1. A measuring head for an air micrometer, the measuring head configured to be mounted on a main spindle of a machine tool at the time of measurement and inserted into a bush hole of a bush attached to a work table of the machine tool, for measuring an amount of eccentricity between the bush hole and the main spindle,
the measuring head characterized by comprising:
a measuring-head body portion; and
a measuring-head tip portion provided on a distal end of the measuring-head body portion, and configured to be inserted into the bush hole at the time of the measurement
the measuring head characterized in that one or a plurality of measurement air nozzles are formed in the measuring-head tip portion the measurement air nozzles configured to blow measurement air to a gap between an outer peripheral surface of the measuring-head tip portion and an inner peripheral surface of the bush hole respectively through jetting openings in the outer peripheral surface at the time of measurement,
individual measurement air supply passages corresponding to the respective measurement air nozzles are formed in the measurement-head body portion,
the measurement air is supplied to the measurement air nozzles respectively through the individual measurement air supply passages,
the measurement air nozzles are a first measurement air nozzle and a second measurement air nozzle each of which is formed to extend in a radial direction of the measuring-head tip portion, and which have an angle of 180 degrees with respect to each other in a circumferential direction of the measuring-head tip portion,
the measurement air supply passages are a first measurement air supply passage for supplying the measurement air to the first measurement air nozzle and a second measurement air supply passage for supplying the measurement air to the second measurement air nozzle, and
the measurement air is supplied from a first measurement air supply passage and a second measurement air supply passage that are formed in a support portion of the main spindle, through a first measurement air supply passage and a second measurement air supply passage in a rotary joint mounted on the measuring-head body portion, to the first measurement air supply passage and the second measurement air supply passage in the measuring-head body portion, respectively, or
the measurement air is supplied from a first measurement air supply passage and a second measurement air supply passage that are formed in a support portion of the main spindle, through a first measurement air supply passage and a second measurement air supply passage in a rotary joint mounted on the main spindle as well as a first measurement air supply passage and a second measurement air supply passage that are formed in the main spindle, to the first measurement air supply passage and the second measurement air supply passage in the measuring-head body portion, respectively.
2. A measuring head for an air micrometer, the measuring head configured to be mounted on a main spindle of a machine tool at the time of measurement and inserted into a bush hole of a bush attached to a work table of the machine tool, for measuring an amount of eccentricity between the bush hole and the main spindle,
the measuring head characterized by comprising:
a measuring-head body portion; and
a measuring-head tip portion provided on a distal end of the measuring-head body portion, and configured to be inserted into the bush hole at the time of the measurement, the measuring head characterized in that
one or a plurality of measurement air nozzles are formed in the measuring-head tip portion the measurement air nozzles configured to blow measurement air to a gap between an outer peripheral surface of the measuring-head tip portion and an inner peripheral surface of the bush hole respectively through jetting openings in the outer peripheral surface at the time of measurement,
individual measurement air supply passages corresponding to the respective measurement air nozzles are formed in the measurement-head body portion,
the measurement air is supplied to the measurement air nozzles respectively through the individual measurement air supply passages,
the measurement air nozzles are a single measurement air nozzle formed to extend in a radial direction of the measuring-head tip portion,
the measurement air supply passages are a single measurement air supply passage for supplying the measurement air to the single measurement air nozzle, and
the measurement air is supplied from a measurement air supply passage that is formed in a support portion of the main spindle, through a measurement air supply passage in a rotary joint mounted on the measuring-head body portion, to the measurement air supply passage in the measuring head body portion, or
the measurement air is supplied from a measurement air supply passage that is formed in a support portion of the main spindle, through a measurement air supply passage in a rotary joint mounted on the main spindle as well as a measurement air supply passage that is formed in the main spindle, to the measurement air supply passage in the measuring head body portion.
