1. A differential for distributing torque to left and right axle shafts of an automotive vehicle; said differential comprising:
a cage which rotates about a major axis under torque that is applied;
gearing within the cage for distributing at least some of the torque that is applied to the cage between the axle shafts while accommodating variances in velocity between the axle shafts;
a first planetary set having a ring gear connected to the cage, a sun gear coupled with the left axle shaft for rotation with the left axle shaft at the same angular velocity, planet gears located between and engaged with the ring and sun gears, and a carrier providing axes about which the planet gears rotate;
a first brake coupled with the carrier of the first planetary set to resist rotation of that carrier;
a second planetary set having a ring gear connected to the cage, a sun gear coupled with the right axle shaft for rotation with the right axle shaft at the same angular velocity, planet gears located between and engaged with the ring and sun gears, and a carrier providing axes about which the planet gears rotate; and
a second brake coupled with the carrier of the second planetary set to resist rotation of that carrier;
whereby when either one of the first or second brakes are applied to resist rotation of the carrier to which that brake is coupled, some of the torque will transfer through the planetary set of which the carrier is a part.
2. A differential according to claim 1 wherein the cage and axle shafts rotate about a common axis.
3. A differential according to claim 2 wherein the gearing includes first beveled gear which rotates with the first axle shaft about the major axis, a second beveled gear which rotates with the second axle shaft about the major axis, and a third beveled gear that meshes with the first and second beveled gears and is capable of rotating in the cage about an axis that is perpendicular to the major axis.
4. A differential according to claim 2 wherein the ring and sun gears of the first and second planetary sets are beveled gears, and the planetary gears rotate about axes that are oblique to the major axis.
5. A differential according to claim 2 and further comprising: a third planetary set located between the first brake and the first planetary set; and a fourth planetary set located between the second brake and the second planetary set.
6. A differential according to claim 5 wherein the third and fourth planetary sets each include a ring gear, a sun gear, and a planet gear located between and engaged with the ring and sun gears; wherein the ring gears of the third and fourth planetary sets are fixed against rotation; wherein the sun gear of the third planetary set is connected to the first brake; wherein the planet gear of the third planetary set is connected to the carrier for the first planetary set; wherein the sun gear for the fourth planetary set is connected to the second brake; and wherein the planet gear for the fourth planetary set is connected to the carrier for the second planetary set.
7. A differential according to claim 6 wherein the first and second brakes are magnetic particle brakes.
8. A differential according to claim 2 wherein the first and second brakes are magnetic particle brakes.
9. A differential according to claim 2 and further comprising an outer ring gear fastened to the cage with its axis being the major axis and with torque being delivered to the cage through the outer ring gear.
10. A differential for transferring torque from a drive gear, said differential comprising:
a housing;
left and right axle shafts in the housing;
a cage rotatable in the housing about the major axis;
an outer ring gear on the cage for enabling torque to be applied to the cage;
left and right side gears in the cage on the left and right axle shafts, respectively, for rotation with the left and right axle shafts, respectively;
a pinion mounted in the cage for rotation about an axis that is fixed with respect to the cage and perpendicular to the major axis, the pinion meshing with the left and right side gears, whereby torque is transferred from the cage through the pinion and the left and right side gears;
a left torque diverter including a ring gear on the cage, a sun gear connected to the left axle shaft for rotation with it, planet gears located between and engaged with the ring and sun gears, a carrier providing axes about which the planet gears rotate, and a left brake for resisting rotation of the carrier so that torque will transfer from the cage to the left axle shaft through the ring gear, planet gears, and sun gear of the left diverter; and
a right torque diverter including a ring gear on the cage, a sun gear connected to the right axle shaft for rotation with the right axle shaft, planet gears located between and engaged with the ring and sun gears, a carrier providing axes about which the planet gears rotate, and a right brake for resisting rotation of the carrier so that torque will transfer from the cage to the right axle shaft through the ring gear, planet gears and sun gear of the right diverter.
11. A differential according to claim 10 wherein the left torque diverter also includes a secondary planetary set having a ring gear fixed in position with respect to the housing, a sun gear, and planet gears, the axes of which are provided by the carrier for the left diverter; wherein the brake of the left diverter is between the housing and sun gear of the secondary planetary set; wherein the right torque diverter also includes a secondary planetary set having a ring gear fixed in position with respect to the housing, a sun gear, and planet gears, the axes of which are provided by the carrier for the right diverter; and wherein the brake of the right diverter is between the housing and sun gear of the secondary planetary set.
12. A differential according to claim 11 wherein the brakes are magnetic particle brakes.
13. A differential according to claim 11 wherein the ring and sun gears of the primary planetary sets for the torque diverters are beveled gears.
14. A differential according to claim 11 wherein the housing includes left and right end closures; wherein the ring gears for the secondary planetary sets are in the end closures; and wherein the brakes have rotors to which the sun gears of the secondary planetary sets are attached.
15. A differential comprising;
a housing;
left and right axle shafts in the housing;
a cage rotatable in the housing about the major axis;
an outer ring gear on the cage to enable torque to be applied to the cage so as to rotate the cage about the major axis;
gearing within the cage for transferring torque from the cage to the left and right axle shafts and for accommodating variances in angular velocity between the left and right axle shafts;
a left torque diverter for diverting torque from the cage to left axle shaft while bypassing the gearing; and
a right torque diverter for diverting torque from the cage to the right axle shaft while bypassing the gearing;
each torque diverter including a plurality of gears between the cage and its axle shaft and a magnetic particle brake for effecting, when activated, the transfer of torque through the plurality of gears;
whereby the torque transferred to the left and right axle shafts may be vectored.
