1. A detection device comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of objects of which properties are changed due to the contact with a target substance,
a means for bringing the target substance into contact with the objects, and
means for detecting a change in properties of the objects caused when the target substance is brought into contact with the objects, based on light output generated when the objects are irradiated with light, wherein
the plurality of the objects are located in the direction in which the light for irradiation travels, and
the detecting means is a means for detecting the change in the properties based on the summation of light output from the plurality of the objects upon irradiation with light.
2. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein the objects are microparticles containing a metal element.
3. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein
the objects further comprise a trap for trapping the target substance on the surface, and
the target substance is trapped in the trap.
4. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein the detecting means is a fluorescence method, an electrochemiluminescence method or a plasmon resonance method.
5. The detection device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a channel for transporting the sample.
6. A detection method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate comprising a plurality of objects of which properties are changed due to the contact with a target substance,
bringing the target substance into contact with the objects, and
detecting a change in properties of the objects caused when the target substance is brought into contact with the objects in the contact step, based on light output when the objects are irradiated with light, wherein
the detecting step comprises a detection based on the summation of light output from the plurality of the objects located in the direction in which the light for irradiation travels.
7. A detection chip comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of objects of which properties are changed due to the contact with a target substance and
a means for bringing the target substance into contact with the objects, wherein
a change in properties of the objects caused when the target substance is brought into contact with the objects is detected based on light output generated when the objects are irradiated with light, and the plurality of the objects are located in the direction in which the light for irradiation travels.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method performed by a data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
accessing, by a computer, an address map of a memory device, the address map referencing first memory locations and second memory locations of the memory device, wherein the first memory locations store data that are to be encrypted by a full disk encryption operation on the memory device;
designating, by the computer, the second memory locations as being encrypted without performing an encryption operation on the second memory locations, wherein the second memory locations comprise empty memory locations; and
encrypting, by the computer, only the data stored in memory locations of the memory device not already designated as encrypted, wherein the data of the first memory locations and the second memory locations are designated as being disk encrypted following the encrypting.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprises:
determining one or more sets of contiguous second memory locations;
for each set of contiguous second memory locations:
determining a corresponding location range, the corresponding location range specifying a beginning logical address and an ending logical address; and
designating the corresponding location range as being encrypted.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the address map of the memory device represents logical addresses of a disk drive.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory device is a solid-state memory device, and the address map maps logical addresses to physical addresses of the memory device.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the solid-state memory device is a flash memory device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data stored in memory locations of the memory device not already designated as encrypted are to be encrypted using a non-expansive encryption process.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing, by the computer, a logical addresses map of a memory device, after encrypting the data;
designating, by the computer, the second memory locations as being decrypted; and
decrypting, by the computer, only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device so that the data of the first memory locations and the second memory locations are designated as being decrypted.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprised designating from a pre-boot environment the second memory locations as being encrypted; and
encrypting only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device comprises encrypting from a host operating system environment only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
accessing the address map comprises accessing a logical address map of the memory device, the logical address map referencing the first memory locations and second memory locations of the memory device by logical addresses, and wherein the first and second memory locations correspond to physical memory locations that are addressed by physical addresses that are mapped to the logical addresses in a mapping table; and
designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprises designating the logical addresses corresponding to the second memory locations as being encrypted.
10. A system, comprising:
a data processing apparatus;
a memory device;
instructions stored in a computer readable medium, the instructions being executable to cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
accessing an address map of the memory device, the address map referencing first memory locations and second memory locations of the memory device,
wherein the first memory locations store data that are to be encrypted by a full disk encryption operation on the memory device;
designating the second memory locations as being encrypted without performing an encryption operation on the second memory locations, wherein the second memory locations comprise empty memory locations; and
encrypting only the data stored in memory locations of the memory device not already designated as encrypted, wherein the data of the first memory locations and the second memory locations are designated as being disk encrypted following the encrypting.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprises:
determining one or more sets of contiguous second memory locations;
for each set of contiguous second memory locations:
determining a corresponding location range, the corresponding location range specifying a beginning logical address and an ending logical address; and
designating the corresponding location range as being encrypted.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the address map of the memory device represents logical addresses of a disk drive.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the memory device is a solid-state memory device, and the address map maps logical addresses to physical addresses of the memory device.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the solid-state memory device is a flash memory device.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the data stored in memory locations of the memory device not already designated as encrypted are to be encrypted using a non-expansive encryption process.
16. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions further comprise the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
accessing a logical addresses map of a memory device, after encrypting the data;
designating the second memory locations as being decrypted; and
decrypting only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device so that the data of the first memory locations and the second memory locations are designated as being decrypted.
17. The system of claim 10, wherein:
designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprised designating from a pre-boot environment the second memory locations as being encrypted; and
encrypting only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device comprises encrypting from a host operating system environment only the data stored in the first memory locations of the memory device.
18. The system of claim 10, wherein:
accessing the address map comprises accessing a logical address map of the memory device, the logical address map referencing the first memory locations and second memory locations of the memory device by logical addresses, and wherein the first and second memory locations correspond to physical memory locations that are addressed by physical addresses that are mapped to the logical addresses in a mapping table; and
designating the second memory locations as being encrypted comprises designating the logical addresses corresponding to the second memory locations as being encrypted.
19. At least one non-transitory machine accessible storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions when executed on a machine, cause the machine to:
access an address map of a memory device, the address map referencing first memory locations and second memory locations of the memory device;
determine that data at the second memory locations is to be left unencrypted by a full disk encryption operation on the memory device, wherein the full disk encryption operation is to encrypt data stored at the first memory locations and the second memory location comprise empty memory locations;
designate the second memory locations as being encrypted; and
encrypt only the data stored in memory locations of the memory device not already designated as encrypted, wherein the encrypting encrypts data of the first memory locations and data of the first memory locations and the second memory locations are designated as being disk encrypted following the encrypting.
20. The storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that data at the second memory locations is to be left unencrypted by a full disk encryption operation on the memory device includes identifying the second memory locations as empty memory locations.