1. A futuristic Christmas ornament comprising:
a. at least one light transmissive tube,
i. each of said at least one light transmissive tube having a first end and a second end;
b. a hollow body with at least one opening for each of the at least one light transmissive tube for receiving the first end thereof,
i. a substantial portion of each of the at least one light transmissive tube extending outside of the hollow body,
ii. said hollow body having a top end and a base at a bottom end;
c. at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body being operably associated with the first end of at least one of the at least one light transmissive tube; and
d. at least one power source operably associated with the at least one light source,
whereby, light emanating from the at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body illuminates at least a portion of the at least one light transmissive tube extending outside of the hollow body.
2. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the hollow body has a first opening and a second opening for each of the at least one light transmissive tube for respectively receiving the first end and the second end of one of the at least one light transmissive tube.
3. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein the at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body that is operably associated with the first end of one of the at least one light transmissive tube is further operably associated with the second end of said one of the at least one light transmissive tube.
4. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-2, wherein the number of the at least one light source equals the number of each of the first end and the second end of the at least one light transmissive tube and each of the at least one light source is operably associated with one of the first end and the second end of one of the at least one light transmissive tube.
5. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the hollow body has a generally upright centerline, and each of said at least one light transmissive tube lies in a plane that is perpendicular to the generally upright centerline.
6. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein each of said at least one light transmissive tube is horizontally disposed.
7. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-2, wherein said at least one light transmissive tube is spirally disposed relative to the generally upright centerline.
8. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein each of said at least one light transmissive tube forms a generally horizontal portion of a toroid outside of the hollow body.
9. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the at least one light transmissive tube comprises a plurality of light transmissive tubes,
a. each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes being a portion of a toroid lying in one of a plurality of parallel planes.
10. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein the plurality of light transmissive tubes are stacked vertically with each of the plurality of light transmissive tubes having a progressively larger diameter from top to bottom.
11. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein each of the plurality of portions of a toroid lying in one of a plurality of parallel planes is approximately 330 degrees.
12. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the at least one power source is connected to the at least one light source through a plug connector at the base, said plug connector extending from a low voltage power line.
13. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein the plug connector is a female connector associated with a standard string of Christmas lights and the base has a compatible male connector.
14. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the hollow body is translucent.
15. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the at least one light source is equal in number to the number of the at least one light transmissive tube, and each of the at least one light source is operably associated with the first end of each of the at least one light transmissive tube.
16. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the hollow body comprises two mirror-image concave shells, each shell having a peripheral edge, and said hollow body being formed by joining together the two shells along their respective peripheral edge.
17. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein the hollow body has at least one passageway equal in number to the number of the at least one light transmissive tube, each said at least one passageway passing through each of the two mirror image shells to form a visible hole in the hollow body, each visible hole lying in a plane of one of the at least one light transmissive tube.
18. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the hollow body comprises means for accessing an interior space within the hollow body.
19. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein the at least one power source comprises a battery.
20. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim x-1, wherein the battery is disposed inside the hollow body.
21. The futuristic Christmas ornament of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the hollow body is translucent.
22. A futuristic Christmas ornament comprising:
a. a plurality of light transmissive tubes,
i. each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes being a parallel portion of a toroid,
ii. each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes having a first end and a second end;
b. a hollow body with a first opening and a second opening for each of the plurality of light transmissive tubes for receiving the first end thereof, wherein
i. a substantial portion of each of the plurality of light transmissive tubes extending outside of the hollow body,
ii. said hollow body having a top end and a base at a bottom end,
iii. said hollow body having a generally upright centerline, and each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes lies in a plane that is near perpendicular to the upright centerline,
iv. at least a portion of the hollow body is translucent,
c. at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body being operably associated with at least one of the first end and the second end of at least one of the plurality of light transmissive tubes; and
d. at least one power source operably associated with the at least one light source,
whereby, light emanating from the at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body illuminates the translucent hollow body and at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of light transmissive tubes extending outside of the hollow body.
