1. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change, wherein
said information table further describes a program clock reference (PCR), and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor a discontinuity of said PCR, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of discontinuity of said PCR.
2. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change, wherein
said information table further describes a program clock reference (PCR), and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor the received state of said PCR, while said predetermined criterion includes whether or not said PCR is unreceivable for a predetermined time.
3. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change, wherein
said receiver further comprises:
a decoding portion configured to decode said program signal, and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor a result of decoding by said decoding portion, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of error occurrence in said result of decoding.
4. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes an EPG (electric program guide) describing a schedule for a broadcasted program, and
said parameter set portion is configured to previously recognize an end time of a currently received program from said EPG, while said predetermined criterion includes whether or not reaching said end time of said program.
5. The digital broadcast receiving system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a recordingreproducing portion having a recordingreproducing part configured to receive an externally received digital broadcast signal from outside for recording said externally received digital broadcast signal while outputting recorded said signal as a digital broadcast signal for reproduction, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes said digital broadcast signal for reproduction,
said receiver further comprises a storage portion, and
said parameter set portion is configured to extract a next program information table servicing as an information table for a next program subsequent to a current program currently received by said receiver from said digital broadcast signal for reproduction recorded in said recordingreproducing part, previously preserves a program parameter described in said next program information table as a next program parameter, and reads said next program parameter from said storage portion to set said next program parameter as said signal extraction parameter when the contents of said information table change.
6. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change;
a recordingreproducing portion having a recordingreproducing part configured to receive an externally received digital broadcast signal from outside for recording said externally received digital broadcast signal while outputting recorded said signal as a digital broadcast signal for reproduction, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes said digital broadcast signal for reproduction,
said recordingreproducing portion further comprises:
a discontinuity flag adding part for adding a discontinuity flag to said externally received digital broadcast signal when said recordingreproducing part stops recording said externally received digital broadcast signal and making said recordingreproducing part record said externally received digital broadcast signal to which said discontinuity flag is added as said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor said discontinuity flag in said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of said discontinuity flag.
7. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change;
a recordingreproducing portion having a recordingreproducing part configured to receive an externally received digital broadcast signal from outside for recording said externally received digital broadcast signal while outputting recorded said signal as a digital broadcast signal for reproduction, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes said digital broadcast signal for reproduction,
said recordingreproducing portion further comprises:
a discontinuity flag adding part adding a discontinuity flag to said digital broadcast signal for reproduction when said recordingreproducing part shifts from a reproducing state for said digital broadcast signal for reproduction to a stop state, and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor said discontinuity flag in said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of said discontinuity flag.
8. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change;
a recordingreproducing portion having a recordingreproducing part configured to receive an externally received digital broadcast signal from outside for recording said externally received digital broadcast signal while outputting recorded said signal as a digital broadcast signal for reproduction, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes said digital broadcast signal for reproduction,
said recordingreproducing portion further comprises:
an identification code adding portion configured to add an identification code identifiable in a program unit to said information table in said externally received digital broadcast signal when said recordingreproducing part records said externally received digital signal and make said recordingreproducing portion record said externally received digital broadcast signal to which said identification code is added as said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor said identification code added to said information table in said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of change of said identification code.
9. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change;
a recordingreproducing portion having a recordingreproducing part configured to receive an externally received digital broadcast signal from outside for recording said externally received digital broadcast signal while outputting recorded said signal as a digital broadcast signal for reproduction, wherein
said digital broadcast signal includes said digital broadcast signal for reproduction,
said recordingreproducing portion further comprises:
an identification code adding portion configured to add a new identification code to an information table in said digital broadcast signal for reproduction every time said recordingreproducing part shifts from a reproducing state for said digital broadcast signal for reproduction to a stop state, and
said parameter set portion is configured to monitor said identification code added to said information table in said digital broadcast signal for reproduction, while said predetermined criterion includes presenceabsence of change of said identification code.
10. A digital broadcast receiving system having a receiver receiving a digital broadcast signal including an information table describing a program parameter forming a program, said receiver comprising:
a parameter set portion configured to set said program parameter described in said information table included in said digital broadcast signal as a signal extraction parameter; and
a signal extraction portion configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of said signal extraction parameter,
said parameter set portion configured to detect content change of said information table on the basis of a predetermined criterion and to set said program parameter, described in said information table, that has changed as said signal extraction parameter upon detecting said content change, wherein
said information table includes:
a current program information table corresponding to a currently broadcasted program, and
a next program information table corresponding to a program broadcasted next, and wherein,
said parameter set portion
previously performs temporary set processing extracting said next program information table from said digital broadcast signal and temporarily setting a program parameter described in said next program information table as a next program parameter,
monitors the contents of said current program information table while said predetermined criterion includes whether or not the contents of said current program information table change to the contents of said next program information table, and
performs real set processing setting temporarily set said next program parameter as said signal extraction parameter when the contents of said information table change.
