1. Aqueous electrolyte for the electrochemical deposition of palladium or a palladium alloy on a metallic or conductive substrate, which electrolyte comprises organic oligoamine complexes of the metal ions to be deposited in the form of their salts with oxidehydroxide, hydroxide, hydrogencarbonate or carbonate as counter ions.
2. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the electrolyte contains palladium in a concentration of 1-100 gl.
3. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
it contains further metal ions to be deposited from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, indium, gold, silver, tin and mixtures thereof in the form of their soluble salts.
4. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
it contains further metal ions to be deposited in concentrations of \u226650 gl, based on the electrolyte.
5. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the organic oligoamine is a diamine, triamine or tetramine derivative having from 2 to 11 carbon atoms.
6. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the amount of organic oligoamines in the electrolyte is in the range 0.1-5 moll of electrolyte.
7. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pH of the electrolyte is in the range from 3 to 7.
8. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
it comprises a brightener based on an internal salt of a quaternary ammonium group and an acid group.
9. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 8, wherein
one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-2-vinylpyridinium betaine, 1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium betaine, 1-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium betaine are used as brightener.
10. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the brighteners are present in amounts of from 1 to 10 000 mgl of electrolyte.
11. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein
no further deposition metal salts having inorganic anions apart from sulfate or nitrate, hydrogencarbonate or carbonate ions or oxide, hydroxide or mixtures thereof are added to the electrolyte.
12. A process for the electrochemical deposition of palladium or a palladium alloy on a metallic or conductive substrate, wherein
an electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 is used.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the metallic substrate is selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, gold, silver, copper and copper alloys, iron, iron alloys.
14. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the process is carried out at a temperature of from 20\xb0 C. to 80\xb0 C.
15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein
current densities in the range from 0.1 to 150 Adm2 are set for the deposition.
16. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the deposition is carried out using insoluble anodes.
17. A palladium complex comprising a divalent palladium cation, one or more bidentate, tridentate or tetradentate amine ligands and a carbonate anion or two hydrogencarbonate anions or a mixture thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for evaluating power engineering data, which comprises the steps of:
providing an evaluation configuration for producing a data request having a coupling data format;
transmitting the data request to a coupling device via a first communication link;
converting, via the coupling device, the data request from the coupling data format into at least one further data request in a device-specific data format that is specific to a power engineering device;
transmitting the at least one further data request to the power engineering device via a second communication link;
transmitting, via the power engineering device, power engineering data of the power engineering device, requested by the further data request, to the coupling device via the second communication link, wherein the power engineering data are in a data format that is specific to the power engineering device; and
converting, via the coupling device, all the power engineering data requested by means of further data requests into a data response having the coupling data format and transmitting the data response to the evaluation configuration via the first communication link.
2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises producing the data request having the coupling data format by means of evaluation devices that can be added, removed or altered in a course of operation of the evaluation configuration.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the evaluation devices provided include an evaluation device for a load forecast and an evaluation device for a grid stability computation.
4. The method according to claim 2, which further comprises using the evaluation devices to evaluate the data response and present the data response in a display device.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first communication link is encrypted.
6. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises storing the data response only in the coupling device.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data request has details pertaining to at least one energy-engineering-device-specific update cycle time, as a result of which the coupling device is used to update the data response in accordance with the energy-engineering-device-specific update cycle time by repeatedly transmitting the further data requests and to transmit the data response to the evaluation configuration.
8. The method according to claim 7, which further comprises constantly updating the data response in accordance with the energy-engineering-device-specific update cycle time for as long as a user uses the evaluation configuration, the update being interrupted when the user terminates use.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation configuration is used to produce at least one of a maintenance recommendation or a replacement recommendation for an power engineering device when the data response reveals an error in the power engineering device.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the evaluation configuration is used to the evaluate power engineering data for a plurality of different customers, each having customer-specific coupling devices and power engineering devices, in each case on a customer-specific basis, such that all the customer-specific data requests and the data responses are each processed separately from one another in order to ensure data protection.
11. A configuration for evaluating power engineering data, comprising:
an evaluation configuration for producing a data request in a coupling data format;
a first communication link for transmitting the data request and a data response;
at least one power engineering device;
a coupling device suited to converting the data request from the coupling data format into at least one further data request that is specific to said energy engineering device in a device-specific data format, and is further suited for converting all the power engineering data requested by means of further data requests into the data response having the coupling data format;
at least one second communication link for transmitting the further data request for requesting the power engineering data; and
said at least one power engineering device suited for transmitting the power engineering data requested by the further data request to said coupling device by means of said second communication link, wherein the power engineering data are in a data format that is specific to said power engineering device.
12. The configuration according to claim 11, wherein said evaluation configuration has at least one evaluation device that can be used in said evaluation configuration to produce the data request in the coupling data format, wherein said at least one evaluation device can be added, removed or altered in a course of operation of said evaluation configuration.
13. The configuration according to claim 11, wherein said coupling device is exclusively suited to storing the data response by means of a data memory.
14. The configuration according to claim 11, wherein:
said evaluation configuration is suited to providing the data request with details pertaining to at least one energy-engineering-device-specific update cycle time; and
said coupling device is suited to updating the data response in accordance with the energy-engineering-device-specific update cycle time that the data request contains by repeatedly transmitting the further data requests to said at least one power engineering device and to transmitting an updated data response to said evaluation configuration.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program when executed by a processor performs the method according to claim 1.