1. An all-wheel-drive vehicle including at least two gearless (direct-drive) electric motors, an electric power supply source, and an electric motor power supply control unit, wherein each of said motors comprises:
(i) at least one annular magnetic conductor on which an even number of permanent magnets are uniformly arranged with a predetermined pitch;
(ii) an annular frame separated from said magnetic conductor by an air gap and bearing an even number of electromagnets arranged in pairs one opposite to another; and
(iii) a device for switching the polarity of a potential difference applied to said electromagnets, where a number m1 of the pairs of opposing electromagnets in one electric motor and a number m2 of the pairs of opposing electromagnets in the other electric motor obey the relation m1>m2 and the power supply control unit is adapted to feed each electric motor separately and independently.
2. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein a number n1 of said permanent magnets in one electric motor and a number n2 of permanent magnets in the other electric motor obey the relation n1>n2.
3. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in each motor the annular magnetic conductor is situated on a stator, the annular frame is mounted on a rotor, and the device for switching the polarity of the potential difference applied to the electromagnets comprises
(i) a collector distributor mounted on the stator body, containing current-conducting plates separated by insulating spacers and connected with alternating polarity to the power supply source, and
(ii) current collectors mounted on the rotor, capable of contacting with plates of the collector distributor, and connected to coils of said electromagnets.
4. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein
(i) said electromagnets consist of two coils with opposite winding directions, which are connected in series;
(ii) the coils of adjacent electromagnets are also connected in series;
(iii) corresponding terminals of opposing electromagnets not contacting with current collectors are connected to each other; and
(iv) the number n of permanent magnets obeys the relation n=10+4c, where k is an arbitrary integer (k=0, 1, 2, . . . ).
5. A vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number m of the pairs of opposing electromagnets obeys the relation m=2+L, where L is any integer such that O\u2266L\u2266k.
6. A vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the power supply unit is a direct current unit, and wherein in each motor positive current-conducting plates of said collector distributor are connected to a positive output of the dc power supply unit, and negative current-conducting plates of the collector distributor are connected to a case of the electric motor.
7. A vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the power supply unit is a direct current unit, and wherein in each motor positive current-conducting plates of said collector distributor are connected to a positive output of the dc power supply unit, and negative current-conducting plates of the collector distributor are connected to a negative output of the dc power supply unit and insulated from a case of the electric motor.
8. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in each motor a rotor is arranged outside a stator.
9. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in each motor a rotor is arranged inside a stator.
10. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least two identical electric motors on the same axis.
11. A vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least two of said electric motors are connected in series to the electric power supply source.
12. A vehicle as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a means of changing the mode of connection of said electric motors to the power supply source from serial to parallel and vice versa.
13. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power supply source contains two sets of batteries alternately connected to different electric motors.
14. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic conductor is situated on a rotor, the annular frame with electromagnets is situated on a stator, and said device for switching the polarity of the potential difference applied to the electromagnets comprises an inverter.
15. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power supply source includes an electric generator powered by an organic or petrochemical fuel.
16. A vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electric motor with a greater number of electromagnets is operable as an electric generator.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A stream data anomaly detection method, for detecting an anomaly from input data received by an interface on a computer,
the computer comprising:
a processor;
a memory;
the interface;
an input module for receiving the input data;
an anomaly detection module for detecting the anomaly from the input data; and
an index management module for managing an index for detecting the anomaly from the input data,
the anomaly detection method for stream data comprising:
a first step of receiving, by the input module, the input data received by the interface;
a second step of comparing, by the anomaly detection module, the received input data with the index, and when a difference between a value of the input data and the index satisfies a predetermined condition, detecting the anomaly from the input data;
a third step of determining, by the index management module, whether or not to recalculate the index; and
a fourth step of recalculating, by the index management module, a new index based on the input data when it is determined that the index is to be recalculated, and substituting the index by the calculated index,
the third step comprising:
a fifth step of calculating a maximum count of the recalculation of the index based on an amount of the unprocessed input data that is yet to be processed by the anomaly detection module among pieces of input data received by the input module, an arithmetic operation time required for the recalculation of the index, and a time constraint set in advance;
a sixth step of calculating a predetermined threshold value corresponding to a number of pieces of input data received after the previous calculation of the index;
a seventh step of calculating the difference between the value of the input data and the index;
an eighth step of comparing the difference with the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data, determining that the predetermined threshold value is to be recalculated when the difference is larger than the predetermined threshold value, and executing processing for executing the recalculation of the index until the maximum count of the recalculation is reached; and
a ninth step of substituting the index by the recalculated new index.
