1. A magnetron of the type having a cathode and a surrounding anode, and a plurality of cavities defined by anode vanes comprising at least a first ring strap arranged generally around the cathode and in electrical contact with alternate ones of the vanes, the first ring strap having one or more protruding regions which protrude in a radial direction between the cathode and anode at one or more positions so as to increase the capacitance between the first ring strap and a second strap or between the first strap and anode vanes to which the first strap is not connected.
2. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the one or more positions are between the anode vanes to which the at least first ring strap is connected.
3. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the protruding regions protrude radially inwards.
4. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the protruding regions protrude towards tips of the anode vanes.
5. A magnetron according to claim 1, comprising a second strap generally surrounded by the first ring strap, wherein the one or more protruding regions of the first ring strap protrude towards the second strap so as to increase the capacitance between the first and the second straps.
6. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the protruding regions are arranged to increase the capacitance for alternate vanes.
7. A magnetron according to any preceding claim 1, wherein the protruding regions are arranged asymmetrically around a portion of the at least first strap ring.
8. A magnetron according to claim 7, wherein the protruding regions are arranged on one half of the at least first strap ring.
9. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the protruding regions comprise deviations in the first strap ring itself.
10. A magnetron according to claim 1, wherein the protruding regions comprise thickenings of the first strap ring.
11. A magnetron comprising a plurality of anode vanes and a first strap in contact with alternate ones of the vanes, the strap having a protruding region.
12. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first strap has a plurality of protruding regions.
13. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, wherein the protruding regions are substantially periodically spaced around at least a portion of the strap.
14. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, wherein the strap comprises an open ring.
15. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, wherein the strap comprises a closed ring.
16. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, wherein the strap is adjustable.
17. A magnetron as claimed in claim 16, wherein the strap is flexible.
18. A magnetron as claimed in 11, further comprising a second strap in contact with alternate others of the vanes.
19. A magnetron as claimed in claim 18, wherein the second strap includes at least one protruding region.
20. A magnetron as claimed in claim 11, including a plurality of straps, at least some of which have at least one protruding region.
21. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first strap has a plurality of protruding regions
22. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protruding regions are substantially periodically spaced around at least a portion of the strap.
23. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strap comprises an open ring.
24. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strap comprises a closed ring.
25. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strap is adjustable.
26. A magnetron as claimed in claim 25, wherein the strap is flexible.
27. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second strap in contact with alternate others of the vanes.
28. A magnetron as claimed in claim 27, wherein the second strap includes at least one protruding region.
29. A magnetron as claimed in claim 1, including a plurality of straps, at least some of which have at least one protruding region.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-90. (canceled)
91. A method for detecting presence of an antibody in a biological sample obtained from a test species, the method comprising:
a) performing an antibody based diagnostic test on the biological sample;
b) performing the antibody based diagnostic test on a positive control, wherein the positive control shows a positive reaction; and
c) comparing results of step a) with results of step b), whereby the presence of an antibody in the biological sample is detected by a positive reaction in step a);
wherein the positive control comprises a complex formed between (i) an antibody or biologically active fragment thereof from a first species, wherein the first species is different from the test species and (ii) a bifunctional molecule, the bifunctional molecule comprising a binding region that binds to the antibody of the first species, and a constant region from an antibody of the test species, the constant region comprising at least one CH domain or an epitope thereof.
92. The method according to claim 91, wherein the bifunctional molecule binds to the constant region of the antibody of the first species.
93. The method according to claim 91, wherein the binding region of the bifunctional molecule is of non-antibody origin.
94. The method according to claim 93, wherein the binding region is a protein selected from the group consisting of Streptococcal protein G, Staphylococcal aureus protein A, and Peptostreptococcus magnus protein L, or a fragment thereof.
95. The method according to claim 93, wherein the binding region comprises fragment B of Staphylococcus aureus protein A.
96. The method according to claim 93, wherein the binding region comprises a mouse Fc y receptor or fragment thereof.
97. The method according to claim 93, wherein the binding region comprises histidine rich glycoprotein.
98. The method according to claim 91, wherein the binding region has a KD for the antibody of the first species of less than 10\u22126 M.
99. The method according to claim 91, wherein the binding region has a KD for the antibody of the first species of less than 10\u22128 M.
100. The method according to claim 91, wherein the binding region binds to one or more non-naturally occurring group(s) provided on the constant region of the antibody of the first species.
101. The method according to claim 100, wherein the group(s) is a biotin molecule and the binding region comprises streptavidin or a fragment thereof.
102. The method according to claim 91, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises one or more constant domains from an IgM antibody.
103. The method according to claim 102, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises one or more CH3\u03bc domains.
104. The method according to claim 91, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises one or more constant domains from an IgG antibody.
105. The method according to claim 104, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises one or more CH3\u03b3 domains.
106. The method according to claim 91, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises one or more constant domains from an IgA antibody.
107. The method according to claim 91, wherein the constant region from the antibody of the test species comprises or consists of a non-naturally occurring combination of immunoglobulin CH domains or epitopes thereof.
108. The method according to claim 91, wherein the constant region from an antibody of the test species consists of a single CH domain.
109. The method according to claim 91, wherein the binding region and the constant region from the antibody of the test species are linked directly or are separated by a linker molecule of between 1 and 20 amino acids in length.
110. The method according to claim 91, wherein the first species is a rat or mouse.
111. The method according to claim 91, wherein the test species is a human.
112. The method according to claim 91, wherein the antibodies to be detected are antibodies characteristic of a disease selected from the group consisting of dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, spotted fever, herpes infection, parvovirus infection, melioidosis, typohid, leptospirosis, malaria, yellow fever, whooping cough, systemic candidiasisthrush, chicken pox, shingles, ADS, hepatitis, liver cancer, cervical cancer, infectious mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Ross River fever, brucella, exanthum subitum (sixth diseaseroseola infantum), erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), Q fever, cold sores, genital herpes, spotted fever and scrub typhus.
113. The method according to claim 91, wherein the antibody based diagnostic test is selected from the group consisting of ELISA, immunochromatography, particle agglutination ELISA and biosensor assays.