3. A measuring head for an air micrometer, the measuring head configured to be mounted on a main spindle of a machine tool at the time of measurement and inserted into a bush hole of a bush attached to a work table of the machine tool, for measuring an amount of eccentricity between the bush hole and the main spindle,
the measuring head characterized by comprising:
a measuring-head body portion; and
a measuring-head tip portion provided on a distal end of the measuring-head body portion, and configured to be inserted into the bush hole at the time of the measurement,
the measuring head characterized in that
one or a plurality of measurement air nozzles are formed in the measuring-head tip portion, the measurement air nozzles configured to blow measurement air to a gap between an outer peripheral surface of the measuring-head tip portion and an inner peripheral surface of the bush hole respectively through jetting openings in the outer peripheral surface at the time of measurement,
individual measurement air supply passages corresponding to the respective measurement air nozzles are formed in the measurement-head body portion, and
the measurement air is supplied to the measurement air nozzles respectively through the individual measurement air supply passages,
the measuring-head body portion includes:
a distal-end-side member to which the measuring-head tip portion is fixed;
a proximal-end-side member;
an elastic member interposed between the distal-end-side member and the proximal-end-side member; and
a flexible hose connecting a measurement air supply passage that is formed in the distal-end-side member and a measurement air supply passage that is formed in the proximal-end-side member to each other.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An antenna for communicating with a remote communication system, comprising:
main and sub reflectors;
a beam shaping element facing said sub reflector and having a plurality of feeding points;
a plurality of ortho-mode transducers (OMTs); and
a plurality of waveguides each having a proximal end connected to another of said plurality of OMTs and a distal end connected to one of said plurality of feeding points;
wherein said beam shaping element is sized and shaped to form an ellipsoidal beam creating a first elliptical spot on said sub reflector by combining a plurality of polarized intermediate transmission signals; each of said polarized intermediate transmission signals is originated from another of said plurality of OMTs.
2. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a polarization motor to rotate and synchronically said plurality of OMTs to separately and synchronically polarize each one of said polarized intermediate transmission signals.
3. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of linear to circular polarizing elements each separately connected to one of said plurality of OMTs; each said polarized intermediate transmission signal being conducted via another of said plurality of waveguides and having a polarization converted by another of said plurality of linear to circular polarizing elements.
4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein said plurality of polarized intermediate transmission signals have a common circular polarization and a common phase.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said beam shaping element comprises a common feed horn.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said beam shaping element comprises a plurality of spate feed horns.
7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a ratio of magnitudes of an axis defined by electric field vectors of said ellipsoidal beam and said polarized intermediate transmission signals is about 1:1.
8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said beam shaping element having a beam shaping portion with a wavy contour that encircles said plurality of feeding points.
9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein said wavy contour is circular and continuous.
10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna is a vehicle mounted antenna.
11. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said ellipsoidal beam having a width length ratio of at least 2.5:1.
12. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a transmitter which generates radiation energy from which said plurality of polarized intermediate transmission signals are originated, said transmitter is located behind said main reflector.
13. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said plurality of waveguides are mounted to traverse said main reflector in a niche located in a lower portion of said main reflector.
14. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said plurality of waveguides are mounted one on top of on another above a common axis which is perpendicular to said main reflector.
15. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a splitting element which receives a base signal generated by a transmitter and outputs said plurality of signals to said plurality of OMTs.
16. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a combining element having an output which is connected to a receiver and a plurality of inputs each separately connected to another of said plurality of OMTs.
17. The antenna of claim 16, wherein said combining element receives a plurality of intermediate reception signals from said plurality of OMTs, combines them to a single reception communication signal, and forward said single reception signal to said receiver.
18. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a splitting element having an input which is connected to a transmitter and a plurality of outputs each separately connected to another of said plurality of OMTs.
19. The antenna of claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of waveguides having a bended passage with a bended angle of at least 5 degrees in relation to a central axis of a respective said waveguide.
20. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said beam shaping element comprises a plurality of partly conical structures having a common base that forms a common contour.
21. A method of transmitting a signal to a remote communication system as an ellipsoidal beam, comprising:
splitting a transmission energy to a plurality of transmission signals;
separately polarizing each of said plurality of transmission signals;
separately conducting each of said plurality of polarized transmission signals in one of a plurality of waveguides;
combining said plurality of polarized transmission signals so as to generate an ellipsoidal beam; and
directing said ellipsoidal beam as an ellipsoidal antenna beam toward the remote communication system.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said separately polarizing comprises separately converting a linear polarization of each said transmission signal to a circular polarization such that said plurality of polarized transmission signals are a plurality of circularly polarized transmission signals.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein a first ratio axial ratio defined by first electric field vectors of said ellipsoidal beam and a second ratio axial defined by second electric field vectors of said plurality of polarized intermediate transmission signals is about 1:1.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein said combining is performed by a common feed horn to which said plurality of waveguides are mechanically connected.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein said directing comprises radiating a first elliptical spot on a sub reflector and redirecting said ellipsoidal beam toward a main reflector so as to create a second elliptical spot on said main reflector.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein said first elliptical spot having a width-height ratio of at least 2.5:1.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein said second elliptical spot having a width-height ratio of at least 3.5:1.
28-29. (canceled)
30. A beam shaping element for combining a plurality of polarized signals to an elliptical beam, comprising:
a plurality of feeding points, such as apertures, each set to be connected to another of a plurality of waveguides; and
a signal shaping element having a wavy contour for shaping a plurality of communication signals emitted from said plurality of feeding points, such as apertures, to an elliptical beam.