1. A device for use in treating orthopedic defects in a procedure comprising inserting the device into a pre-formed cavity within a bony member and injecting bone cement or other orthopedic filler material into an interior region of the device, said device comprising:
a collapsible, self-expanding mesh structure having a first, collapsed configuration and a second, expanded configuration, said first, collapsed configuration enabling the device to be inserted into the pre-formed cavity through a cannula and said second, expanded configuration being sufficient to maintain walls of the cavity apart from each other, wherein said mesh structure itself has regions of differential permeability or flow resistance, and wherein said mesh structure is a co-braided structure comprising primary members and secondary members occupying interstices between said primary members, and wherein said mesh structure has regions of increased permeability or decreased flow resistance in which secondary members are not present;
wherein said device has regions of differential permeability or flow resistance to said bone cement or other orthopedic filler material such that when bone cement or other orthopedic filler material is injected into the interior region of the device, the bone cement or other orthopedic filler material flows out of the device in one or more predetermined preferred directions.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein, when in said second configuration, the device does not compress cancellous bone when the device is positioned within the cavity and the cavity is formed within cancellous bone.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein said mesh structure has at least one region in which the mesh opening size of said region is greater than the mesh opening size of surrounding regions, whereby bone cement or other orthopedic filler material flows preferentially out of the device through said at least one region of greater mesh opening size.
4. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one flow-retarding baffle member.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein said flow-retarding baffle comprises a coating formed on select regions of said mesh structure.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein said flow-retarding baffle comprises a sheet-form material that is attached to select regions of said mesh structure.
7. The device of claim 4, wherein said flow-retarding baffle member comprises one or more wing-like members extending from said mesh structure.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein said mesh structure itself has regions of differential permeability or flow resistance and wherein said device further comprises at least one flow-retarding baffle member.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is generally hollow and has first and second ends, both of which are closed.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein said first ends is fastened closed and said second end is unrestrained.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein said device comprises a stent.
12. A cement-directing device, comprising:
a) a compressible, shape-restoring hollow mesh structure having a compressed shape and an expended shape, wherein the compressed shape is capable of being inserted into and moved through a cannula, the expanded shape being approximately football-shaped, and the mesh structure having sufficiently open mesh area to create minimal added flow resistance to bone cement inserted into the device, wherein said mesh structure itself has regions of differential permeability or flow resistance, and wherein said mesh structure is a co-braided structure comprising primary members and secondary members occupying interstices between said primary members, and wherein said mesh structure has regions of increased permeability or decreased flow resistance in which secondary members are not present; and
b) at least one baffle member attached to the hollow mesh structure and configured to direct the flow of bone cement in preferred directions and to impede the flow of bone cement in non-preferred directions.
13. A cement-directing device suitable for use in repairing a bone defect, said device comprising a generally tubular, collapsible and self-expanding mesh framework, said device having regions of differential permeability or resistance to the flow of bone cement therethrough;
wherein said mesh framework has interstices that are sized to permit a bone cement injection needle to pass through said mesh framework to inject bone cement into an interior cavity of said device; and
wherein bone cement that is injected into said interior cavity in sufficient quantity to extravasate out of said cavity extravasates preferentially through regions of greater permeability or lower resistance to the flow of bone cement; whereby the direction of extravasation is controlled by the location of said regions of differential permeability;
wherein said device is generally hollow and has first and second ends, both of which are closed; and
wherein said first end is fastened closed and said second end is unrestrained.
14. The device of claim 13, further comprising one or more baffling members attached to said mesh framework, said baffling members providing regions of decreased permeability to the flow of bone cement.
15. The device of claim 13, wherein said regions of differential permeability or resistance to the flow of bone cement therethrough are provided by regions of differential mesh density.
