coated with piezoelectric elements over at least approximately their entire area, the piezoelectric elements being patterned for the purpose of specific deformation.
37. System according to claim 31, wherein deformations of a projection lens are due to weight forces, and wherein the piezoelectric elements are orientated on the deformed surfaces in a fashion opposing the weight forces.
38. System according to claim 31, wherein the piezoelectric elements are oriented to act in a fashion directly opposite to inherent weight forces in the projection lens and are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the projection lens.
39. System according to claim 31, wherein the piezoelectric elements are oriented to act in a fashion directly opposite to inherent weight forces in the projection lens and are arranged and distributed over the periphery of the projection lens in optically inactive regions.
40. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein the piezoelectric elements are applied in pre-selected patterns; and
wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged in the form of spokes running in radial direction on the rear of the optical element.
41. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein piezoelectric actuator elements are sensors and are arranged on the rear or in the edge region of the mirror; and
wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged on the rear in the form of rings of different diameters.
42. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein the system comprises a projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography; and
wherein capacitive ranging sensors are ranging sensors are provided as sensors which are connected to the piezoelectric elements as actuators via a servo loopcontrol circuit.
43. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein the system comprises a projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography; and
wherein piezoelectric elements are formed by ceramic films; and
wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged in the form of spokes running in the radial direction on the rear the optical element.
44. Optical element deformation system in an imaging device for the purpose of eliminating image errors wherein an optical element bears piezoelectric elements being applied as actuators in the form of thin plates, films or layers to surfaces of the optical element, whereby forces are being exerted on the optical element for deformation in conjunction with a servo loop having at least one sensor, and by controlled activation of the piezoelectric elements as actuators;
wherein the system comprises a projection exposure machine having a projection lens for micro-lithography;
wherein the piezoelectric elements are applied in pre-selected patterns to the surfaces of the optical elements, which are to be deformed; and
wherein for the purpose of change of focus or focal length variation, the piezoelectric elements are arranged on the rear of the optical element in the form of peripheral rings of different diameters.
45. An optical element correction system comprising:
an optical element comprising a mirror and having a surface to be deformed;
first piezoelectric elements supported on the surface of the optical element and configured as actuators to deform the surface;
control circuitry operatively coupled to the first piezoelectric elements to activate the first piezoelectric elements;
servo loop circuitry comprising sensors and operatively coupled to the control circuitry, the servo loop circuitry in sensing relation of deformation of the surface, the comprising second piezoelectric elements; and
wherein the second piezoelectric elements are arranged on a rear of the mirror in the form rings of different diameters.