1. A method (PREP) for the preparation of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (X), a compound of formula (XI), a compound of formula (XII), Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin;
method (PREP) comprises the step (C) and the step (B);
step (B) is done after step (C);
step (C) comprises a reaction (C) of a compound of formula (VI) with a compound (C) to provide a compound of formula (IV);
the compound (C) is selected from the group consisting of Cl2, Br2 and ClBr;
step (B) comprises a reaction (B) of the compound of formula (IV), which has been prepared in step (C), with a compound of formula (V) in the presence of a base (B) to provide a compound of formula (II);
R1 is Cl, Br or CN;
R1-IV and R3 are identical and are Cl or Br;
R2 is a C1-4 alkyl;
base (B) is selected from the group consisting of N(R4)(R5)R6, 1,4-diazabicyclo 2.2.2octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo5.4.0undec-7-ene, pyridine, pyridine substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected identical or different C1-2 alkyl residues, N,N-dimethyl-4-pyridinamine, morpholine, 4-methylmorpholine, 1-methylpiperidine, imidazol, benzimidazol, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, picoline, and mixtures thereof;
R4, R5, R6 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-15 alkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, (C(R16)R17)mN(R12)R13 and phenyl, with the proviso, that at least one of the residues R4, R5 or R6 is not H;
R7 is O\u2014C(O)CH3, OH or CH2\u2014NH2;
R12 and R13 are identical or different and independently from each other H or C1-15 alkyl;
m is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
R16 and R17 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and ethyl;
with the proviso, that if R1 or R7 is CN, then
step (B) comprises additionally a reaction (B-add), the reaction (B-add) is done after the reaction (B), of the reaction product of the reaction (B) with a compound (B);
compound (B) is selected from the group consisting of NaCN, KCN, Si(R9)(R10)(R11)CN, HCN, tetrabutylammonium cyanide, 1-cyano benzotriazole and triselenium dicyanide and mixtures thereof;
R9, R10 and R11 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl and phenyl.
2. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
method (PREP) comprises a step (ACID);
step (ACID) is done after step (B);
step (ACID) comprises combining the reaction mixture prepared in step (B) with an acid (B);
acid (B) is selected from the group consisting of polymeric sulfonic acid resin, toluene sulfonic acid, HCl, H2SO4, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.
3. The method (PREP) according to claim 2, wherein acid (B) is a polymeric sulfonic acid resin.
4. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
R1-IV and R3 are Cl.
5. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
base (B) is selected from the group consisting of NEt3, tetramethylethylendiamine and N,N-dimethyl-4-pyridinamine and mixtures thereof.
6. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
base (B) is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyridine substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected identical or different C1-2 alkyl residues, morpholine, 4-methylmorpholine, 1-methylpiperidine, imidazol, benzimidazol, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, picoline, and mixtures thereof.
7. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
R4, R5, R6 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, phenyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and (CH2)mN(R12)R13;
R12 and R13 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl;
m is 2, 3 or 4.
8. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
R9, R10 and R11 are identical and are selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl.
9. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
compound (B) is NaCN or KCN.
10. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
reaction (B) is done in a solvent (B);
solvent (B) is selected from the group consisting of hexanes, heptanes, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and mixtures thereof.
11. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein compound (C) is Cl2 or Br2.
12. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
reaction (C) is done in a solvent (C),
solvent (C) is selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and mixtures thereof.
13. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
compound (C) is Cl2,
R1-IV and R3 are Cl and
R1 is Cl or CN.
14. The method (PREP) according to claim 1, wherein
method (B) comprises further a step (A);
step (A) is done after step (B);
step (A) comprises a reaction (A) of compound of formula (II), which has been prepared in step (B), with a compound of formula (III) to provide compound of formula (I);
R2 is C1-4 alkyl.
15. The method (PREP) according to claim 14, wherein
R1 is Cl or CN.
16. The method (PREP) according to claim 14, wherein
R2 is ethyl or tert-butyl.
17. The method (PREP) according to claim 14, wherein
method (B) comprises step (ACID);
step (ACID) is done before step (A);
step (ACID) is done after step (B);
step (ACID) comprises combining the reaction mixture prepared in step (B) with an acid (B);
acid (B) is selected from the group consisting of polymeric sulfonic acid resin, toluene sulfonic acid, HCl, H2SO4, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.
18. The method (PREP) according to claim 17, wherein
acid (B) is a polymeric sulfonic acid resin.
19. The method (PREP) according to claim 1 for the preparation of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (X), a compound of formula (XI), a compound of formula (XII), and Rosuvastatin.
20. The method (PREP) according to claim 1 for the preparation of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (X), a compound of formula (XI), and a compound of formula (XII).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer-implemented method of decoding signals of a current block of image data, the method comprising:
receiving a first parameter associated with one of a plurality of prediction modes;
receiving a plurality of decoded blocks of image data adjacent to a current block of image data, the plurality of decoded blocks of image data being limited to blocks in a row above or to the left of the current block of image data;
generating a second parameter associated with a direction of prediction; and
decoding the current block of image data predicted from one of the plurality of decoded adjacent blocks of image data according to the direction associated with the second parameter.
2. A decoder that decodes signals of a current block of image data, the decoder comprising:
a processor;
a module configured to control the processor to receive a first parameter associated with one of a plurality of prediction modes;
a module configured to control the processor to receive a plurality of decoded blocks of image data adjacent to a current block of image data, the plurality of decoded blocks of image data being limited to blocks in a row above or to the left of the current block of image data;
a module configured to control the processor to generate a second parameter associated with a direction of prediction; and
a module configured to control the processor to decode the current block of image data predicted from one of the plurality of decoded adjacent blocks of image data according to the direction associated with the second parameter.
3. A decoder that decodes signals of a current block of image data according to stored operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a first parameter associated with one of a plurality of prediction modes;
receiving a plurality of decoded blocks of image data adjacent to a current block of image data, the plurality of decoded blocks of image data being limited to blocks in a row above or to the left of the current block of image data;
generating a second parameter associated with a direction of prediction the second parameter being associated with the first parameter; and
decoding the current block of image data predicted from one of the plurality of decoded adjacent blocks of image data according to the direction associated with the second parameter.