1. An apparatus for forming a tissue fold, comprising:
an elongate tubular member having a proximal end, a distal end, and a length therebetween;
an engagement member having a distal end adapted to engage tissue;
a first stabilizing member and a second stabilizing member positioned at the tubular member distal end and adapted to stabilize tissue therebetween, wherein the second stabilizing member is maintained in a substantially fixed position relative to the elongate tubular member, and the first stabilizing member has a first position in which it is biased away from the second stabilizing member, and a second position in which it is moved toward the second stabilizing member relative to the first position; and
a delivery tube attached directly to and adapted to pivot about the first stabilizing member.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a needle assembly slidably disposed within the delivery tube.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an elongate hollow member connected to the needle assembly and disposed within the delivery tube.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an elongate pusher slidably disposed within the elongate hollow member.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising at least one expandable anchor slidably disposed within the needle assembly for securement against the tissue fold.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a length of suture attached to the anchor for securement through the tissue fold.
7. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly is adapted to be advanced from the delivery tube perpendicular to the first or second stabilizing member.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly is adapted to be advanced from the delivery tube at an angle relative to the first or second stabilizing member.
9. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly comprises a cross-section which is keyed to a corresponding cross-section of the delivery tube.
10. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the cross-section of the needle assembly is selected from the group consisting of circles, ellipses, rectangles, hexagons, heptagons, and octagons.
11. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein a portion of the needle assembly is keyed to the delivery tube for maintaining an orientation of the needle assembly relative to the delivery tube.
12. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly comprises a needle body having a sharpened distal end.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the needle body is hollow.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the needle body is curved.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the needle body is comprised of a shape memory alloy.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the needle body is adapted to vibrate while piercing into or through tissue.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprises a piezoelectric transducer adapted to vibrate the needle body.
18. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the needle body is adapted to be torqued via a proximal end of the needle body.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the needle body is threaded over an outer surface.
20. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the needle body defines a plurality of dimples over an outer surface.
21. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly further comprises a lubricious layer or coating disposed over an inner andor outer surface of the needle assembly.
22. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly further comprises a lubricious layer or coating disposed over an inner surface of the needle assembly.
23. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly defines an opening along an outer surface proximally of a distal end of the needle assembly through which at least one expandable anchor is slidably disposed for securement against the tissue fold.
24. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly comprises a needle knife extending distally from a tapered needle body configured to dilate tissue.
25. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly is colored with a color selected from the group consisting of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, silver, black, and combinations thereof.
26. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an anvil positioned adjacent to the needle assembly and adapted to direct a needle being advanced from the delivery tube into a curved or angled path.
27. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly comprises a fiber optic member having a sharpened distal tip.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 further comprising a processor for processing visual data received from the fiber optic tissue piercing member.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 further comprising a visual display in electrical or optical communication with the fiber optic member.
30. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the needle assembly comprises a needle body having a piercing tip and a grasping arm positioned proximally of the tip, the grasping arm being adapted to project from the needle body and releasably retain a length of suture.
31. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the elongate tubular member comprises a flexible length.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the flexible length is adapted to be advanced through an endoscopic device.
33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the endoscopic device comprises a shape-lockable endoscopic body.
34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the endoscopic device is steerable.
35. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the elongate tubular member comprises a rigid length.
36. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the distal end of the engagement member comprises a helically-wound member configured to pierce the tissue when rotated about its longitudinal axis.
37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the helically-wound member defines a uniform pitch.
38. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the helically-wound member defines a non-uniform pitch.
39. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the helically-wound member comprises a second helically-wound member.
40. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the helically-wound member defines a tapered outer diameter.
41. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the distal end of the engagement member further comprises a needle extending distally through the helically-wound member.
42. The apparatus of claim 36 further comprising a pair of opposable grasping jaws positioned about the helically-wound member.
43. The apparatus of claim 36 further comprising at least one tissue anchor disposed within the helically-wound member.
44. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the engagement member is slidably disposed through the tubular member.
45. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a sheath for receiving the engagement member therewithin.
46. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein the sheath is longitudinally slidable relative to the engagement member.
47. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an atraumatic insert configured to be advanced within the engagement member.
48. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the distal end of the engagement member is adapted to be electrically charged.
49. The apparatus of claim 48 further comprising a power generator in electrical communication with the distal end of the engagement member.
50. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a linear bearing slidably connected to the stabilizing member.
51. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein the linear bearing is slidably connected to the engagement member.
52. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein the linear bearing is adapted to slide along the first stabilizing member when the engagement member is advanced distally or proximally relative to the first stabilizing member.
53. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stabilizing member defines an opening or channel.
54. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first and the second stabilizing members are positioned adjacent to one another such that a tissue receiving channel is defined therebetween.
55. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second stabilizing member is pivotable relative to the first stabilizing member.
56. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second stabilizing member is adapted to pivot into a closed configuration relative to the first stabilizing member upon a linear bearing being advanced proximally over the first stabilizing member.
57. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is biased towards one another.
58. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is urged into an open configuration relative to one another upon a linear bearing being advanced distally over the first stabilizing member.
59. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first and second stabilizing members are articulatable relative to one another via a linkage assembly.
60. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is adapted to be urged away from one another.
61. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first stabilizing member is adapted to be urged towards the second stabilizing member upon the delivery tube being pivoted about the first stabilizing member.
62. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a length of the second stabilizing member is greater than a length of the first stabilizing member.
63. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first and second stabilizing members each comprise an atraumatic distal end.
64. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second stabilizing member defines a split opening therethrough.
65. The apparatus of claim 64 wherein the split opening is defined via two articulatable arms.
66. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is adapted to be electrically charged.
67. The apparatus of claim 66 further comprising a power generator in electrical communication with the first or second stabilizing member.
68. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the delivery tube is colored with a color selected from the group consisting of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, silver, black, and combinations thereof.
69. An apparatus for forming a tissue fold, comprising:
an elongate tubular member having a proximal end, a distal end, and a flexible length therebetween;
a helically-wound engagement member adapted to engage tissue and slidably disposed through the tubular member;
a first stabilizing member and a second stabilizing member positioned at the tubular member distal end and adapted to stabilize tissue therebetween, wherein the first and second stabilizing members are further adapted to be angled relative to a longitudinal axis of the elongate tubular member;
a delivery tube having directly a distal end that is attached to and adapted to pivot about the first stabilizing member; and
a needle assembly having a needle body slidably disposed within the delivery tube.
70. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising an elongate hollow member connected to the needle assembly and disposed within the delivery tube.
71. The apparatus of claim 70 further comprising an elongate pusher slidably disposed within the elongate hollow member.
72. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising at least one expandable anchor slidably disposed within the needle assembly for securement against the tissue fold.
73. The apparatus of claim 72 further comprising a length of suture attached to the anchor for securement through the tissue fold.
74. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the needle body comprises a cross-section which is keyed to a corresponding cross-section of the delivery tube.
75. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the needle body is hollow.
76. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the needle body is curved.
77. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the needle body is adapted to vibrate while piercing into or through tissue.
78. The apparatus of claim 77 further comprises a piezoelectric transducer adapted to vibrate the needle body.
79. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising an endoscopic device through which the elongate tubular member is adapted to be advanced.
80. The apparatus of claim 79 wherein the endoscopic device comprises a shape-lockable endoscopic body.
81. The apparatus of claim 79 wherein the endoscopic device is steerable.
82. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the helically-wound member defines a uniform pitch.
83. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the helically-wound member defines a non-uniform pitch.
84. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the helically-wound member comprises a second helically-wound member.
85. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the helically-wound member defines a tapered outer diameter.
86. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the distal end of the engagement member further comprises a needle extending distally through the helically-wound member.
87. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising a pair of opposable grasping jaws positioned about the helically-wound member.
88. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising a sheath for receiving the engagement member therewithin.
89. The apparatus of claim 88 wherein the sheath is longitudinally slidable relative to the engagement member.
90. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising an atraumatic insert configured to be advanced within the engagement member.
91. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising comprising a power generator in electrical communication with the distal end of the engagement member.
92. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising a linear bearing slidably connected to the stabilizing member.
93. The apparatus of claim 92 wherein the linear bearing is slidably connected to the engagement member.
94. The apparatus of claim 93 wherein the linear bearing is adapted to slide along the first stabilizing member when the engagement member is advanced distally or proximally relative to the first stabilizing member.
95. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the stabilizing member defines an opening or channel.
96. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the first and the second stabilizing members are positioned adjacent to one another such that a tissue receiving channel is defined therebetween.
97. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the second stabilizing member is pivotable relative to the first stabilizing member.
98. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the second stabilizing member is adapted to pivot into a closed configuration relative to the first stabilizing member upon a linear bearing being advanced proximally over the first stabilizing member.
99. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is biased towards one another.
100. The apparatus of claim 99 wherein the first or second stabilizing member is urged into an open configuration relative to one another upon a linear bearing being advanced distally over the first stabilizing member.
101. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising a power generator in electrical communication with the first or second stabilizing member.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An integrated tone detection processor for discriminating between tone and voice signals and determining the tones, the integrated tone detection processor comprising:
a semiconductor integrated circuit including,
at least one signal processing unit to perform tone detection; and
a processor readable storage means to store signal processing instructions for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to:
perform automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
determine the energy of the tone or voice signals at specific frequencies utilizing a Goertzel Filter process which implements a plurality of Goertzel filters;
determine whether or not a tone is present; and
if a tone exists, determine what type of tone.
2. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 1, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, or a fax tone.
3. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 1, wherein, Goertzel filters compute the energy levels of tone or voice signals at 16 specific frequencies.
4. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 3, wherein four signal processing units execute Goertzel filters, simultaneously.
5. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 1, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, determine two maximum energy levels of the tone or voice signal and their associated frequencies, respectively, utilizing Goertzel filters.
6. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 5, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, based upon the two maximum energy levels of the tone signal and the associated frequencies of the tone signal, discriminate whether the tone is a single tone, a dual tone, silence, or another type of tone.
7. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 6, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, if the tone was discriminated as a single tone or dual tone, determine the tone by identifying the tone in a user defined dictionary of tones.
8. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 7, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, update a state to TONE ON.
9. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 7, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, determine if a next tone is the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary and, if so, increment a TONE ON counter.
10. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 9, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determine if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if so, set a state to TONE ONOFF.
11. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 9, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determine if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if not, determine whether the tone identified in the user defined dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value; and
if so, declare the tone.
12. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 10, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, increment a TONE OFF counter if a subsequent tone or voice signal includes silence.
13. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 10, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, if a subsequent tone or voice signal does not include silence,
determine if the tone identified in the dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value and an OFF cadence value; and
if so, declare a tone.
14. A method for discriminating between tone and voice signals and determining the tones, the method comprising:
performing automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
determining the energy of the tone or voice signals at specific frequencies utilizing a Goertzel Filter process which implements a plurality of Goertzel filters;
determining whether or not a tone is present; and
if a tone exists, determining what type of tone.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, or a fax tone.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein, Goertzel filters compute the energy levels of tone or voice signals at 16 specific frequencies.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein four signal processing units execute Goertzel filters, simultaneously.
18. The method of claim 14, further comprising, determining two maximum energy levels of the tone or voice signal and their associated frequencies, respectively, utilizing Goertzel filters.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein based upon the two maximum energy levels of the tone signal and the associated frequencies of the tone signal, further comprising, discriminating whether the tone is a single tone, a dual tone, silence, or another type of tone.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein if the tone was discriminated as a single tone or dual tone, further comprising, determining the tone by identifying the tone in a user defined dictionary of tones.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising, updating a state to TONE ON.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising, determining if a next tone is the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary and, if so, incrementing a TONE ON counter.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if so, setting a state to TONE ONOFF.
24. The method of claim 22, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if not, determining whether the tone identified in the user defined dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value; and
if so, declaring the tone.
25. The method of claim 23, further comprising, incrementing a TONE OFF counter if a subsequent tone or voice signal includes silence.
26. The method of claim 23, further comprising, if a subsequent tone or voice signal does not include silence,
determining if the tone identified in the dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value and an OFF cadence value; and
if so, declaring a tone.
27. An integrated tone detection processor for discriminating between tone and voice signals and determining the tones, the integrated tone detection processor comprising:
a semiconductor integrated circuit including,
at least one signal processing unit to perform tone detection; and
a processor readable storage means to store signal processing instructions for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to:
perform automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
filter the tone or voice signal utilizing an elliptical Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter to obtain a filtered tone or voice signal;
determine the energy of the tone or voice signal and the energy of the filtered tone or voice signal;
decide whether a tone is present based upon comparing the energy of the filtered tone or voice signal to the energy of the unfiltered tone or voice signal;
if a tone exists, determine what type of tone; and
if the tone is a modem tone or an echo cancellation (EC) disable tone, provide further modem tone processing.
28. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 27, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, a fax tone, or a modem tone.
29. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 27, wherein four signal processing units execute the elliptical IIR filter, simultaneously.
30. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 27, wherein if a fax tone is detected, voice processing is disabled and a data by-pass for fax processing is provided.
31. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 27, wherein the modem tone or an echo cancellation (EC) disable tone to be detected includes a tone operating at 2100 Hz.
32. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 27, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to provide further modem tone processing, distinguish modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones from other tones.
33. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 32, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones from other tones, determine phase reversals that are characteristic of modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones.
34. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 33, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to determine phase reversals, locate a negative spike followed by positive spike in a difference function of the filtered tone signal from the unfiltered tone signal.
35. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 34, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to, declare a modem or echo cancellation disable tone if the phase reversal occurs and disable echo cancellation.
36. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 32, further comprising a further fax tone processing module, and wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to, distinguish Fax V.21 tones from other tones.
37. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 36, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, mix a digitized input tone corresponding to a tone to be detected as a Fax V.21 tone with a stored copy of a carrier frequency of a Fax V.21 tone to demodulate the input tone.
38. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 37, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, pass the demodulated input tone through a lowpass filter to remove high frequency noise content.
39. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 37, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, perform phase detection to recover an original modulated input tone.
40. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 39, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, pass the original modulated input tone through a lowpass filter to prevent aliasing.
41. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 39, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, reduce a sample rate of the original modulated input tone.
42. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 41, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to distinguish Fax V.21 tones, count codewords of the original modulated input tone and if a pattern 7E is seen three consecutive times, then a Fax V.21 tone is declared as present.
43. A method for discriminating between tone and voice signals and determining the tones, the method comprising:
performing automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
filtering the tone or voice signal utilizing an elliptical Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter to obtain a filtered tone or voice signal;
determining the energy of the tone or voice signal and the energy of the filtered tone or voice signal;
deciding whether a tone is present based upon comparing the energy of the filtered tone or voice signal to the energy of the unfiltered tone or voice signal;
if a tone exists, determining what type of tone; and
if the tone is a modem tone or an echo cancellation (EC) disable tone, providing further modem tone processing.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, a fax tone, or a modem tone.
45. The method of claim 43, wherein four signal processing units execute the elliptical IIR filter, simultaneously.
46. The method of claim 43, wherein if a fax tone is detected, voice processing is disabled and a data by-pass for fax processing is provided.
47. The method of claim 43, wherein the modem tone or an echo cancellation (EC) disable tone to be detected includes a tone operating at 2100 Hz.
48. The method of claim 43, wherein providing further modem tone processing includes distinguishing modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones from other tones.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein distinguishing modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones from other tones includes determining phase reversals that are characteristic of modem tones and echo cancellation disable tones.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein determining phase reversals includes locating a negative spike followed by positive spike in a difference function of the filtered tone signal from the unfiltered tone signal.
51. The method of claim 50, further comprising, declaring a modem or echo cancellation disable tone if the phase reversal occurs and disabling echo cancellation.
52. The method of claim 48, further comprising, distinguishing Fax V.21 tones from other tones.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein distinguishing Fax V.21 tones includes mixing a digitized input tone corresponding to a tone to be detected as a Fax V.21 tone with a stored copy of a carrier frequency of a Fax V.21 tone to demodulate the input tone.
54. The method of claim 53, further comprising, passing the demodulated input tone through a lowpass filter to remove high frequency noise content.
55. The method of claim 53, wherein distinguishing Fax V.21 tones includes performing phase detection to recover an original modulated input tone.
56. The method of claim 55, further comprising, passing the original modulated input tone through a lowpass filter to prevent aliasing.
57. The method of claim 55, wherein distinguishing Fax V.21 tones includes reducing a sample rate of the original modulated input tone.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein distinguishing Fax V.21 tones includes counting the codewords of the original modulated input tone and if a pattern 7E is seen three consecutive times, then a Fax V.21 tone is declared as present.
59. An apparatus comprising:
a tone detection processor including at least one signal processing unit to perform tone detection; and
a storage device to store signal processing instructions for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to:
perform automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of a tone or voice signal;
determine the energy of the tone or voice signals at specific frequencies utilizing a Goertzel Filter process which implements a plurality of Goertzel filters;
determine whether or not a tone is present; and
if a tone exists, determine what type of tone.
60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, or a fax tone.
61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein, Goertzel filters compute the energy levels of tone or voice signals at 16 specific frequencies.
62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein four signal processing units execute Goertzel filters, simultaneously.
63. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, determine two maximum energy levels of the tone or voice signal and their associated frequencies, respectively, utilizing Goertzel filters.
64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, based upon the two maximum energy levels of the tone signal and the associated frequencies of the tone signal, discriminate whether the tone is a single tone, a dual tone, silence, or another type of tone.
65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, if the tone was discriminated as a single tone or dual tone, determine the tone by identifying the tone in a user defined dictionary of tones.