2. The stream data anomaly detection method according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step comprises setting in advance a processing time required for processing performed by the anomaly detection module for each amount of the unprocessed input data that is yet to be processed by the anomaly detection module, and calculating such a maximum count of the recalculation that a sum of the processing time corresponding to the amount of the unprocessed input data and the arithmetic operation time required for the recalculation of the index falls within the time constraint set in advance.
3. The stream data anomaly detection method according to claim 1, wherein:
the sixth step comprises determining, based on the maximum count of the recalculation, the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data received after the recalculation of the index as a determination criterion for recalculating the index;
the seventh step comprises calculating a distance between the value of the input data and the index as the difference, and calculating a total sum of the distances in order until the number of pieces of unprocessed input data is reached; and
the eighth step comprises comparing the total sum of distances with the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data each time the total sum of distances between the value of the input data and the index is calculated in order in the seventh step, and determining that the predetermined threshold value is to be recalculated when the total sum of distances is larger than the predetermined threshold value.
4. The stream data anomaly detection method according to claim 1, further comprising a tenth step of accumulating, by the index management module, a past index when the index is substituted,
wherein the eighth step comprises setting, as the new index, the past index having the difference smaller than that of the current index after executing the processing for executing the recalculation of the index until the maximum count of the recalculation is reached.
5. The stream data anomaly detection method according to claim 1, wherein:
the input module comprises a queue for retaining the input data; and
the third step comprises acquiring the amount of the input data based on a size of the queue containing the unprocessed input data.
6. A stream data anomaly detection device, for detecting an anomaly from input data received by an interface, the anomaly detection device for stream data comprising a computer,
the computer comprising:
a processor;
a memory;
the interface;
an input module for receiving the input data;
an anomaly detection module for detecting the anomaly from the input data; and
an index management module for calculating an index for detecting the anomaly from the input data,
the input module being configured to receive the input data received by the interface,
the anomaly detection module being configured to compare the input data received by the input module with the index, and when a difference between a value of the input data and the index satisfies a predetermined condition, detect the anomaly from the input data,
the index management module comprising:
an index calculation determination module for determining whether or not to recalculate the index; and
an index calculation module for recalculating a new index based on the input data when it is determined that the index is to be recalculated, and substituting the index by the calculated index,
the index calculation determination module being configured to:
calculate a maximum count of the recalculation of the index based on an amount of the unprocessed input data that is yet to be processed by the anomaly detection module among pieces of input data received by the input module, an arithmetic operation time required for the recalculation of the index, and a time constraint set in advance;
calculate a predetermined threshold value corresponding to a number of pieces of input data received after the previous calculation of the index;
calculate the difference between the value of the input data and the index;
compare the difference with the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data, determine that the predetermined threshold value is to be recalculated when the difference is larger than the predetermined threshold value, and execute processing for executing the recalculation of the index until the maximum count of the recalculation is reached; and
substitute the index by the recalculated new index.
7. The stream data anomaly detection device according to claim 6, wherein the index calculation determination module is further configured to set in advance a processing time required for processing performed by the anomaly detection module for each amount of the unprocessed input data that is yet to be processed by the anomaly detection module, and calculate such a maximum count of the recalculation that a sum of the processing time corresponding to the amount of the unprocessed input data and the arithmetic operation time required for the recalculation of the index falls within the time constraint set in advance.
8. The stream data anomaly detection device according to claim 6, wherein the index calculation determination module is further configured to:
determine, based on the maximum count of the recalculation, the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data received after the recalculation of the index as a determination criterion for recalculating the index;
calculate a distance between the value of the input data and the index as the difference, and calculate a total sum of the distances in order until the number of pieces of unprocessed input data is reached; and
compare the total sum of distances with the predetermined threshold value corresponding to the number of pieces of input data each time the total sum of distances between the value of the input data and the index is calculated in order, and determine that the predetermined threshold value is to be recalculated when the total sum of distances is larger than the predetermined threshold value.
9. The stream data anomaly detection device according to claim 6, wherein the index calculation module is configured to:
accumulate a past index; and
set, as the new index, the past index having the difference smaller than that of the current index after executing the processing for executing the recalculation of the index until the maximum count of the recalculation is reached.
10. The stream data anomaly detection device according to claim 6, wherein:
the input module comprises a queue for retaining the input data; and
the index calculation determination module is further configured to acquire the amount of the input data based on a size of the queue containing the unprocessed input data.