1-24. (canceled)
25. A therapeutic method for treating a disorder or disease associated with oxidative stress which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a combination composition consisting essentially of:
(a) 20-110 mg L-carnitine inner salt or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof;
(b) 20-110 mg acetyl L-carnitine inner salt or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof;
(c) 70-130 mg \u03b1-lipoic acid;
(d) 90-110 mg coenzyme Q10;
(e) 5-15 mg Vitamin E; and
(f) 40-60 \u03bcg selenomethionine.
26. A therapeutic method for preventing a disorder or disease associated with oxidative stress which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a combination composition consisting essentially of:
(a) 20-110 mg L-carnitine inner salt or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof;
(b) 20-110 mg acetyl L-carnitine inner salt or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof;
(c) 70-130 mg \u03b1-lipoic acid;
(d) 90-110 mg coenzyme Q10;
(e) 5-15 mg Vitamin E; and
(f) 40-60 \u03bcg selenomethionine.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A sorbent useful for removing sulfur compounds from fluid streams comprising:
an iron (II) compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof, wherein the iron in the sorbent is principally ferrous iron;
an alkaline fluid capable of stabilizing the iron (II) compound;
wherein the ratio of alkaline fluid to iron (II) compound is at least about 4:1.
2. The sorbent of claim 1 wherein the iron (II) compound has a particle size less than 3 micrometers.
3. The sorbent of claim 2 wherein the particle size of the iron (II) compound is less than about 10 nanometers.
4. The sorbent of claim 1 wherein the iron (II) compound is an iron (II) oxide.
5. The sorbent of claim 1 where the iron (II) compound is an iron (II) hydroxide.
6. (canceled)
7. The sorbent of claim 1 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
8. The sorbent of claim 7 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH.
9. The sorbent of claim 8 wherein the KOH has a molarity of at least about 0.7.
10. A method of forming a sorbent comprising:
providing an iron (II) carbonate;
providing an alkaline fluid;
mixing the alkaline fluid and iron (II) carbonate in a ratio of at least about 4:1; and
heating the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C. for a time sufficient to form an iron (II) compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof, wherein the iron in the sorbent is principally ferrous iron.
11. The method of claim 10 where the iron (II) carbonate is provided by siderite.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein heat produced from dissolving or diluting the alkaline fluid provides the heating of the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the ratio of alkaline fluid to iron (II) carbonate is from about 4:1 to about 6:1.
14. The method of claim 10 where the iron (II) compound produced is an iron (II) hydroxide.
15. The method of claim 10 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the KOH has a molarity of at least about 0.7.
18. The method of claim 10 wherein the formation of an iron (II) compound is measured by the formation of a black precipitate.
19. The method of claim 10 wherein the heating step lasts for from about 10 to about 20 minutes.
20. The method of claim 10 wherein the alkaline fluid is NaOH and no additional heat is required to heat the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
21. A sorbent produced according to the process comprising:
providing an iron (II) carbonate;
providing an alkaline fluid;
mixing the alkaline fluid and iron (II) carbonate in a ratio of at least about 4:1; and
heating the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C. for a time sufficient to form a black precipitate.
22. The sorbent of claim 21 where the iron (II) carbonate is provided by siderite.
23. The sorbent of claim 21 wherein heat produced from dissolving or diluting the alkaline fluid provides the heating of the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
24. The sorbent of claim 21 wherein the black precipitate is an iron (II) compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, and mixtures thereof.
25. The sorbent of claim 21 where the iron (II) compound produced is an iron (II) hydroxide.
26. The sorbent of claim 21 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
27. The sorbent of claim 26 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH.
28. The sorbent of claim 27 wherein the KOH has a molarity of at least about 0.7.
29. The sorbent of claim 27 wherein the heating step lasts for from about 10 to about 20 minutes.
30. The sorbent of claim 21 wherein the alkaline fluid is NaOH and no additional heat is required to heat the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
31. A method of removing sulfur compounds from a non-aqueous fluid stream comprising:
providing a fluid stream containing one or more sulfur compounds;
contacting the fluid stream with an alkaline stabilized iron (II) compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the iron in the alkaline stabilized iron (II) compound is principally ferrous iron and wherein the compound is stabilized with an alkaline fluid with a ratio of alkaline fluid to iron (II) compound of at least about 4:1.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the stabilized iron (II) compound has a particle size less than 3 micrometers.