16. The device of claim 15, wherein said mesh framework is a multi-layer structure.
17. The device of claim 12 wherein said device comprises a stent.
18. The device of claim 12, wherein said device comprises a stent.
19. A device for use in treating orthopedic defects in a procedure comprising inserting the device into a pre-formed cavity within a bony member and injecting bone cement or other orthopedic filler material into an interior region of the device, said device comprising:
a collapsible, self-expanding mesh structure having a first, collapsed configuration and a second, expanded configuration, said first, collapsed configuration enabling the device to be inserted into the pre-formed cavity through a cannula and said second, expanded configuration being sufficient to maintain walls of the cavity apart from each other;
wherein said device has regions of differential permeability or flow resistance to said bone cement or other orthopedic filler material such that when bone cement or other orthopedic filler material is injected into the interior region of the device, the bone cement or other orthopedic filler material flows out of the device in one or more predetermined preferred directions
wherein said device is generally hollow and has first and second ends, both of which are closed; and
wherein said first end is fastened closed and said second end is unrestrained.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for driving an electro-optical device comprising:
a plurality of scanning lines;
a plurality of data lines that intersect the plurality of scanning lines;
the plurality of data lines including a plurality of groups of data lines;
each of the plurality of groups of data lines including a predetermined number of data lines of the plurality of data lines;
a plurality of pixels that are disposed at position corresponding to intersections between the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of data lines;
a driving circuit that output a first image signal and a second image signal to at least one of the plurality of data lines; and
a pre-charge circuit that output a first pre-charge signal and a second pre-charge signal to at least the one of the plurality of data lines,
the first image signal which having a positive polarity with respect to a predetermined potential,
the second image signal which having a negative polarity with respect to the predetermined potential,
the first pre-charge signal having a first potential which has any one of the positive polarity and the negative polarity, the first pre-charge signal being outputted before the first image signal being supplied to at least the one of the plurality of data lines, and
the second pre-charge signal having a second potential which has same polarity with the first pre-charge signal with respect to the predetermined potential, the second pre-charge signal being outputted before the second image signal being supplied to at least the one of the plurality of data lines, an amplitude of the first potential being lower than an amplitude of the second potential when the first and second potentials have the same polarity with the second image signal, the amplitude of the second potential being lower than the amplitude of the first potential when the first and second potentials have same polarity with the first image signal.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1,
the first pre-charge signal being simultaneously supplied to the plurality of data lines.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1,
the second pre-charge signal being simultaneously supplied to the plurality of data lines.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1,
a first driving voltage being supplied to at least the one of the plurality of data lines as the first image signal, and
a second driving voltage being supplied to at least the one of the plurality of data lines as the second image signal.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1,
the first pre-charge signal and the second pre-charge signal having the negative polarity with respect to the predetermined potential.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1,
driving voltages including the first driving voltage and the second driving voltage being supplied to the plurality of data lines,
the first driving voltage having the highest voltage level among the driving voltages,
the second driving voltage having the lowest voltage level among the driving voltages, and
the first potential and the second potential having a level ranging from the lowest voltage level to the highest voltage level.
7. An apparatus for driving an electro-optical device comprising:
a scanning line;
a first data line and a second data line that intersect the scanning line;
a first pixel that are disposed at position corresponding to intersection between the scanning line and the first data line;
a second pixel that are disposed at position corresponding to intersection between the scanning line and the second data line;
a driving circuit that output a first image signal and a second image signal to the first data line and the second data line; and
a pre-charge circuit that output a first pre-charge signal and a second pre-charge signal to the first data line and the second data line,
the first image signal which having a positive polarity with respect to a predetermined potential,
the second image signal which having a negative polarity with respect to the predetermined potential,
the first pre-charge signal having a first potential which has any one of the positive polarity and the negative polarity, the first pre-charge signal being outputted before the first image signal being supplied to at least one of the first data line and the second data line, and
the second pre-charge signal having a second potential which has same polarity with the first pre-charge signal with respect to the predetermined potential, the second pre-charge signal being outputted before the second image signal being supplied to at least the one of the first data lines and the second data line, an amplitude of the first potential being lower than an amplitude of the second potential when the first and second potentials have the same polarity with the second image signal, the amplitude of the second potential being lower that the amplitude of the first potential when the first and second potentials have same polarity with the first image signal.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7,
none of transistors which being included in the first pixel and the second pixel are in on-states during a period in which the first pre-charge signal is supplied to the first data line and the second data line.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7,
none of transistors which being included in the first pixel and the second pixel are in on-states during a period in which the second pre-charge signal is supplied to the first data line and the second data line.
10. A method for driving an electro-optical device that includes a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of data lines that intersect the plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of pixels that are disposed at position corresponding to intersections between the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of data lines, the method comprising:
supplying a first pre-charge signal has a first potential that has any one of a positive polarity and a negative polarity with respect to a predetermined potential to at least one of the plurality of data lines;
supplying a first image signal which has a positive polarity with respect to the predetermined potential to at least the one of the plurality of data lines;
supplying a second pre-charge signal has a second potential that has same polarity with the first pre-charge signal with respect to the predetermined potential to at least one the of the plurality of data lines, the second potential is different than the first potential; and
supplying a second image signal which has a negative polarity with respect to the predetermined potential to at least the one of the plurality of data lines,
an amplitude of the first potential being lower than an amplitude of the second potential when the first and second potentials have the same polarity with the second image signal, the amplitude of the second potential being lower than the amplitude of the first potential when the first and second potentials have same polarity with the first image signal.
11. The method according to claim 10,
in a first horizontal period, the supplying of the first image signal being carried out before the supplying of the second image signal.
12. The method according to claim 10,
in a second horizontal period, the supplying of the second image signal being carried out after the supplying of the first image signal.