11. The digital broadcast signal receiving system according to claim 10, wherein
said receiver includes a storage portion,
said temporary set processing includes processing of making said storage portion store said next program parameter, and
said read set processing includes processing of reading said next program parameter from said storage portion and setting said next program parameter as a signal extraction parameter.
12. The digital broadcast signal receiving system according to claim 10, wherein
said signal extraction portion is configured to extract a program signal from said digital broadcast signal on the basis of valid said signal extraction parameter,
said temporary setting includes processing of temporarily setting said next program parameter without validating the same as said signal extraction parameter, and
said real set processing includes processing of validating said signal extraction parameter.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for intravertebral reduction, comprising:
accessing a vertebral body;
forming an access passage into the vertebral body;
delivering an expandable device through the passage into the vertebral body in an unexpanded condition;
expanding the expandable device in the vertebral body with an expandable element;
removing the expandable element; and
placing bone filler material within the expanded expandable device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein accessing the vertebral body includes accessing the vertebral body through at least one pedicle of the vertebra.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein accessing the vertebral body includes accessing the vertebral body from a lateral approach.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the access passage includes forming the access passage into the vertebral body from a location anterior of posterior vertebral elements of the vertebral body.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the access passage includes drilling a hole into the cancellous bony tissue of the vertebral body.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising mounting the expandable device on a distal portion of a delivery instrument.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the distal portion includes the expandable member, and mounting the expandable device includes mounting the expandable device on the expandable element before delivering the expandable device through the passage.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein expanding the expandable device includes inflating the expandable element.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising deflating the expandable element before removing the expandable element.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein expanding the expandable device includes moving a first portion and a second portion of the expandable device away from one another.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first portion and second portion are substantially rigid.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first portion and the second portion include bone engaging features along outer surfaces thereof.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein first portion and second portion extend between a proximal end and a distal end of the expandable device, and when expanded the first portion and second portion provide a first height adjacent the distal end and a second height adjacent the proximal end, one of the first and second heights being greater than the other of the first and second heights.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising orienting the greater height anteriorly in the vertebral body.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second portions are tapered between the first and second heights.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second portions include a stepped configuration between the first and second heights.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first portion and the second portion define a cavity therebetween, and placing bone filler material includes placing bone filler material in the cavity.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertebral body includes an anterior portion having a collapsed height between opposite endplates thereof, and expanding the expandable device moves at least one of the opposite endplates away from the other to provide the anterior portion of the vertebral body with a restored height between the opposite endplates, the restored height being greater than the collapsed height.
19. A method for intravertebral reduction, comprising:
accessing a vertebral body;
forming an access passage into the vertebral body;
delivering an expandable device through the passage into the vertebral body in an unexpanded condition;
expanding the expandable device with an expandable element in the expandable device to restore a vertebral body height;
removing the expandable element; and
maintaining the restored vertebral height device with the expanded expandable device.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising placing bone filler material in the expanded expandable device.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein expanding the expandable device includes positioning the expanding element in a cavity of the expandable device and expanding the expandable element in the cavity.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the expandable element comprises a distal portion of an instrument to deliver the expandable device.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the expandable element includes an interior inflatable with fluid.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein expanding the expandable device includes expanding the expandable device uni-directionally.
25. The method of claim 19, wherein expanding the expandable device includes expanding the expandable device radially.
26. The method of claim 19, wherein accessing the vertebral body includes accessing the vertebral body through at least one pedicle of the vertebra.
27. The method of claim 19, wherein accessing the vertebral body includes accessing the vertebral body from a lateral approach.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein expanding the expandable device includes moving a first portion and a second portion of the expandable device away from one another.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first portion and second portion are substantially rigid.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein first portion and second portion each extend between a proximal end and a distal end of the expandable device, and when expanded the first portion and second portion are separated by a first height adjacent the distal end and a second height adjacent the proximal end, one of the first and second heights being greater than the other of the first and second heights.
31. The method of claim 30, further comprising orienting the end with the greater height anteriorly in the vertebra.
32. The method of claim 19, wherein the vertebral body includes an anterior portion having a collapsed height between opposite endplates thereof, and expanding the expandable device moves at least one of the opposite endplates away from the other to provide the anterior portion of the vertebral body with a restored height between the opposite endplates, the restored height being greater than the collapsed height.
33. The method of claim 19, wherein forming the access passage includes forming the access passage through a pedicle of the vertebral body.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein in the unexpanded condition the expandable device includes a banana shape, and delivering the expandable device includes positioning the expandable device through the access passage and orienting a convexly curved anterior wall of the expandable device anteriorly in the vertebra.
35. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
forming a second access passage into the vertebral body through a second pedicle;
delivering a second expandable device through the passage into the vertebral body in an unexpanded condition and adjacent the expandable device; and
expanding the second expandable device with an expandable element in the expandable device to restore a vertebral body height.
36. The method of claim 19, wherein the expandable device includes a width which remains substantially constant in the unexpanded and expanded conditions.
37. A system for intravertebral reduction, comprising:
a delivery instrument including an expandable element along a distal portion thereof; and
an expandable device including a cavity, the expandable device being removably mountable to the expandable element with the expandable element in the cavity and each of the expandable device and the expandable element in an unexpanded condition, wherein the expandable device is deliverable to an intravertebral space in the unexpanded condition and thereafter expandable with expansion of the expandable element to compress cancellous bone in the intravertebral space.
38. The system of claim 37, wherein the expandable element includes a balloon structure with an interior for receiving an expansion fluid.
39. The system of claim 38, wherein the expansion fluid is selectable from the group consisting of: saline solution, compressed air, and radio-contrast fluid.
40. The system of claim 38, wherein the delivery instrument includes a shaft defining a lumen in fluid communication with the interior of the expandable element.
41. The system of claim 37, wherein the expandable device includes a first portion and a second portion extending therealong, the first and second portions being movable away from one another upon expansion of the expandable element.
42. The system of claim 41, wherein the first and second portions each define an outer surface with bone engagement members therealong.
43. The system of claim 41, wherein the first and second portions are uni-directionally movable away from one another upon expansion of the expandable element.
44. The system of claim 41, wherein in an expanded configuration the first and second portions include outer surfaces adjacent distal ends thereof separated by a first height and outer surfaces adjacent proximal ends thereof separated by a second height, one of the first and second heights being greater than the other of the first and second heights.
45. The system of claim 44, wherein the expandable device is tapered between the first and second heights.
46. The system of claim 44, wherein the expandable device includes a stepped configuration between the first and second heights.
47. The system of claim 41, wherein the first and second portions include bone growth openings therethrough.
48. The system of claim 41, wherein the first and second portions are substantially rigid and the expandable element is non-rigid.
49. The system of claim 41, wherein the first and second portions are structured to maintain an expanded configuration after removal of the expandable element from the cavity therebetween.
50. The system of claim 41, further comprising bone filler material positionable in the cavity between the first and second portions.
51. The system of claim 50, wherein the bone filler material includes bone growth promoting material.
52. The system of claim 37, wherein the cavity opens at a distal and at a proximal end of the expandable device.
53. The system of claim 37, wherein in the unexpanded condition the expandable device includes a banana shape with a convexly curved anterior wall and a concavely curved posterior wall.
54. The system of claim 53, wherein when expanded the expandable device includes a D shape with the anterior wall convexly curved and the posterior wall linear.
55. A system for intravertebral reduction, comprising:
a delivery instrument including a non-rigid expandable element along a distal portion thereof; and
an expandable device including a cavity between substantially rigid first and second portions, the expandable device being structure for positioning in an intravertebral space, wherein the expandable element is expandable in the cavity to move the first and second portions away from one another and compress cancellous bone in the intravertebral space.
56. The system of claim 55, wherein the first and second portions each define an outer surface with bone engagement members therealong.
57. The system of claim 55, wherein the first and second portions remain movably engaged with one another during expansion of the expandable element.
58. The system of claim 55, wherein in an expanded configuration the first and second portions include outer surfaces adjacent distal ends thereof separated by a first height and outer surfaces adjacent proximal ends thereof separated by a second height, one of the first and second heights being greater than the other of the first and second heights.
59. The system of claim 58, wherein the expandable device is tapered between the first and second heights.
60. The system of claim 58, wherein the expandable device includes a stepped configuration between the first and second heights.
61. The system of claim 55, wherein the first and second portions include bone growth openings therethrough.
62. The system of claim 55, wherein the first and second portions are structured to maintain an expanded configuration after removal of the expandable element from the cavity therebetween.
63. The system of claim 55, further comprising bone filler material positionable in the cavity between the first and second portions.
64. The system of claim 55, wherein the expandable device is radially expandable.
65. The system of claim 55, wherein the expandable device includes a width between opposite sides thereof, the width remaining substantially constant in the unexpanded and expanded conditions.
66. The system of claim 65, wherein in the unexpanded condition the expandable device includes a banana shape with a convexly curved anterior wall and a concavely curved posterior wall.
67. The system of claim 66, wherein when expanded the expandable device includes a D shape with the anterior wall convexly curved and the posterior wall linear.