33. The method of claim 32 wherein the particle size of the stabilized iron (II) compound is less than about 10 nanometers.
34. The method of claim 31 wherein the stabilized iron (II) compound is an iron (II) oxide.
35. The method of claim 31 where the stabilized iron (II) compound is an iron (II) hydroxide.
36. The method of claim 31 wherein the alkaline used to stabilize the alkaline stabilized fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein the alkaline is KOH.
38. The method of claim 31 wherein the sulfur compound is H2S.
39. The method of claim 31 wherein the fluid stream is selected from the group consisting of natural gas liquids (\u201cNGL\u201d), crude oil, acid-gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gas, other hydrocarbon streams, and mixtures thereof.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the sulfur compound is H2S.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein the alkaline is KOH.
42. The method of claim 31 further comprising forming the stabilized iron (II) compound using the method comprising:
providing an iron (II) carbonate;
providing an alkaline fluid;
mixing the alkaline fluid and iron (II) carbonate in a ratio of at least about 4:1; and
heating the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C. for a time sufficient to form the stabilized iron (II) compound.
43. The method of claim 42 where the iron (II) carbonate is provided by siderite.
44. The method of claim 42 wherein heat produced from dissolving or diluting the alkaline fluid provides the heating of the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
45. The method of claim 42 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH.
47. The method of claim 46 wherein the KOH has a molarity of at least about 0.7.
48. The method of claim 42 wherein the formation of an iron (II) compound is measured by the formation of a black precipitate.
49. The method of claim 42 wherein the heating step lasts for from about 10 to about 20 minutes.
50. The method of claim 42 wherein the alkaline fluid is NaOH and no additional heat is required to heat the mixture to at least 40\xb0 C.
51. The method of claim 42 wherein the ratio of the alkaline fluid to the iron (II) carbonate is from about 4:1 to about 6:1.
52. The method of claim 42 where the stabilized iron (II) compound is an iron (II) hydroxide.
53-56. (canceled)
57. A sorbent useful for removing sulfur compounds from fluid streams comprising:
an iron (II) oxide compound;
an alkaline fluid capable of stabilizing the iron (II) compound.
58. The sorbent of claim 57 wherein the iron (II) compound has a particle size less than 3 micrometers.
59. The sorbent of claim 57 wherein the particle size of the iron (II) compound is less than about 10 nanometers.
60. The sorbent of claim 57 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
61. The sorbent of claim 60 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH having a molarity at least about 0.7.
62. The sorbent of claim 57 wherein the sorbent is substantially free of halides or multidentate ligands.
63. A sorbent useful for removing sulfur compounds from fluid streams comprising:
an iron (II) compound selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof;
an alkaline fluid capable of stabilizing the iron (II) compound;
wherein the particle size of the iron (II) compound is less than about 10 nanometers.
64. The sorbent of claim 63 wherein the iron (II) compound is an iron (II) oxide.
65. The sorbent of claim 63 wherein the iron (II) compound is an iron (II) hydroxide.
66. The sorbent of claim 63 wherein the alkaline fluid is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, and NH4OH.
67. The sorbent of claim 66 wherein the alkaline fluid is KOH having a molarity at least about 0.7.
68. The sorbent of claim 63 wherein the sorbent is substantially free of halides or multidentate ligands.
69. The sorbent of claim 1 wherein the sorbent is substantially free of halides or multidentate ligands.
70. The sorbent of claim 1 wherein the ratio of alkaline fluid to iron (II) compound is about 6:1.
71. The method of claim 10 wherein the alkaline fluid is mixed with the iron (II) carbonate in a ratio of about 6:1.
72. The method of claim 31 wherein the compound is stabilized with an alkaline fluid with a ratio of alkaline fluid to iron (II) compound of about 6:1.