1. A method for treatment of a collagenase-linked degenerative disease in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutic effective amount of a composition comprising:
i) at least one collagen synthesis activator selected from the group consisting of ascorbyl \u03b5-aminocaproate, and ascorbyl aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid;
ii) at least one fibrinolytic inhibitor selected from the group consisting of \u03b5-aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid, p-aminomethylbenzoic acid, p-benzylamine sulfuric acid, \u03b1-N-acetyl-lysine-methyl ester, cistrans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans-4-aminomethycyclohexane carboxylic acid, 4-aminomethyl-bicyclo-2,2.2-octane carboxylic acid, natural lysine and proline;
iii) at least one anti-oxidant selected from the group consisting of tocopherol, carotene and N-acetyl cysteine, selenium, and probucol; and
iv) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the i)-iv) ingredients of the composition function to inhibit extracellular matrix degradation and stimulate collagen synthesis so as to treat the collagenase-linked degenerative disease.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is administered orally or parenterally.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a plurality of actuators related to operation of the internal combustion engine;
a demand output unit that outputs demands related to various performances that are required at one time for the internal combustion engine, each of the demands being expressed in one or more physical quantities selected for each of the performances from among three types of physical quantities, which are torque, efficiency of actually output torque to potentially outputable torque of the internal combustion engine and an air-fuel ratio, the demand output unit comprising one or more elements outputting demands expressed in one or more types of physical quantities including torque at least, one or more elements outputting demands expressed in one or more types of physical quantities including efficiency at least and one or more elements outputting demands expressed in one or more types of physical quantities including air-fuel ratio at least;
a torque mediation unit that collects, of a plurality of demand values output from the demand output unit, only demand values expressed in terms of torque, and then mediates the torque demand values into one in accordance with a predetermined rule;
an efficiency mediation unit that collects, of the plurality of demand values, only demand values expressed in terms of efficiency, and then mediates the efficiency demand values into one in accordance with a predetermined rule;
an air-fuel ratio mediation unit that collects, of the plurality of demand values, only demand values expressed in terms of an air-fuel ratio, and then mediates the air-fuel ratio demand values into one in accordance with a predetermined rule; and
a control variable computing unit that computes control variables of each actuator, based upon the torque demand value, efficiency demand value, and air-fuel ratio demand value output from the respective mediation units.
2. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the various performances include performances related to drivability, performances related to exhaust gases, and performances related to fuel consumption.
3. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of actuators include an actuator that adjusts an intake air amount in the internal combustion engine, an actuator that adjusts ignition timing in the internal combustion engine, and an actuator that adjusts a fuel injection amount in the internal combustion engine.
4. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, the control apparatus further comprising:
a modification unit that modifies at least one of the torque demand value, efficiency demand value, and air-fuel ratio demand value output from the respective mediation units, and thereby ensures that a combustion condition determined by a relationship among the torque demand value, the efficiency demand value, and the air-fuel ratio demand value falls within a combustion limit.
5. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 4,
wherein the modification unit modifies only either the efficiency demand value or the air-fuel ratio demand value without modifying the torque demand value.
6. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the control variable computing unit includes a storage portion in which are stored respective standard values of the efficiency demand value and the air-fuel ratio demand value; and
the control variable computing unit is constructed such that if the efficiency demand value is not output from the efficiency mediation unit or if the air-fuel ratio demand value is not output from the air-fuel ratio mediation unit, the computing unit uses the stored standard values to compute the control variables of each actuator.
7. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the efficiency mediation unit includes a storage portion in which standard values are stored for items corresponding to the demand values that are to be output from the demand output unit to the efficiency mediation unit; and
the efficiency mediation unit is constructed such that for an item corresponding to a demand value not to be output from the demand output unit to the efficiency mediation unit, the mediation unit uses the stored appropriate standard value to adjust the efficiency demand value.
8. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
wherein the air-fuel ratio mediation unit includes a storage portion in which standard values are stored for items corresponding to the demand values that are to be output from the demand output unit to the air-fuel ratio mediation unit; and
the air-fuel ratio mediation unit is constructed such that for an item corresponding to a demand value not to be output from the demand output unit, the air-fuel ratio mediation unit uses the stored appropriate standard value to adjust the air-fuel ratio demand value.
9. The control apparatus for the internal combustion engine according to claim 6,
wherein, of the demands related to the various performances, items expressed in terms of efficiency and items expressed in terms of the air-fuel ratio are each assigned a predetermined standard demand; and
the demand output unit is constructed such that for items expressed in terms of efficiency or the air-fuel ratio, the output unit will output demand values only if demands different from respective standard demands exist.