1. Golf swing trainer, comprising:
a plurality of six elongated elements, each of which has a near end and a distant end;
a plurality of first motion devices, wherein each one of said plurality of first motion devices is connected to a corresponding one of said plurality of six elongated elements at the near end of the corresponding elongated element and is designed to move said corresponding elongated element;
a platform movably connected to each one of said distant ends of said plurality of six elongated elements; and
a connector device connected to said platform.
2. The trainer of claim 1 wherein said connector device is designed to connect to at least one of a golf club and a golfer.
3. The trainer of claim 1, further comprising a base wherein each of said plurality of first motion devices is designed to move the corresponding elongated element relative to the base.
4. The trainer of claim 3 wherein at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements is connected to said base via a cardan joint.
5. The trainer of claim 3, wherein said plurality of first motion devices are linear motion devices, wherein each of said plurality of first motion devices is designed to move said near end of one of the plurality of elongated elements linearly along one of a plurality of straight lines, and wherein each of said plurality of straight lines is locally fixed relative to the base.
6. The trainer of claim 1 wherein motion of said plurality of six elongated elements is designed to constrain motion of a golf swing when said connector device is connected to at least one of a golf club and a golfer.
7. The trainer of claim 1, further comprising a control device wherein said control device is connected to each of said plurality of first motion devices, such that motions of said plurality of first motion devices are controlled by said control device.
8. The trainer of claim 1 wherein at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements is connected to said platform via a cardan joint.
9. The trainer of claim 1 wherein at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements comprises a revolute joint, such that said near end and said distant end of said at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements can be independently rotated about a longitudinal axis of said at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements.
10. The trainer of claim 1, further comprising a base wherein each of said plurality of six elongated elements is connected to said base, wherein said trainer is designed such that forces between said base and said platform are transmitted exclusively in directions that are longitudinal directions of, in each case, a corresponding one of said plurality of six elongated elements, and wherein each of said longitudinal directions is defined by a connection line from said near end and said distant end of said corresponding one of said plurality of six elongated elements.
11. The trainer of claim 1 wherein said platform is rotatably connected to said connector device, wherein a second motion device is provided, and wherein said second motion device is designed to rotate said connector device about an axis of rotation relative to said platform.
12. The trainer of claim 11 wherein said distant ends of said plurality of six elongated elements are attached to said platform in a plane of impact and wherein said axis of rotation is tilted with respect to a direction which is perpendicular to said plane of impact.
13. The trainer of claim 12 wherein each of said plurality of six elongated elements is connected to said platform via a cardan joint, wherein each cardan joint comprises two axes of rotation about which a corresponding one of said plurality of six elongated elements and said platform can be rotated, wherein said two axes of rotation intersect at an intersection point, and wherein said intersection points are located in said plane of impact.
14. The trainer of claim 1, wherein at least one of said six elongated elements comprises a measuring sensor designed to measure at least one of a length and a change in said length, wherein said length is a length of said at least one of said six elongated elements in a longitudinal direction of said at least one of said six elongated elements.
15. The trainer of claim 14, wherein said length corresponds to a momentarily effective force in said longitudinal direction.
16. The trainer of claim 14, wherein said measuring sensor is arranged near said distant end of said at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements.
17. A method for training a golf swing, comprising:
performing motion of a platform of a golf swing trainer by moving a plurality of six elongated elements, wherein each of said plurality of six elongated elements comprises a near end and a distant end, and wherein said platform is movably connected to each one of said distant ends of said plurality of six elongated elements; and
using a connector device for transfer of said motion of said platform to at least one of a golf club and a golfer.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said motion of said platform is effected by controlling motion of said near ends of said plurality of six elongated elements relative to a base of said golf swing trainer.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said motion of said platform is effected by controlling motion of said near ends of said plurality of six elongated elements along linear axes which are locally fixed relative to said base.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein a length of at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements, which is defined by a distance between said near end and said distant end, is constant during said motion of said platform, besides changes in length due to mechanical compression and elongation of solid material of said plurality of six elongated elements caused by transmission of forces.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein, in order to perform said motion of said platform, forces are transmitted between said near end of at least one of the plurality of elongated elements and said platform, and wherein said forces are exclusively transmitted in a longitudinal direction, which is defined by a connection line from said near end and said distant end of said at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements.
22. The method of claim 17 wherein a total of six of said plurality of six elongated elements are used for performing said motion of said platform.
23. The method of claim 17 wherein said connector device is rotated relative to said platform during said transfer of said motion of said platform to said golf club andor to said golfer.
24. The method of claim 17 wherein a measurement of forces acting in a longitudinal direction of the elongated elements is performed.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein operation of said golf swing trainer is controlled in dependence on a result of said measurement.
26. A method of manufacturing a golf swing trainer, comprising:
providing a plurality of six elongated elements, each of which has a near end and a distant end;
providing a plurality of first motion devices, each of said plurality of first motion devices is designed to move at least one of said plurality of six elongated elements;
connecting each one of said first motion devices to a corresponding one of said plurality of six elongated elements at the near end of the corresponding elongated element;
providing a platform;
movably connecting said platform to each one of said distant ends of said plurality of six elongated elements; and
connecting a connector device to said platform wherein said connector device is designed to connect said platform to at least one of a golf club and a golfer.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of connecting said connector device to said platform is performed so that said platform can be rotated relative to said golf club andor to said golfer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An \u03b1-olefin polymerization catalyst consisting essentially of:
(A) a solid catalyst component containing a titanium compound obtained by treating a solid product having a titanium content of 0.01 to 1.3% by weight obtained by reducing titanium tetrabutoxy titanium with n-butyl magnesium chloride in the presence of tetraethoxy silane and diisobutylphthalate, with diisobutylphthalate, and treating the ester-treated solid with a mixture of di-n-butyl ether and titanium tetrachloride or a mixture of di-n-butyl ether, titanium tetrachloride and diisobutylphthalate, wherein the amount of di-n-butyl ether is 0.1 to 100 mol per 1 mol of the titanium atom contained in the solid product, the amount of the titanium tetrachloride is 1 to 1000 mol per 1 mol of the titanium atom contained in the solid product and the amount of diisobutylphthalate is 30 mol or less per 1 mol of the titanium atom contained in the solid product;
(B) triethyl aluminum
(C) an organosilicon compound represented by the general formula R16nSi(OR17)4-n in which R16 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R17 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R16 and R17 each may be different in the same molecule and n is a number satisfying 0\u2266n<4.
2. An \u03b1-olefin polymerization catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the amount of diisobutylphthalate used in the treatment of the solid product os 0.1 to 150 mol per 1 mol of the titanium atom contained in the solid product, and 0.01 to 1.0 mol per 1 mol of the magnesium atom contained in the solid product.
3. An \u03b1-olefin polymerization catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the titanium content of the catalyst is 0.1 to 1.3% by weight.