66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, update a state to TONE ON.
67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, determine if a next tone is the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary and, if so, increment a TONE ON counter.
68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determine if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if so, set a state to TONE ONOFF.
69. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determine if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if not, determine whether the tone identified in the user defined dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value; and
if so, declare the tone.
70. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, increment a TONE OFF counter if a subsequent tone or voice signal includes silence.
71. The integrated tone detection processor of claim 68, wherein the signal processing instructions further for execution by the at least one signal processing unit to further, if a subsequent tone or voice signal does not include silence,
determine if the tone identified in the dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value and an OFF cadence value; and
if so, declare a tone.
72. A method comprising:
performing automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
determining the energy of tone or voice signals at specific frequencies utilizing a Goertzel Filter process which implements a plurality of Goertzel filters wherein at least four signal processing units execute the Goertzel filters, simultaneously;
determining whether or not a tone is present; and
if a tone exists, determining what type of tone.
73. The method of claim 72, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, or a fax tone.
74. The method of claim 72, wherein, Goertzel filters compute the energy levels of tone or voice signals at 16 specific frequencies.
75. The method of claim 72, further comprising, determining two maximum energy levels of the tone or voice signal and their associated frequencies, respectively, utilizing Goertzel filters.
76. The method of claim 75, wherein based upon the two maximum energy levels of the tone signal and the associated frequencies of the tone signal, further comprising, discriminating whether the tone is a single tone, a dual tone, silence, or another type of tone.
77. The method of claim 76, wherein if the tone was discriminated as a single tone or dual tone, further comprising, determining the tone by identifying the tone in a user defined dictionary of tones.
78. The method of claim 76, further comprising, updating a state to TONE ON.
79. The method of claim 76, further comprising, determining if a next tone is the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary and, if so, incrementing a TONE ON counter.
80. The method of claim 79, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if so, setting a state to TONE ONOFF.
81. The method of claim 79, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if not, determining whether the tone identified in the user defined dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value; and
if so, declaring the tone.
82. The method of claim 80, further comprising, incrementing a TONE OFF counter if a subsequent tone or voice signal includes silence.
83. The method of claim 80, further comprising, if a subsequent tone or voice signal does not include silence,
determining if the tone identified in the dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value and an OFF cadence value; and
if so, declaring a tone.
84. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform operations comprising:
performing automatic gain control (AGC) to normalize the power of the tone or voice signal;
determining the energy of tone or voice signals at specific frequencies utilizing a Goertzel Filter process which implements a plurality of Goertzel filters;
determining whether or not a tone is present; and
if a tone exists, determining what type of tone.
85. The machine-readable medium of claim 84, wherein determining what type of tone includes determining whether the tone is one of a dial tone, a busy tone, a fast busy tone, a ringing tone, or a fax tone.
86. The machine-readable medium of claim 84, wherein, Goertzel filters compute the energy levels of tone or voice signals at 16 specific frequencies.
87. The machine-readable medium of claim 86, wherein four signal processing units execute Goertzel filters, simultaneously.
88. The machine-readable medium of claim 84, further comprising, determining two maximum energy levels of the tone or voice signal and their associated frequencies, respectively, utilizing Goertzel filters.
89. The machine-readable medium of claim 88, wherein based upon the two maximum energy levels of the tone signal and the associated frequencies of the tone signal, further comprising, discriminating whether the tone is a single tone, a dual tone, silence, or another type of tone.
90. The machine-readable medium of claim 89, wherein if the tone was discriminated as a single tone or dual tone, further comprising, determining the tone by identifying the tone in a user defined dictionary of tones.
91. The machine-readable medium of claim 90, further comprising, updating a state to TONE ON.
92. The machine-readable medium of claim 90, further comprising, determining if a next tone is the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary and, if so, incrementing a TONE ON counter.
93. The machine-readable medium of claim 92, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if so, setting a state to TONE ONOFF.
94. The machine-readable medium of claim 92, further comprising, when the next tone is not the same as the tone identified in the user defined dictionary,
determining if an OFF cadence value is defined; and
if not, determining whether the tone identified in the user defined dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value; and
if so, declaring the tone.
95. The machine-readable medium of claim 93, further comprising, incrementing a TONE OFF counter if a subsequent tone or voice signal includes silence.
96. The machine-readable medium of claim 93, further comprising, if a subsequent tone or voice signal does not include silence,
determining if the tone identified in the dictionary satisfies an ON cadence value and an OFF cadence value; and
if so, declaring a tone.