1. A process for making a solid cosmetic composition, the process comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a first process stream comprising a solvent and a gellant, the first process stream having a first temperature sufficiently high to melt the gellant;
(b) forming a second process stream comprising an antiperspirant andor deodorant active, the second process stream having a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature; and
(c) forming a mixed process stream by combining the first process stream and the second process stream in a mixing chamber, so that the mixed process stream has a temperature, within the mixing chamber and within about 3.5 inches from the point of combining the first process stream and the second process stream, that is more than 15\xb0 C. lower than the first temperature.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixed process stream has a temperature, within the mixing chamber and within about 2 inches from the point of combining the first process stream and the second process stream, that is more than 15\xb0 C. lower than the first temperature.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixed process stream has a temperature, within the mixing chamber and within about 1 inch from the point of combining the first process stream and the second process stream, that is more than 15\xb0 C. lower than the first temperature.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixed process stream has a temperature, within the mixing chamber and within about 3.5 inches from the point of combining the first process stream and the second process stream, that is more than 20\xb0 C. lower than the first temperature.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixed process stream has a temperature, within the mixing chamber and within about 3.5 inches from the point of combining the first process stream and the second process stream, that is more than 30\xb0 C. lower than the first temperature.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is at least about 20\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is at least about 40\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the second temperature is at least about 60\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
9. A process for making a solid cosmetic composition, the process comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a first process stream comprising a solvent and a gellant, the first process stream having a first temperature;
(b) forming a second process stream comprising an antiperspirant andor deodorant active, the second process stream having a second temperature that is at least about 5\xb0 C. below the first temperature;
(c) forming a mixed process stream by combining the first process stream and the second process stream in a mixing chamber; and
(d) filling a container with the mixed process stream at a filling temperature, wherein the filling temperature is obtained substantially in the absence of active cooling.
10. The process of claim 9, wherein the filling temperature is obtained entirely in the absence of active cooling.
11. The process of claim 9, wherein the second temperature is at least about 20\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
12. The process of claim 9, wherein the second temperature is at least about 40\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
13. The process of claim 9, wherein the second temperature is at least about 60\xb0 C. below the first temperature.
14. A solid antiperspirant composition, comprising:
(a) a gellant;
(b) a liquid emollient or solvent; and
(c) an antiperspirant active andor deodorant active;
wherein the solid antiperspirant composition exhibits an average standard deviation of less than or equal to about 5 of penetration peak force measurements taken in accordance with a penetration test method as defined herein.
15. A solid antiperspirant composition, comprising:
(a) a gellant;
(b) a liquid emollient or solvent; and
(c) an antiperspirant active andor deodorant active;
wherein the solid antiperspirant composition exhibits an average standard deviation of less than or equal to about 40 of Hardness Modulus measurements taken in accordance with a penetration test method as defined herein.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An energy storage device (ESD) comprising:
a stack of a plurality of bi-polar electrode units, wherein each electrode unit comprises:
a conductive substrate;
a positive active material electrode layer on a first surface of the conductive substrate; and
a negative active material electrode layer on a second surface of the conductive substrate;
an electrolyte layer provided between each pair of adjacent electrode units; and
a flexible gasket positioned about each of the electrolyte layers wherein the gasket is mechanically deformable in a predetermined manner.
2. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the flexible gasket maintains the inter-electrode spacing of the positive active material electrode layer and the negative active material electrode layer during operation of the ESD.
3. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the flexible gasket minimizes the movement of the positive active material electrode layer and the negative active material electrode layer relative to one another.
4. The ESD of claim 1 further comprising:
a plurality of springs, the springs configured to deflect in response to an increase in the pressure within the ESD.
5. The ESD of claim 1 further comprising a separator within each electrolyte layer, the separator electrically isolating a respective positive active material electrode layer from a respective negative active material electrode layer.
6. The ESD of claim 1 further comprising a hard stop positioned radially outwardly from the gasket.
7. The ESD of claim 6 wherein the hard stop comprises an inner rim with a shelf on which the respective outer edge of the plurality of electrodes is aligned.
8. The ESD of claim 7 wherein the shelf on the inner rim sets the spacing between adjacent electrodes of the ESD.
9. The ESD of claim 6 wherein the hard stop further comprises:
a plurality of studs; and
a plurality of stud holes, the plurality of stud holes adapted to engage a respective stud on an adjacent hard stop.
10. The ESD of claim 9 wherein the studs are adapted to engage the stud holes to align adjacent hard stops without the use of tools.
11. The ESD of claim 9 wherein the plurality of studs align a substrate flange of the substrate to the hard stop by keeping the substrate centered on an axis collinear with the stacking direction of the stack assembly.
12. The ESD of claim 6 wherein the hard stop comprises an outer rim having a set of holes for a plurality of compression bolts, the holes aligning the stack of electrodes during assembly and providing stability during operation of the ESD.
13. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the predetermined direction is in a stacking direction that is normal to the surface of the electrodes.
14. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the predetermined direction is radially outwardly from a stacking direction.
15. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the predetermined direction is in an off-axes direction.
16. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the flexible gasket has a plurality of predetermined directions.
17. The ESD of claim 1 wherein the deformation of the gasket reduces internal stresses within each cell of the ESD by equalizing pressure within the ESD while maintaining optimal inter-electrode spacing.
18. An energy storage device (ESD) in which inter-electrode spacing is maintained, the ESD comprising:
a plurality of cell segments, wherein each cell segment comprises:
a first conductive substrate having a first active material electrode layer;
a second conductive substrate having a second active material electrode layer; and
an electrolyte layer provided between the first and second active material electrode layers; and
a plurality of hard stops wherein each respective conductive substrate is fixedly positioned on a respective hard stop, the hard stop configured to set the inter-electrode spacing of the ESD.
19. The ESD of claim 18, further comprising:
an alignment ring provided at each end of the ESD, the alignment ring comprising a plurality of bolt holes for a plurality of bolts, wherein the bolts align each of the plurality of cell segments.
20. The ESD of claim 18 wherein the inter-electrode spacing of each of the plurality of cell segments varies based on the respective first and second active material electrode layers within each respective cell segment.