23. A futuristic Christmas ornament comprising:
a. a plurality of light transmissive tubes,
i. each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes being a parallel portion of a toroid,
ii. each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes having a first end and a second end;
b. a hollow body with a first opening and a second opening for each of the plurality of light transmissive tubes for receiving the first end thereof,
i. a substantial portion of each of the plurality of light transmissive tubes extending outside of the hollow body,
ii. said hollow body having a top end and a base at a bottom end,
iii. said hollow body having a generally upright centerline, and each of said plurality of light transmissive tubes lies in a plane that is near perpendicular to the upright centerline,
iv. at least a portion of the hollow body is translucent,
v. at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body being operably associated with at least one of the first end and the second end of at least one of the plurality of light transmissive tubes; and
c. at least one power source operably connected to the at least one light source through a plug connector at the base, said plug connector extending from a low voltage power line,
whereby, light emanating from the at least one light source disposed inside the hollow body illuminates the translucent hollow body and at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of light transmissive tubes extending outside of the hollow body.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for the production of syngas, comprising:
a first reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen carrying particles comprising a first metal oxide, wherein the first reactor is configured to provide a counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and a first fuel to reduce the first metal oxide to a second metal oxide;
a second reactor in communication with the first reactor, the second reactor configured to oxidize the second metal oxide to a third metal oxide, and further configured to reduce the third metal oxide to a fourth metal oxide with a second fuel to provide a partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel comprising one or more of CO, CO2, H2, and H2O, wherein the second metal oxide is oxidized to the third metal oxide using an enhancing gas of CO2 and H2O, the partially or fully oxidized gaseous fuel, or a combination thereof, to generate syngas; and
a third reactor in communication with the second reactor, the third reactor configured to regenerate the first metal oxide by oxidizing the fourth metal oxide with an oxygen source.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the counter-current contact mode between the first metal oxide and the first fuel is such that the first metal oxide moves downward and the first fuel moves upward.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first metal oxide is introduced to the top of the first reactor, and the first fuel is introduced to the bottom of the first reactor.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second reactor is configured to provide a counter-current contact mode between the second metal oxide and the enhancing gas, and a counter-current contact mode between the third metal oxide and the second fuel.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second metal oxide is introduced to the top of the second reactor, the enhancing gas is introduced to the middle of the second reactor, and the second fuel is introduced to the bottom of the second reactor.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the second reactor is configured to provide a co-current contact mode between the second metal oxide and the enhancing gas, and a co-current contact mode between the third metal oxide and the second fuel.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the second metal oxide is introduced to the top of the second reactor, the enhancing gas is introduced to the middle of the second reactor, and the second fuel is introduced to the top of the second reactor.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the second metal oxide is introduced to the top of the second reactor, the enhancing gas is introduced to the top of the second reactor, and the second fuel is introduced to the top or the middle of the second reactor.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the enhancing gas is derived from the first reactor resulting from the reduction of the first metal oxide with the first fuel.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the enhancing gas is derived from oxidation of a carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing source in the third reactor, a fourth reactor, or a combination thereof.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the third reactor is communication with the first reactor, wherein at least a portion of the second metal oxide is circulated directly to the third reactor, and oxidation of a carbon-containing or hydrogen-containing source with an oxygen source in the third reactor generates a stream of enhancing gas, wherein at least a portion of the enhancing gas generated in the third reactor is used in the second reactor as an enhancing gas.
12. The system of claim 1, comprising a fourth reactor in communication with the first reactor, configured to generate a stream of enhancing gas comprising CO2 and H2O.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the enhancing gas generated in the fourth reactor is used in the second reactor as an enhancing gas.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is a solid fuel selected from biomass, coal, pet-coke, solid hydrocarbon-based waste products, or a combination thereof.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the first fuel is a gaseous fuel selected from natural gas, gasified coal, a light hydrocarbon off-gas stream, or a combination thereof.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the second fuel is a solid fuel selected from biomass, coal, pet-coke, solid hydrocarbon-based waste products, or a combination thereof.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the second fuel is a gaseous fuel selected from natural gas, gasified coal, a light hydrocarbon off-gas stream, or a combination thereof.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the second reactor is in communication with a Fischer-Tropsch or methanol synthesis system that produces a light hydrocarbon tail-gas, wherein the second reactor provides syngas to the Fischer-Tropsch or methanol synthesis system and the light hydrocarbon tail-gas is optionally recycled to first reactor, the second reactor, or a combination thereof.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein
the first metal oxide has formula FeOaTix or FeOaAlx,
the second metal oxide has formula FeObTix or FeObAlx,
the third metal oxide has formula FecTix or FeOcTix, and
the fourth metal oxide has formula FeOdTix or FeOdAlx,
wherein 1.5>a>b, b<c>d, 1.5>c, and x is 0.01 to 5.
20. The system of claim 1, wherein
the first metal oxide has formula FeOaTiO2 or FeOaAl2O3,
the second metal oxide has formula FeObTiO2 or FeObAl2O3,
the third metal oxide has formula FeOcTiO2 or FeOcAl2O3, and
the fourth metal oxide has formula FeOdTiO2 or FeOdAl2O3,
wherein 1.5>a>b, b<c>d, and 1.5>c.