16. A differential according to claim 15 wherein each torque diverter includes a primary planetary set having a ring gear on the cage, a sun gear on one of the axle shafts, planet gears between the ring and sun gears, a carrier providing axes about which the planetary gears rotate, and a brake that resists rotation of the carrier.
17. A differential according to claim 15 wherein each torque diverter also includes a secondary planetary set having a ring gear mounted on the housing, a sun gear, and planet gears, with the axes of rotation for the planet gears being provided by the carrier; and wherein the brake is located between the housing and the sun gear of the secondary planetary set.
18. A differential according to claim 16 wherein the ring and sun gears of the primary planetary sets are beveled.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An antenna structure comprising:
an antenna holder comprising a plurality of surfaces;
a feed portion;
a grounding portion; and
a radiating body;
wherein the feed portion and the ground portion are both positioned on one surface of the antenna holder, the radiating body is positioned on at least one surface of the antenna holder; the feed portion is electronically connected to a first end of the radiating body, and the ground portion is electronically connected to a second end of the radiating body so as to form a loop antenna.
2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the antenna holder comprises a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface, the first surface is spaced from and parallel to the third surface, the second surface is perpendicularly connected to the first surface and the third surface, and the feed portion and the grounding portion are both positioned on the first surface.
3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein the radiating body comprises a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the first radiating portion is positioned on the first surface and is perpendicularly connected to the feed portion, the second radiating portion is positioned on the first surface and is perpendicularly connected to the grounding portion.
4. The antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the radiating body further comprises a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion, the third radiating portion comprises a first radiating section and a second radiating section connected in that order, the fourth radiating portion comprises a first connecting section and a second connecting section connected in that order, the first radiating section and the first connecting section are positioned on the second surface, and the second radiating section and the second connecting section are positioned on the third surface.
5. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein the first radiating section is perpendicularly connected to the first radiating portion and the first connecting section is perpendicularly connected to the second radiating portion.
6. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein the radiating body further comprises a fifth radiating portion and a sixth radiating portion, the fifth radiating portion and the sixth radiating portion are both positioned on the third surface, the fifth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the second radiating section and the sixth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the second connecting section.
7. The antenna structure of claim 6, wherein the radiating body further comprises a seventh radiating portion, an eighth radiating portion, and a ninth radiating portion, the seventh radiating portion, the eighth radiating portion, and the ninth radiating portion are all positioned on the third surface, the seventh radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the fifth radiating portion, the eighth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the sixth radiating portion, and the ninth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected between the seventh radiating portion and the eighth radiating portion.
8. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein a width of the antenna holder is about 0.7 mm.
9. A wireless communication device comprising:
a grounding plane; and
an antenna structure positioned on the ground plane, the antenna structure comprising:
an antenna holder comprising a plurality of surfaces;
a feed portion;
a grounding portion; and
a radiating body;
wherein the feed portion and the ground portion are both positioned on one surface of the antenna holder, the radiating body is positioned on at least one surface of the antenna holder; the feed portion is electronically connected to a first end of the radiating body, and the ground portion is electronically connected to a second end of the radiating body so as to form a loop antenna.
10. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the grounding plane comprises a first keep-out-zone and a second keep-out-zone, the first keep-out-zone and the second keep-out-zone are both adjacent to an edge of the grounding plane, the antenna holder is perpendicularly positioned above the first keep-out-zone and the second keep-out-zone.
11. The wireless communication device of claim 10, wherein the first keep-out-zone and the second keep-out-zone are spaced from each other by a metal area.
12. The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein a signal feed terminal and a grounding terminal are positioned at the metal area, the signal feed terminal is electronically connected to the feed portion and the grounding terminal is electronically connected to the grounding portion.
13. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein the antenna holder comprises a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface, the first surface is spaced from and parallel to the third surface, the second surface is perpendicularly connected to the first surface and the third surface, and the feed portion and the grounding portion are both positioned on the first surface.
14. The wireless communication device of claim 13, wherein the radiating body comprises a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the first radiating portion is positioned on the first surface and is perpendicularly connected to the feed portion, the second radiating portion is positioned on the first surface and is perpendicularly connected to the grounding portion.
15. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the radiating body further comprises a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion, the third radiating portion comprises a first radiating section and a second radiating section connected in that order, the fourth radiating portion comprises a first connecting section and a second connecting section connected in that order, the first radiating section and the first connecting section are positioned on the second surface, and the second radiating section and the second connecting section are positioned on the third surface.
16. The wireless communication device of claim 15, wherein the first radiating section is perpendicularly connected to the first radiating portion and the first connecting section is perpendicularly connected to the second radiating portion.
17. The wireless communication device of claim 15, wherein the radiating body further comprises a fifth radiating portion and a sixth radiating portion, the fifth radiating portion and the sixth radiating portion are both positioned on the third surface, the fifth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the second radiating section and the sixth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the second connecting section.
18. The wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the radiating body further comprises a seventh radiating portion, an eighth radiating portion, and a ninth radiating portion, the seventh radiating portion, the eighth radiating portion, and the ninth radiating portion are all positioned on the third surface, the seventh radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the fifth radiating portion, the eighth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected to the sixth radiating portion, and the ninth radiating portion is perpendicularly connected between the seventh radiating portion and the eighth radiating portion.
19. The wireless communication device of claim 9, wherein a width of the antenna holder is about 0.7 mm.